2019 Hong Kong Protests

2019 Hong Kong protests - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_protests
2019 Hong Kong protests

The 2019 Hong Kong protests, also known as Anti-
2019 Hong Kong protests
Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement or
(March–June, July, August, September)
Anti-ELAB Movement, are an ongoing series of
demonstrations in Hong Kong, China which began with Part of the 2019 Hong Kong extradition bill and
the aim of withdrawing the Fugitive Offenders amendment Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict
bill proposed by the Hong Kong government.[22][23] If
enacted, the bill would allow local authorities to detain
and extradite criminal fugitives who are wanted in
territories that Hong Kong does not have extradition
agreements with, including Taiwan and mainland
China.[24] Concerns were raised that the bill would place
Hong Kong citizens and visitors under mainland Chinese
jurisdiction, undermining the autonomy of the region and
civil liberties.[25][26][27][28] As the protests progressed, the
protesters laid out five key demands over the alleged
police misconduct and democratic reform which has Hundreds of thousands marching on 9 June[1]
stagnated since the 2014 Umbrella Revolution.[22] The Date 31 March 2019 – ongoing[2][3]
Chinese central government has stated it is "the worst (5 months, 1 week and 4 days)
crisis in Hong Kong" since the handover in 1997.[29] Location Various districts of Hong Kong
Dozens of other cities abroad
Demonstrations against the bill began in March and April
and turned into consecutive mass movements in Caused by
Proposal of the Fugitive
June.[30][31] Hundreds of thousands of people marched in
Offenders and Mutual Legal
a protest against the bill on 9 June.[32][33][34][35] Protests
Assistance in Criminal Matters
on 12 June, the day the bill was scheduled for a second
Legislation (Amendment) Bill
reading in the Legislative Council, marked a sharp
2019
escalation in violence. Riot police deployed tear gas and
Alleged misconduct by the Hong
rubber bullets against demonstrators, but protesters
Kong Police Force against
successfully stalled the passage of the bill.[36] Police
protesters (from 12 June)[4][5][6]
reports 338,000 people marched at its peak, whereas the
Hong Kong–Mainland China
organisers claimed two million attended, on the day after
conflict, political screening,
Chief Executive Carrie Lam suspended the bill.[37]
[38][39][40] economic and social inequality[7]
The failure of the 2014 Umbrella
On 1 July, the 22nd anniversary of the handover, hundreds Revolution[8]
of thousands of people participated in the annual July
Goals
march.[41] A portion of these demonstrators split from the Full withdrawal of the extradition
march and broke into the Legislative Council Complex, bill from the legislative process
vandalising central government symbols.[42] Retraction of the characterisation
Subsequently, the protests have continued throughout the of the protests as "riots"
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2019 Hong Kong protests - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_protests
summer, escalating into increasingly violent Release and exoneration of

confrontations, between police, activists, pro-Beijing triad arrested protesters
members, and local residents in over 20 different
Establishment of an independent
neighbourhoods throughout the region.[43] 21 July marked
commission of inquiry into police
the Yuen Long mob attacks where organised triad
behaviour
members assaulted on protesters and bystanders, which
Universal suffrage for Legislative
heightened the tension. Subsequent police operations
Council and Chief Executive
prompted a general strike and city-wide protests on 5
elections
August, and 1.7 million people attended a rally
condemning police brutality on 18 August.[44] Inspired by Resignation of Carrie Lam[9]
the Baltic Way, an estimated 210,000 people created "The Methods Diverse (see tactics and methods)
Hong Kong Way", a human chain 50 kilometres long.[45] Concessions
Bill suspended on 15 June,
given
Lam suspended the extradition bill on 15 June and declared as "dead" on 9 July.[10]
declared the bill "dead" on 9 July, but stopped short of a
Police partially retracted
full withdrawal until 4 September.[46][47][48] However, she
characterisation of protests on or
refused to concede any of the other four demands, namely
before 12 June as "riots", except
an independent inquiry on police brutality, the release of
for 5 individuals in Admiralty on
arrested protesters, a complete retraction of the official
12 June[11]
characterisation of the protests as "riots", and universal
Lam announces on 4 September
suffrage of the Legislative Council and the Chief
that the bill will be withdrawn in a
Executive.[49]
future government session.[12]
Parties to the civil conflict
Contents Protesters Hong Kong

(no centralised authority)
Background Government of Hong
Direct cause
Civil Human Rights Kong
Underlying causes
Front (CHRF)
Objectives Secretariat
Pro-democracy camp
History Executive Council
March–June 2019: Early stage Demosistō Hong Kong Police
July 2019: Protests "blossoming everywhere"
Localist groups Force
August 2019: Escalation
September 2019: Decision to withdraw the bill Pro-independence Pro-Beijing camp
groups
Tactics and methods Safeguard Hong
Suicides Student Localism Kong Alliance
Allegations of police misconduct Students Politihk Social
Domestic reactions Independent Strategic[13]
Hong Kong government Union
Pro-Beijing parties Supported by
Pro-democracy camp Student unions of the
China
Business groups public universities
Chinese government and media Government of China

Industry workers
International reactions
involved Hong Kong and
2 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
See also Legal (6 June & 7 Macau Affairs

August) Office
References
External links Social workers (21 Hong Kong
July) Liaison Office
Finance (1 August) Ministry of State
Background Medic (2 August) Security
Civil servants (2 Ministry of

August) Defense
Direct cause
Teachers (17 August) Communist Party
The Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in of China (CCP)
Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 was
Accountants (23
first proposed by the government of Hong Kong on

