How To make soil

Fertile
In the Early Fall
1) Remove any weeds or grass from the garden beds. Then loosen the
soil with a rototiller or shovel, to a depth of at least 12 inches.
Remove as many rocks as possible.

2) Rake 2 inches of manure, either fresh or composted, over the garden bed.
Dig the manure into the soil, mixing thoroughly. Continue to remove rocks
from the soil, setting them to the side for use in borders or in a rock garden.

3)Sprinkle the garden bed with water until the soil is moist.

4) Cover the garden bed with clear plastic sheeting. The sun will warm the
soil, encouraging any weed seeds to germinate and then die under the plastic.

5) Remove the plastic after 4 to 6 weeks. Scatter a cover crop seed mix suited
to your area over the soil and water thoroughly. Sprinkle with water when the
soil is dry to the touch, until the seeds sprout. Water as needed until the rainy
season arrives.
In the Spring
1) Mow or use a string trimmer to mow down the cover crop, leaving the
vegetation on top of the soil. Allow it to dry for a
few days, then rototill or dig it into the soil.

2) Rake a 3-inch layer of well-rotted compost over the soil. Rototill or dig
the compost into the garden bed to a depth of 12 inches.

3) Allow the soil to rest for a few days, then test it with a home soil
test kit or take it to a garden center for testing.

4) Add fertilizer or soil amendments as needed, according to the soil test's

results and your landscaping plan. For example, if you're planting acid-loving
flowers and shrubs, the soil may need the addition of a high-nitrogen or sulphur
fertilizer to increase its acidity.

5) Apply a 3- to 4-inch thick layer of coarse mulch over the entire garden.
Pull the mulch back 2 to 4 inches from the stems and trunks of your plants.
Mulch helps keep a consistent moisture level in the soil. In addition, as it
decomposes, it adds organic matter and nutrients to the soil.

6) Rototill the old mulch and any plant debris into the soil in the fall,
avoiding the roots of your newly planted trees and shrubs. Continue to add
compost and other amendments to the soil every fall and spring.
Comparison of Natural And
Chemical Fertilizers
Natural Chemical
Natural and Organic Matter: Provides
Chemical overdose can kill helpful
organic matter essential to stimulation of
microbes and leak nutrient out of the
microorganisms, like bacteria in the soil. It
soil perpetuating a never ending
is one of the building blocks for fertile soil
chemical dependency.
rich in humus. Micro-organisms works on
the organic fertilizer, breaks it up, release
the nutrients and ensures long term
fertility in the soil.

Nutrient Release: Slow and consistent at a

Nutrients are in ready-to-use form and
sustained natural rate that plants are able
when mixed into the soil, can be
to use. No danger of over concentration or
immediately absorbed by the roots.
over-dosage of nutrients.
Excessive nutrients than necessary
caused the roots and plants to burn up.

Minerals Content: Microbes convert the

Lacks organic matter and lessens the
organic matter to various nutrients and
activity of microbes in the soil.
minerals. Minerals are typically present in
broad range that complements with the
soil, providing more balanced nutrition to
plants.

Water Holding Capacity and Caused the soil to dry up that result in caking or
Aeration: Organic fertilizer blinds sandy hardening, which is difficult or impossible for
planting.
soil and loosens clay/muddy soil. This
provides the soil both the capacity to 
sustain water and good aeration for
movement of microbes and healthier plant
growth.
Nutrient Contents: Rich in organic matter
AND it can adapt to any application by
changing the ingredients blend. Pre-
blended formulas or individual nutrient for
blending allow flexibility for plant
preferences and needs (i.e. enriching the
nutrient content).
Corrects Imbalances: As the soil goes
through the plant cycle of planting,
harvesting and de-cropping, it becomes
stripped bare of nutrients and the pH
balance is also affected. Organic fertilizer
helps correct imbalances in the soil pH to
make it suitable for plant growth. It does
not disturb the balance of the soil as it
does not leave behind artificial compound.
Environmental Footprints: Doesn’t build
up harmful residues or cause pollution
due to run-off from irrigation or rain.
Rich in NPK BUT long term application
can cause soil dehydration and
destruction of plant tissue. Excessive
nutrients can bind up other nutrients in
the soil, making them unavailable to
the plants. The longer chemical
fertilizers are applied, the higher the
quantity you will require for the
succeeding application.
Turns soil into acidic. Direct application
of high dosage can burn the roots of
the plants due to high salt
concentration.
Chemical fertilizers tend to release
many chemicals into the soil that
contain nutrients helpful to soil BUT it
may also contain elements that are not
easily biodegradable. These may go on
to contaminate our land and bodies of
water.High energy consumption is also
required for production.
About Modern
Irrigation Systems
1)There Were Only Some Moden irrigation System such as

*Tubewells

*Sprinkelers
Suggestions To Conserve
water In Farming And Use of
Fertilizers
1. More Efficient Irrigation Equipment
Irrigation equipment upgrades can be costly, but there is no question that it will be
worth it in the long run. The reality of an ever-shrinking water supply in the face of
growing needs will become more evident, and eventually the true cost of water will
emerge.

The most efficient irrigation system will depend on the type of crop, the type of soil,
area climate and other factors. Gravity-flow systems and irrigation systems are just
two examples of possible solutions for more efficient water use. Using water flow
meters can help measure and control the amount of water being used in irrigation.
2. Weather Apps
Some farmers may be inclined to set an automated irrigation schedule and let it run
regardless of the weather. Adjusting irrigation systems to work in better harmony
with natural precipitation takes more work, but it is an inarguable way to save
significant amounts of water.

There are numerous weather apps available that provide up-to-the-second

precipitation reports. Using these along with irrigation systems can help save water,
which will save farmers money and reduce wear and tear on systems.
3. Soil Management
Proper soil management is a key to conserving water. It is the soil that absorbs,
transmits and holds the water for crops to use and there is much a farmer can do to
manipulate the nature of soil, and is especially helpful if the soil quality is
compromised.
Various techniques farmers may consider include conservation tillage, using compost
and utilizing cover for crops. Again, what works the best to conserve water will
depend on what kind of soil is being managed.

4. Water Recycling
Avoiding or mitigating runoff can save millions of gallons of water over the course of
a growing season. Runoff can occur due to overwatering, poor soil and other factors,
and in any case is a natural result of irrigation to some degree.

Recycling runoff not only helps save water, it helps save entire ecosystems.
Agricultural runoff typically contains large amounts of chemicals that can seep into
groundwater and pollute rivers, streams and other bodies of water. The costs are
significant, but so are the benefits.
5. Organic Farming Methods
Water recycling is far less expensive when a farmer doesn’t have to treat the water
before reusing it. Organic farming methods that reduce or eliminate the use of
chemicals are yet another way for farmers to conserve water by taking out a costly
step in the recycling process.

Using organic farming methods can arguably also lower the water-use footprint
by preserving the quality of water that would otherwise be negatively affected by
polluted runoff. That said, not all organic farming methods reduce the amount of
water used, so conservation-minded farmers should carefully consider the options.