August) Central
February 2019 in response to the 2018 murder of Poon Aviation (28 August) Coordination
Hiu-wing by her boyfriend Chan Tong-kai in Taiwan, Group for Hong
where the two Hong Kong residents were visiting as Kong and Macau
tourists. As there is no extradition treaty with Taiwan Affairs
(because the government of China does not recognise its United Front Work
sovereignty), the Hong Kong government proposed an Department
amendment to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance (Cap. 503
(http://www.hklii.hk/hk/legis/en/ord/503/index.html)) Others involved
and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
Triad groups[14]
Ordinance (Cap. 525 (http://www.hklii.hk/hk/legis/en/or
d/525/index.html)) to establish a mechanism for case-by- Lead figures
case transfers of fugitives, on the order of the Chief
Government
Executive, to any jurisdiction with which the city lacks a Protesters
formal extradition treaty.[28] One such jurisdiction would Carrie Lam
(no centralised
be mainland China.
leadership) Matthew Cheung
The inclusion of mainland China in the amendment is of Teresa Cheng
concern to different sectors of Hong Kong society. Pro- John Lee
democracy advocates fear the removal of the separation of
Stephen Lo
the region's jurisdiction from mainland Chinese laws
administered by the Communist Party, thereby eroding the Injuries and arrests
"one country, two systems" principle in practice since the Death(s) 9+ (all suicides)[15][16][17][18][19][20]
1997 handover. Opponents of the bill urged the Hong Kong (as of September 2019)
government to explore other avenues, such as establishing Injuries 2,100+ (as of 15 August 2019)
an extradition arrangement solely with Taiwan, and to
Arrested 1,117 (as of 2 September 2019)[21]
sunset the arrangement immediately after the surrender of
the suspect.[28][50]
Underlying causes
2019 Hong Kong protests came four and a half years after the Umbrella Revolution in 2014, which began after the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) had issued a decision regarding proposed reforms to
3 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
the Hong Kong electoral system, which was largely seen as restrictive. However, despite mass rallies, the government
did not make any concession and the movement ended in failure.[51] Since then, there has been no progress in
achieving genuine universal suffrage; only half of the seats in the Legislative Council remain directly elected, and the
Chief Executive of Hong Kong continues to be voted by the small-circle Election Committee. Following the failed
protests, the 2017 imprisonment of Hong Kong democracy activists further dashed the city's hope of advancing
democractic development.[52] People began to fear the loss of the "high degree of autonomy" provided for in the Basic
Law, as Mainland China appeared to be increasingly and overtly interfering with Hong Kong's affairs. For instance, the
Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy ended with the disqualification of six lawmakers due to a legal
ruling by courts in Mainland China; the Causeway Bay Books disappearances sparked concerns for state-sanctioned
rendition and extrajudicial detention.[53]
The rise of localism and the pro-independence movement was marked by the campaign for the 2016 New Territories
East by-election by activist Edward Leung[54] as fewer and fewer Hong Kong youths identify themselves as Chinese due
to the legal, social and cultural differences between Hong Kong and mainland China. Pollesters at the University of
Hong Kong found that the younger they were, the more distrustful they were towards the Central government.[53]
Hong Kong youth had already faced political turmoil since the Moral and National Education controversy in 2012, and
they were no longer confident about the systems which were said to have protected their rights. With the approach of
2047, when the Basic Law is set to expire, and along with it the constitutional guarantees enshrined within it,
sentiments of an uncertain future drove youth to join the protests against the extradition bill.[51]
Some protesters felt that peaceful methods were not effective and resorted to using more radical methods to express
their view.[8][55] For some protesters, the Umbrella Revolution was an inspiration, as the movement brought about a
political awakening for them.[51] Both CNN and The Guardian noted that unlike the 2014 protests, protesters in 2019
were driven by a sense of desperation rather than hope,[56][57][56] and that the aims of the protests have evolved from
withdrawing the bill to fighting for greater freedom and liberties.[58]
Objectives
Protesters initially only demanded the withdrawal of the extradition bill. Following an escalation in the severity of
policing tactics against demonstrators on 12 June and the bill's suspension on 15 June, the objective of the protesters
has been to achieve these five demands:[59]
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Demand Rationale
Although Chief Executive announced indefinite suspension of the bill on 15 June,

Complete withdrawal of the reading on it may be quickly resumed. The bill was "pending resumption of second
extradition bill from the reading" in the Legislative Council. On 4 September, Carrie Lam announced that the
legislative process formal withdrawal of the bill will be processed by Secretary for Security John Lee in
the Legislative Council later.
The government originally characterised the 12 June protest as "riots". Later the
Retraction of the "riot"
description was amended to say there were "some" protesters who rioted. However,
characterisation
protesters contest the existence of acts of rioting during the 12 June protest.
Protesters consider the arrests to be politically motivated; they also question the
Release and exoneration of
legitimacy of police arresting protesters at hospitals through access to their
arrested protesters
confidential medical data in breach of patient privacy.
Civic groups felt that the level of violence used by the police on 12 June, specifically
those against protesters who were not committing any offences when they were set
Establishment of an upon, was unjustified; police performing stop-and-search to numerous passers-by
independent commission of
near the protest site without probable cause was also considered abusive.[60] Some
inquiry into police conduct
officers' failure to display or show their police identification number or warrant card
and use of force during the
despite being required to do so by the Police General Orders is seen to be a
protests
breakdown of accountability.[61] The existing watchdog lacks independence, and its
functioning relies on police cooperation.
Resignation of Carrie Lam

Currently, the Chief Executive is selected by a 1,200-member Election Committee,
and the implementation of
and 30 of the 70 Legislative Council seats are filled by limited electorates that
universal suffrage for
represent different sectors of the economy, forming the majority of the so-called
Legislative Council and
functional constituencies.
Chief Executive elections[62]
On 30 August, Reuters reported that Carrie Lam presented a report to the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong
and Macau Affairs, in which the Hong Kong government analysed the protesters' five main demands and assessed that
withdrawing the extradition bill and retracting the term "riot" could help quell the unrest. However, the Chinese
government refused to allow Lam to make any concessions and instead insisted she take more initiative. One of the
three sources, a senior Chinese official, told Reuters that President Xi was directly aware of the situation.[63] This story,
however, was described as "completely fake news" by Global Times editor Hu Xijin, who tweeted that he "highly
suspect[s] this is a public opinion war launched maliciously by Reuters at a crucial time".[64]
History
March–June 2019: Early stage

The Civil Human Rights Front, a platform for 50 pro-democracy groups, launched a protest march against the bill on
31 March and another on 28 April. While police estimated 22,800 protesters, organisers claimed 130,000 participants.
The latter figure was the highest since the estimated 510,000 that organisers claimed joined the annual 1 July protest
in 2014.[30] The anti-extradition issue attracted more attention when pro-democratic Legislative Councilors launched a
filibuster campaign against the bill. In response, the Secretary of Security John Lee announced that the government
would resume the second reading of the bill in a full Legislative Council meeting on 12 June, which would have
bypassed the usual practice of scrutinising the bill in the Bills Committee first.[65] The government's determination to
pass the extradition bill, with Carrie Lam accusing the opposition of "talking trash", and the Taiwan government
rejecting HKSAR's plan for extradition, also attracted significant media attention.[66]
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To oppose the second reading of the bill scheduled on 12 June, the CHRF launched their third protest from Victoria
Park to the Legislative Council in Admiralty on 9 June. It was the largest protest ever held in Hong Kong. The
organisers claimed that 1.03 million people, a record-breaking number, attended the rally.[1] Carrie Lam demanded the
second reading debate on the bill be resumed on 12 June,[67] causing several student groups and the political party
Demosistō to stage a sit-in outside the Legislative Council Complex. Police forced them to retreat to Wan Chai.[68]
Following the 9 June protests, a general strike was called on 12 June, which was observed by over 100 employers.[69]
Riot police dispersed protesters at the Legislative Council building by firing tear gas, beanbag rounds and rubber
bullets.[70] Police Commissioner Stephen Lo declared the clashes a "riot",[71] although the police itself were
subsequently condemned for using excessive force, including firing tear gas at peaceful protesters contained in a
crowded area next to CITIC Tower, causing them to be trapped inside the building. The use of police batons and tear
gas,[72] the lack of identifying numbers on police officers,[73] alleged assaults on journalists,[74] and the subsequent
hospital arrests were criticised.[75] Following the clashes on 12 June, protesters began asking for an independent
inquiry on police brutality and urging the government to retract the "riot" characterisation. 2,000 protesters from
religious groups held a vigil outside the government headquarters, praying and singing hymns including "Sing
Hallelujah to the Lord", which became the protest's unofficial anthem.[33]
On 15 June, Carrie Lam announced that the bill had been suspended,
though the pro-democratic camp demanded a full withdrawal of the bill.[76]
A 35-year-old man committed suicide in protest at Lam's decision.[77]
Following the 16 June protest, while the police said that there were
338,000 demonstrators at its peak,[78] CHRF claimed a record-breaking
"almost 2 million plus 1 citizens", Carrie Lam apologised to Hong Kong
citizens for failing to properly communicate the bill's purpose and not
holding public consultations but refused to either resign or withdraw the
bill.[79]
The 16 June march had 338,000
demonstrators at its peak according
Protesters began to besiege the Police Headquarters on Arsenal Street on 21
to police reports, whereas the
and 24 June. The police took no action to disperse the protesters.[80][81]
organisers claimed 2 million
Protesters also began to call for international support, as they visited the attended.
consulates of countries expected to attend the G20 Osaka summit and
assembled at Edinburgh Place at night, holding signs that read "Democracy
now" and "Free Hong Kong".[82][83]
July 2019: Protests "blossoming everywhere"

The CHRF held the annual march on 1 July and claimed a record turnout of 550,000 while police placed the estimate
around 190,000.[84][85] The protest was largely peaceful. At night, protesters stormed the Legislative Council Complex,
but the police took little action to stop them. Protesters smashed furniture, defaced the Hong Kong emblem, and
presented a new manifesto with ten points.[86][87] Some of the protesters who stormed the LegCo Complex were
motivated by the desperation stemmed from several more cases of suicides since 15 June.[88] Carrie Lam condemned
the protesters who stormed the council.[89][57]
Following the 1 July protest, protests began to "blossom everywhere",[90][91] with protests being held in different areas
in Hong Kong,[92] both protesting against the extradition bill and local issues, including parallel traders from China in
Sheung Shui.[93][94] Lennon Walls were also set up in different neighbourhoods and became a source of conflict
6 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
between pro-Beijing citizens and supporters of the protests. The first anti-
extradition protest in Kowloon was held on 7 July, where protesters
marched from Tsim Sha Tsui to West Kowloon station.[95] Clashes occurred
later in Tsim Sha Tsui and Mong Kok. The police's failure to display their
warrant cards drew criticism.[96] On 9 July, Carrie Lam declared "the bill is
dead", though her choice of Cantonese phrases was ambiguous and non-
legally binding, leading to further doubt and scepticism.[97][98][47]
The situation of the Conference The first anti-extradition protest in the New Territories was held in Sha Tin
Room in LegCo after the protesters on 14 July. The protest was largely peaceful, though some protesters began
stormed the Legislative Council to set up barricades and threw objects at the police after the protest.[99]
Complex. Protesters later moved to New Town Plaza and attempted to leave via Sha
Tin station, though they were stopped by riot police who blocked them.[100]
Protesters and bystanders then became trapped inside the Plaza, and
intense clashes between protesters and police officers occurred inside.[101] Residents unhappy with the incident
gathered at New Town Plaza in the following days, questioning security officers why Sun Hung Kai Properties allowed
the police to enter the plaza without any proper permit.[102][103]
Attention shifted back to Hong Kong Island when the CHRF held another
anti-extradition protest on 21 July. Protesters advanced past the police-
mandated endpoint,[104] and some protesters surrounded the Hong Kong
Liaison Office and defaced the Chinese national emblem, an act that was
condemned by the government.[105] While a standoff between the
protesters and the police occurred in Sheung Wan,[106] white-clad groups,
suspected to be triad members allegedly supported by pro-Beijing
lawmaker Junius Ho,[107] appeared at Yuen Long station and
indiscriminately attacked people inside the station. Yuen Long became a
Hong Kong protesters inside the
ghost town following the attack and the police's sluggish response to the Hong Kong International Airport on
incident sparked public's outrage.[108][109] 26 July
On 27 July, protesters marched to Yuen Long, despite opposition from

rural groups and police's objection. To disperse the protesters, the police fired tear gas in a primarily residential
area[110] and the stand-offs between the protesters and the police escalated into violent clashes inside Yuen Long
station.[111] On the next day, protesters once again defied the police ban and marched to Sai Wan and Causeway Bay.
49 people were arrested and later charged with rioting.[112] To support the arrestees, protesters besieged the Kwai
Chung police station and the Tin Shui Wai police station, where protesters were attacked by fireworks launching out of
a moving vehicle.[113][114]
In July, several peaceful protests were held. A group of elderly marched on Hong Kong Island to show their solidarity
with the youths.[115] Several hunger strikers also marched to Government House to demand a response from Carrie
Lam.[116] On 26 July, thousands of protesters gathered at Hong Kong International Airport and handed out leaflets and
pamphlets about the controversy to tourists.[117]
August 2019: Escalation

Protesters returned to Mong Kok on 3 August, though some protesters did not follow the designated routes and headed
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to Mong Kok and Tsim Sha Tsui.[118] Protesters moved barricades into the toll plaza of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel in
Hung Hom, blocking vehicles.[119] A small group of protesters also threw the Chinese national flag next to the Star
Ferry pier into Victoria Harbour.[120] The arrest of protesters in Wong Tai Sin angered the local residents, who clashed
with police near the Disciplined Services quarters.[121] The next day, two protests were held, one in Tseung Kwan O
and another in Kennedy Town. Clashes between the police and protesters then occurred in various districts in Hong
Kong.[122]
5 August saw one of the city's biggest general strikes, which was answered by 350,000 people according to the
Confederation of Trade Unions.[123] Over 200 flights were cancelled due to the strike.[124] Some citizens also blocked
traffic to stop people from getting to work. Protests and sit-ins were held in seven districts in Hong Kong, including
Admiralty, Sha Tin, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan, Wong Tai Sin, Mong Kok and Tai Po.[125][126] To disperse the protesters,
the police force used more than 800 canisters of tear gas, a record number for Hong Kong.[127] Protesters in North
Point and Tsuen Wan were attacked by two groups of stick-wielding men, though some fought back the attackers.
[128][129]
From 6–7 August, after the Hong Kong Baptist University Student Union
president Fong Chung-yin was arrested in Sham Shui Po for possession of
"offensive weapons", which were found to be laser pens, residents nearby
besieged the police station[130] and protesters gathered outside Hong Kong
Space Museum to shine laser pointers on the wall of the museum.[131]
On 11 August, protesters returned to New Territories for a protest in Tai Po,

though they spread to other places in Hong Kong in the evening.[132][133]
On the next day, two protests were held, one in Sham Shui Po while another
in Eastern District. Protesters in Sham Shui Po later moved to Tsim Sha Protesters pointing their laser
pointer to a newspaper held,
Tsui, where the police ruptured the right eye of a female first-aider using
mocking the police's demonstration
bean bag rounds,[134] and Kwai Chung, where the police used tear gas
on 6 August 2019 and standing in
indoors.[135] Meanwhile, the protest on Hong Kong Island escalated into solidarity with Fong
violence when undercover police officers were found arresting other
protesters in Causeway Bay.[136] Police officers also fired pepper ball
rounds at protesters at a very close range in Tai Koo station.[137]
The alleged police brutality on 11 August prompted protesters to stage a three-day sit-in at Hong Kong International
Airport from 12 to 14 August, prompting the Airport Authority to cancel numerous flights for at least two days.[138]
[139][140] In separate incidents on 13 August, protesters at the Airport cornered and assaulted two men accused of being
either undercover police or agents for the mainland, one of whom was later confirmed as being a reporter for the
Global Times.[141][139][142][143] Responding to the 11 August incident, a peaceful rally was held in Victoria Park by the
CHRF on 18 August to condemn police brutality and reiterate the five core demands. It attracted at least 1.7 million
people, who, despite a police ban, marched to Central.[44] An additional estimated 300,000 protesters marched
between Central and Causeway Bay, but could not enter the park due to overcrowding. The police put the attendance in
Victoria Park football areas at 128,000 at the peak.
On the evening of 23 August, an estimated 210,000 people participated in "The Hong Kong Way" campaign, to draw
attention to the movement's five demands. At 9 pm, many covered their right eye and chanted "Corrupt cops, return
the eye!"[45] in reference to the first-aid worker who suffered a serious eye injury during a protest on 12 August.
[144][145] They joined hands to create a human chain 50 kilometres long, stretching across both sides of Hong Kong
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harbour and over the top of Lion Rock.[146] The action was inspired by a
similar event known as the Baltic Way Chain of Freedom that occurred on
23 August 1989.[147][148]
On 24 August, protesters marched to Kwun Tong and dismantled a smart

lamppost which was allegedly used by Hong Kong government to monitor
its citizens.[149] Railway operator MTR closed various stations before the
protest, causing it to become a target of vandalism in subsequent
protests.[150] During the protests of 25 August in Tsuen Wan and Kwai
Protestors atop Lion Rock for The Tsing Districts, hardline protesters threw bricks and gasoline bombs
Hong Kong Way. 23 August 2019
toward the police, who in turn responded by firing tear gas and deploying
water cannon trucks.[151] After being chased and attacked by protesters, six
officers then pulled out their pistols and one of them fired a warning shot toward the sky – this marked the first time a
live round had been used since the demonstrations broke out in June.[151][152] The police also kicked a kneeling man
who was attempting to persuade the officers not to shoot.[152]
Ignoring a police ban[153] and the recent arrests of high-profile pro-democracy activists and lawmakers, thousands of
protesters took to the streets of Hong Kong Island on 31 August. The 13th weekend of the protests also marked the 5th
anniversary of China's announcement of the democratisation timetable of Hong Kong, which triggered the months-
long Umbrella Revolution protests of 2014.[154][155] Two warning shots were fired by undercover cops in Victoria
Park.[156] Amnesty International called for an investigation into the police conduct after the Special Tactical Squad
stormed the Prince Edward station and beat and pepper-sprayed the commuters inside.[157] MTR, which was also
heavily criticised, refused to release CCTV footage at that night.[158]
Many among civil servants, teachers, lawyers, social workers, the finance sector, accountants, secondary school
students, and medical professionals have voiced support for the anti-extradition movement in August by holding
marches or rallies.[159][160][161][162][163][164] Hong Kong people also organised various rallies to protest against the
police's alleged use of sexual violence, condemn airline Cathay Pacific for spreading white terror on its hard-line
approach to staff who participated in protests, and urge the UK and US to support the movement.[165][166][167]
September 2019: Decision to withdraw the bill

On 1 September, the target of protesters was the Hong Kong International Airport.[168] Hundreds of protesters fled to
the neighbouring Tung Chung district, and with transport suspended by MTR, some protesters walked a 15 km route
on the highway to the urban area from Lantau Island.[169] The mass evacuation was dubbed by some media as "Hong
Kong's Dunkirk".[170]
On 2 and 3 September, thousands of school and university students boycotted classes on the first two days of the new
term to join the protests.[171][172] The police's actions near the schools and some schools' responses to the class
boycotts received public attention.[173] Rallies were held on Hong Kong Island for people who participated in the
general strike. Protesters besieged the Mong Kok police station from 2 to 6 September for four consecutive days to
condemn the police brutality inside Prince Edward Station on 31 August and to demand the MTR Corporation to
release the CCTV footage of that night. One person was knocked unconscious by the police on 3 September.[174]
Also on 2 September, Reuters received a leaked audio recording in which Carrie Lam admitted that she had "very
limited" room to manoeuvre between the Central People's Government and Hong Kong, and that she would quit, if she
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had a choice.[175] However, the next day she told the media that she had
never tendered her resignation.[176]
On 4 September, Carrie Lam announced that she would formally withdraw

the extradition bill in October and that she would introduce additional
measures to help calm the situation. Her concession was criticised by
protestors as "too little, too late".[177][178] Protests continued after the
withdrawal of the bill. On 9 September, students wearing uniforms and
masks formed a human chain to support the protests that occurred over the
weekend.[179] On September 9, protesters defied the Chinese law by booing About 10,000 students attended a
the country's national anthem before a football World Cup qualifier. [180] rally inside Chinese University of
Hong Kong to support the class
boycotts on 2 September.
Tactics and methods
The 2019 Hong Kong protests have been largely described as "leaderless",
although the Civil Human Rights Front organised several marches and
rallies.[181] No group or political party has claimed leadership over the
movement. They mainly played a supportive role, such as applying for
Letters of No Objection from the police or mediating conflicts between
protesters and police officers.[182] Protesters commonly used LIHKG, an
online forum similar to Reddit, and Telegram, an optionally end-to-end
encrypted messaging service, to communicate and brainstorm ideas for
protests and making collective decisions.[183] A tunnel near the Tai Po Market
MTR station, dubbed as the
Protesters also uphold several praxis. The first one was "be water", which "Lennon Tunnel."
originated from Bruce Lee's philosophy. Protesters often moved in a mobile
and agile fashion so that the police found it more difficult to respond.[184]
Protesters often retreated when the police arrived, though they would
reemerge somewhere else.[185] Unlike previous protests which were
confined to the Hong Kong Island, the 2019 protests were diversified in
locations, with over 20 different neighbourhoods throughout Hong Kong
Island, Kowloon and the New Territories witnessing protests.[186] In
addition, protesters adopted the black bloc method. They wore mostly black Black Bauhilia flag, a variation on
face masks to protect against tear gas and their identities. Furthermore, the Flag of Hong Kong.
protesters used a range of methods to counter the police force. They used
laser pointers to distract police officers, sprayed paint on surveillance
cameras, and unfurled umbrellas to protect and conceal the identities of the group in action and to defeat facial
recognition technologies.[187]
There are mainly two groups of protesters, namely the "fighters" group (Chinese: 勇武) and the "peaceful, rational and
non-violent" (Chinese: 和理非) protesters.[188] The "peaceful group" participated in different ways. Some chanted
slogans and sang songs such as "Sing Hallelujah to the Lord". Some of them volunteered as medic,[189] started hunger
strikes,[190] formed human chains,[145] started petition campaigns,[191] organised general strikes, obstructed public
transport services as an act of civil disobedience[192] launched boycotts against pro-Beijing shops and
organisations,[193] and set up Lennon Walls in various districts and neighbourhoods in Hong Kong.[194] On the other
hand, the more radical protesters snuffed out tear gas, confronted the police, besieged police stations,[195] set up
10 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
roadblocks, threw tear gas canisters back to the police, organised flash mob occupation of major thoroughfares near
the Cross-Harbour Tunnel,[119] and sometimes committed vandalism by spraying graffiti, hurling eggs at pro-Beijing
lawmakers' offices,[196] damaging the gates inside MTR stations,[150] defacing symbols representing China,[197]
throwing bricks, and committing arson.[198][199] Some protesters also doxxed and cyberbullied police officers and their
families and uploaded their personal information online.[200] Nonetheless, despite difference in methods, both groups
have refrained from denouncing or criticising the other. The principle was the "Do Not Split" praxis, which was aimed
to promote mutual respect for different views within the same protest movement.[201]
To raise awareness of their demands, some protesters have also raised funds to place advertisement in major
international newspapers,[202] and waved the US flag and the UK flag.[203] They also organised press conferences to
"broadcast under-represented voices" and their own perspectives to the public to counter the police's and the
government's conferences.[204] Protesters also attempted to inform tourists about the protests of Hong Kong by
staging sit-ins at Hong Kong International Airport and using Apple devices' AirDrop feature to broadcast anti-
extradition bill information to the public and mainland tourists.[205] The Pepe the Frog Internet meme has been widely
used as a symbol of liberty and resistance,[206] and the #Eye4HK campaign, which showed solidarity for a female
whose eye was allegedly ruptured with a beanbag shot by the police, gained international momentum around the
world.[207]
Suicides
There were five suicide cases closely attributed to the anti-extradition bill protests,
and three more are caused by events related to the extradition bill and events that
follow it.[208] Each person had left a suicide note that deplored the unelected and
unresponsive government and the insistence by officials to force through the
extradition bill; most of the individuals expressed despondency whilst urging
Hongkongers to continue their fight.[209][210][211] One note even stated: "What
Hong Kong needs is a revolution."[212][213]
The first person committed suicide on 15 June, when 35-year-old Marco Leung
Ling-kit climbed the elevated podium on the rooftop of Pacific Place, a shopping
mall in Admiralty at 4:30 pm.[209] Wearing a yellow raincoat with the words "Brutal
police are cold-blooded" and "Carrie Lam is killing Hong Kong" in Chinese written
Memorial for Leung was on the back, he hung a banner on the scaffolding with several anti-extradition
erected near Pacific Place.
slogans.[214] After a five-hour standoff, during which police officers and Democratic
Party legislator Roy Kwong attempted to talk him down, Leung fell to his death,
missing an inflatable cushion set up by firefighters.[209][215][216]
A shrine appeared at the scene soon afterward; Ai Weiwei shared the news on his Instagram feed, while Chinese
satirist Badiucao honoured the dead man with a cartoon.[216] On Thursday 11 July another vigil was held, in which
thousands turned up leaving sunflowers at the memorial site.[217] Artists in Prague have also honoured the event, and
painted a memorial on the Lennon Wall in the Czech Republic, depicting a yellow raincoat along with words of well
wishes.[218]
A 21-year-old Education University of Hong Kong student, Lo Hiu-yan, jumped to her death from Ka Fuk Estate in
Fanling on 29 June.[219][220] She had left two notes written on a stairwell wall with red marker, and uploaded photos of
her note to Instagram.[18][210][221] A third suicide occurred the next day when a 29-year-old woman, Zhita Wu, jumped
11 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
from the International Financial Centre.[222][211] On 4 July, a 28-year-old

woman only identified by the surname Mak died after jumping off a
building in Cheung Sha Wan.[223] A fifth suicide occurred on 22 July, a 26-
year-old man identified by the surname Fan died after jumping off the
building of Cypress House, Kwong Yuen Estate after an argument with his
parents about his political stance and being driven out of the house.
Neighbours of Fan left flowers near the site.[20]
Gathering for Lo Hiu-yan at EdUHK.

Allegations of police misconduct 30 June 2019
During the protests, the Hong Kong Police Force have been accused of
various misconducts. The Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) has launched investigations into alleged
police misconducts in the protests,[224] although the protesters call for forming an independent commission of inquiry,
as the members of the IPCC are mainly pro-establishment.[225] Carrie Lam has rejected this demand and had allegedly
claimed that she would not "betray" the Force.[224]
Hong Kong police were accused of using excessive force, such as using
rubber bullets dangerously by aiming horizontally, targeting the heads and
the torsal of protesters.[226] Its use of bean bag rounds allegedly ruptured
the eye of a female protester,[227] and the police's use of pepper ball rounds
in Tai Koo station was described as "execution-styled shooting".[228] The
police insisted that its usage aligned with international standard and that
the injury of the female protester was not caused by the police. Its use of
tear gas was criticised for violating the international safety guidelines, as
the police were found using it as an offensive weapon,[229] firing it
Standoff between protesters and the
indoors,[230] and using expired tear gas, which may release toxic gases such police at Yeung Uk Road
as phosgene and cyanide upon combustion according to academics.[231] Its
usage in densely populated residential areas also attracted criticisms from
affected residents.[232] Some bystanders caught up in the protests were beaten up or kicked by officers,[233][234] and
operations at New Town Plaza, Yuen Long station, Tai Koo station, Kwai Fong station, and Prince Edward station,
where the STS squad assaulted commuters on a train, were thought to have been a disregard for public safety by
protesters and pro-democrats.[235][236]
The kettling of protesters during the Sha Tin protests,[236] the operations inside private areas,[237] the deployment of
undercover officers,[156] the suspected tampering with evidence,[238][239] the denial of first-aid services for the
wounded,[235] and how the police displayed their warning signs[240] were also controversial. As some police officers
did not wear uniforms with identification numbers or failed to display their warrant cards,[241][242] it was difficult for
citizens to file complaints. Police were also accused of using excessive force on already subdued arrestees.[243][244]
There were reports that accused the police of mistreating and sexually abusing the detainees.[245] A female protester
had her crotch exposed during her arrest.[246] Some detainees reported that the police had denied them access to
lawyers.[247]
The police were accused of interfering with press freedom, injuring journalists, and obstructing them during various
protests.[248][249] The police was also accused of spreading white terror by conducting hospital arrests, banning several
requests for demonstrations,[250] and arresting multiple high-profile activists and lawmakers.[251] Its inaction during
the storming of the Legislative Council Complex was seen as a divisive tactic.[252] Its slow response towards the Yuen
12 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
Long and North Point attacks sparked accusations that the police had colluded with triad members. Some lawyers have
pointed out that their refusal to help the victims as they shut the gates of the nearby police stations during the Yuen
Long attacks might be an offence of misconduct in public office.[253][254] The police have denied all of these
accusations.
The personal conduct of some officers was also criticised. Some uniformed officers used foul language to harass
protesters and journalists,[255] and some officers were accused of provoking the protesters.[256] The Junior Police
Officers' Association also used the term "cockroaches" to describe the radical protesters – the usage of which has been
historically controversial, used to describe people seen as inferior during both World War II and the Rwandan
genocide.[257]
Following these allegations of misconduct, a poll by Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute in August showed
that the satisfaction score towards the police dropped to 39.4 out of 100, the lowest since the poll was started in
2012.[258] According to some reports, the police have become a symbol that represented hostility and suppression and
police's actions on the protesters has resulted in a breakdown of citizens' trust towards the Force.[259][260] For the
Force, some lower-ranking officers reported feeling "lost and confused", citing a "a lack of leadership" during
important moments. Some officers also felt that the government has not fully supported them.[261] A union
representing the junior police officers have requested the Force not to deploy them to "dangerous situations unless
management had confidence in the conditions" and the Force has cancelled foot patrol due to fear that they may be
attacked and the fact that its manpower has been stretched thin by the ongoing protest.[262]
Domestic reactions
Hong Kong government

The government initially took a hardline approach towards the protesters and refused to withdraw the bill despite the
criticisms from Hong Kong politicians, Taiwan and foreign envoys. Carrie Lam continued to push the second reading
of the bill despite a mass protest that attracted 1 million people, saying that the government was "duty-bound" to
amend the law.[263][264] Following the 12 June conflict, both Police Commissioner Stephen Lo and Lam characterised
the conflict as a "riot". The police later backed down on the claim, saying that among the protesters, only five of them
rioted. Protesters have since demanded the government to fully retract the riot characterisation.[265] Her analogy as
Hong Kong people's mother attracted criticisms after the violent crackdown on 12 June.[266]
Lam announced the suspension of the bill on 15 June, though she insisted that the justification of amending the bill
was "sound". She officially apologised to the public on 16 June following a march that attracted 338,000 people at its
peak according to police, or 2 million people as claimed by organisers.[267][268] She reiterated that the bill is "dead" in
early July and reaffirmed that all efforts to amend the law had ceased, though her use of language was thought to be
vague and ambiguous.[269] The government insisted that it would not make any concession during July and August
and insisted that she could still lead the government despite calls asking her to resign. For the demand to set up an
independent commission to investigate police misconduct, she insisted that the existing mechanism, the Independent
Police Complaints Council (IPCC) would suffice.[270][271]
After condemning the protesters for storming the Legislature on 1 July for their "use of extreme violence"[272] and
defacing the national emblem during the 21 July protest,[273] she suggested in early August that the protests have
derailed from their original purposes and that its goal was to challenge China's sovereignty and damage "one country,
two systems".[274] She suggested that the radical protesters were dragging Hong Kong to a "point of no return"[274] and
13 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
they have "no stake in society",[275] a remark that received criticisms from some civil servants.[276] She also stressed
that the government would instead focus on improving the city's economy and preparing measures to help the
businesses in Hong Kong due to the impending "economic downturn".[277]
Following a rally on 18 August that was attended by more than 1.7 million people, Carrie Lam announced that she
would create platforms for dialogue but continued to reject the five core demands.[278] On 4 September, Carrie Lam
announced that she would formally withdraw the extradition bill. She also announced that she would introduce
measures such as introducing new members to the IPCC, engaging in dialogue in a community level, and inviting
academics to evaluate the deep-rooted problems of Hong Kong. However, protesters and democrats had previously
expressed that a partial concession would not be accepted and affirmed that all the five core demands must be
answered.[49]
Lam's administration received criticisms for their performance during the protests. She has largely avoided public
attention or meeting the press after her apology in June until early August.[279][280] According to polls done by the
University of Hong Kong's Public Opinion Program, Lam's ratings in June dropped to a historic low score of 32.8 out
of 100, the lowest rating ever received by a CE.[281] In August, the score dropped to 24.6, and other domains from the
satisfaction rate to the trust rate in the government also reached record low.[282] Lam's concession was also criticised
for being "too little, too late", as the conflicts would not have escalated if she withdrew the bill during the early stage of
the protest.[177][283] Ma Ngok, a political scientist at CUHK, have remarked that the government "has lost the trust of a
whole generation" and predicted that the youths would remain angry at both the government and the police "for years
to come".[284]
Pro-Beijing parties
The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) and the Hong Kong Federation of
Trade Unions (HKFTU), supported Carrie Lam's amendment of the bill before the mass protests broke out. After
Carrie Lam announced the suspension of the bill, many pro-government lawmakers took a U-turn with their view.[285]
Starry Lee from DAB claimed that it would not oppose the withdrawal of the bill,[286] and the party distanced itself
with Ann Chiang, who claimed that the government can revive the bill after the summer. Lee disagreed with setting up
an independent commission to investigate the police behaviours as she felt that it would "dampen their morale".[287]
Felix Chung, a lawmaker from Liberal Party, supported the withdrawal of the bill, though he felt that an independent
commission should be set up to investigate the whole incident.[288] The CE held a private meeting with pro-
government lawmakers explaining the decision to withdraw the bill, though some lawmakers, including Alice Mak
from HKFTU, were said to have vented her anger toward Lam as her decision may harm their chances in the upcoming
elections.[289]
As protests continued to escalate, pro-Beijing lawmakers have condemned the violence of the protesters for breaking
into the LegCo Complex and using petrol bombs and unidentified liquids against the police.[290][291] They have
maintained their support for the Hong Kong Police Force, and have hold various counter-demonstrations to support
the police.[292][293][294] On 17 August, a pro-government rally organised by the Safeguard Hong Kong Alliance
occurred in Tamar Park. Organisers said 476,000 people including pro-government politicians and business leaders
joined the demonstration, but police stated only 108,000 attended.[295]
Members of the Executive Council, Ip Kwok-him and Regina Ip alleged that there was a "mastermind" behind the
protests but could not provide substantial evidence to support their claim.[296]
14 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
Pro-democracy camp
The pro-democratic parties played a supporting role in the protest, and
have opposed the amendment of the bill and have criticised the Police
Force for the alleged misconduct. Many lawmakers, such as Democratic
Party's Roy Kwong, assisted the protesters in various scenarios.[297] Civic
Party's criticised the government for not responding to the protesters, and
described the storming of the LegCo as the "outburst of people's
grievances".[298] Despite the escalation of the protests, convenor of the pro-
democratic lawmakers, Claudia Mo, have insisted that their group of
lawmakers would not split with the protesters despite not agreeing with all Hong Kong pro-democracy
of their methods.[299][300] Fernando Cheung warned that Hong Kong was protesters on 28 July
slowly becoming a "police state" with the increasing violence used by the
police.[301]
Both the incidents on 21 July and 31 August were likened to "terrorist attacks" by some pro-democrats.[302][303] Pro-
democrats also criticised the arrests of several lawmakers before the 31 August protest, saying that such arrests were an
attempt by the police to suppress the movement, but warned that the police would further "fuel greater anger".[304]
Demosisto's Joshua Wong and Alex Chow said that "Hong Kong people will not be cowed by the CCP" and that Wong's
arrest was among the "watershed moment in the fast-moving story of Hong Kong's eroding freedoms".[305]
Several lawmakers, including Dennis Kwok and Alvin Yeung from Civic Party also travelled to the US to explain and
discuss the situation in Hong Kong with American lawmakers and business leaders and voice their support for the
reintroduction of the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act.[306] Meanwhile, some councillors proposed
several alternate versions of the extradition bill.[307]
Former government executives, including Anson Chan, the former Chief Secretary for Administration, issued several
open letters to Carrie Lam, urging her to respond to the five core demands raised by protesters.[308] At the civil servant
rally, Joseph Wong, the former Secretary for Civil Service, said "If we think today's officials, today's chief executive,
violated or failed to follow the rule of law, as civil servants and as civilians, we have a duty to point it out", responding
to the current Secretary Joshua Law's letter to all civil servants which requested them to maintain their political
neutrality.[309][310]
Business groups
Chinese government and media

The Chinese government has expressed their opposition to the protests, while taking measures against the protests and
their supporters. The protests have been described by Chinese government and media as separatism riots facilitated by
foreign forces.[311]
International reactions
As a result of the protests, many nations have issued travel warnings for Hong Kong.[312] Demonstrations in reaction to
the protests have taken place in locations around the world, including Los Angeles, Kiev, Chicago, Houston,
Stockholm, Berlin, Seattle, Canberra, Frankfurt, Melbourne, London, New York City, San Francisco, Sydney, Taipei,
15 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
Tokyo, Montreal, Toronto, Vilnius and Vancouver.
See also
2010 Hong Kong democracy protests
2014 Sunflower Student Movement (Taiwan)
2015 Umbrella Movement (Hong Kong)
Art of the Umbrella Movement
2016 Mong Kok civil unrest
Causeway Bay Books disappearances
Human rights in China
Democratic development in Hong Kong
Human rights in Hong Kong
List of protests in the 21st century
List of biggest protests in history
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2. "⾹港反送中⼤事記：⼀張圖看⾹港⼈怒吼的185天" (https://www.twreporter.org/a/hong-kong-extradition-law-event
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3. "《我係⾹港⼈》2019 反送中，催淚彈下的⼀國兩制" (https://watchout.tw/projects/hongkonger/). 沃草. Retrieved
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190818/s00001/1566064531391/%E5%82%98%E9%81%8B%E6%84%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%90%86%E9%9
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10. "So the bill is 'dead'…but how dead, exactly? Lam's choice of words raises eyebrows" (https://coconuts.co/hongko
ng/news/the-bill-is-dead-but-how-dead-google-trends-shows-spike-in-searches-for-idiom-used-by-carrie-lam-to-de
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(https://web.archive.org/web/20190617133614/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3014
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14. Some relevant sources include:
"Hong Kong protests: Were triads involved in the attacks?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49071

502). BBC. 22 July 2019. "There has been widespread speculation that the attackers belonged to triads – the
name given to organised criminal networks that operate in Hong Kong, and are also known as the Chinese
mafia."
"Hongkongers demand answers from police over violent 'triad' attacks on protesters" (https://www.abc.net.au/n
ews/2019-07-23/hongkongers-demand-answers-over-triad-attack-on-protestors/11336488). ABC AU. 22 July
2019.
Wang, Yanan (24 July 2019). "Who are the men in white behind Hong Kong's mob attack?" (https://www.apne
ws.com/4867ea5aafbd45b78eb1747b8b84c04f). Associated Press. "Six men have been detained, some with
gang links, police said, without elaborating. The sudden attack, which came as a massive protest was winding
down Sunday night, has spurred speculation about the men's backgrounds, motivations and possible political
ties."
"Triad gangsters attack Hong Kong protesters following violent demonstrations, opposition says" (https://www.c
bc.ca/news/world/hong-kong-protesters-china-violence-gangsters-1.5219873). Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation. Reuters. 22 July 2019. "Hong Kong's opposition Democratic Party is investigating attacks by
suspected triad gangsters on train passengers on Sunday, after a night of violence opened new fronts in the
political crisis now deepening across the city."
"Chinese official urged Hong Kong villagers to drive off protesters before violence at train station" (https://www.
reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-extradition-gang-insight/chinese-official-urged-hong-kong-villagers-to-drive-off
-protesters-before-violence-at-train-station-idUSKCN1UL0LK). Reuters. 26 July 2019. "A week before
suspected triad gang members attacked protesters and commuters at a rural Hong Kong train station last
Sunday, an official from China's representative office urged local residents to drive away any activists."
"Hong Kong police criticized over failure to stop attacks on protesters" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hong
kong-extradition/hong-kong-police-criticized-over-failure-to-stop-attacks-on-protesters-idUSKCN1UH02O).
Reuters. 21 July 2019.
"These are the Triad Gangs linked to Hong Kong protester attacks" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/business
/these-are-thetriad-gangs-linked-to-hong-kong-protester-attacks/2019/07/24/91b6e2f2-adf8-11e9-9411-a608f9
d0c2d3_story.html). The Washington Post. 25 July 2019.
Chan, Holmes (22 July 2019). " 'Servants of triads': Hong Kong democrats claim police condoned mob attacks
in Yuen Long" (https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/22/servants-triads-hong-kong-democrats-claim-police-co
ndoned-mob-attacks-yuen-long/). Hong Kong Free Press.
Kuo, Lily (22 July 2019). "Hong Kong: why thugs may be doing the government's work" (https://www.theguardi
an.com/world/2019/jul/22/why-hong-kong-thugs-may-be-doing-the-governments-work). The Guardian.
Barron, Laignee (23 July 2019). "Suspected 'Triad' gangs mark dangerous new phase in Hong Kong's crisis"
(https://time.com/5631502/hong-kong-protests-triads-yuen-long/). Time.
"Triad gangster attack in Hong Kong after night of violent protests: lawmaker" (https://www.nytimes.com/reuter
s/2019/07/22/world/asia/22reuters-hongkong-extradition.html). The New York Times. Reuters. 22 July 2019.
Tiezzi, Shannon. "Hong Kong police: Triads infiltrated occupy movement" (https://thediplomat.com/2014/10/ho
ng-kong-police-triads-infiltrated-occupy-movement/). The Diplomat. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
"Hong Kong braces for 'anti-triad' rally despite police ban" (https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/27/hong-kon
g-braces-anti-triad-rally-despite-police-ban/). Hong Kong Free Press. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved
27 July 2019.
18 of 39 9/11/2019, 4:26 PM
Lo, Clifford (22 July 2019). "Hong Kong police to launch raids on white-clad thugs, including members of 14K
and Wo Shing Wo triad gangs, who unleashed terror on protesters and bystanders in Yuen Long" (https://www.
scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3019637/hong-kong-police-launch-raids-white-clad-thugs).
South China Morning Post. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
Visual Investigation: When a Mob Attacked Protesters in Hong Kong, the Police Walked Away (https://www.nyti
mes.com/video/world/asia/100000006624535/hong-kong-protest-police-triad-investigation.html). The New York
Times (Documentary). Retrieved 30 July 2019.
15. [1] (https://www.ettoday.net/news/20190904/1528684.htm)
16. "21-year-old Hong Kong student falls to her death in Sheung Shui, leaving message opposing extradition law" (htt
ps://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/06/29/21-year-old-hong-kong-student-falls-death-sheung-shui-leaving-message-o
pposing-extradition-law/). Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
17. "【引渡惡法】男⼦太古廣場掛反送中橫額墮樓亡朱耀明到場獻花悼念" (https://hk.news.appledaily.com/breaking/re
altime/article/20190615/59719455). Apple Daily. Hong Kong. 15 June 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
18. "粉嶺21歲⼤學⽣留「反送中」字句後墮樓亡" (https://hk.news.appledaily.com/breaking/realtime/article/20190629/5
9771130). Apple Daily. Hong Kong. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
19. "第四宗反送中⾃殺個案死者親友冀政府回應訴求「真正能阻⽌年輕⼈絕望係政府」" (https://thestandnews.co
m/politics/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%AE%97%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E8%87%AA%
E6%AE%BA%E5%80%8B%E6%A1%88-%E6%AD%BB%E8%80%85%E8%A6%AA%E5%8F%8B%E5%86%8
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External links
HK Democratic Movement 2019 (https://tl.hkrev.info/en/) – Timeline
Free Hong Kong Movement: Stand With Us at G20 (https://freedomhkg.net/) – Open Letter & Timeline
Fight for Freedom: Stand with Hong Kong (https://standwithhk.org) – Call for Solidarity & Joint Declaration history
How an Extradition Bill Became a Red Line for Hong Kongers (https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/06/14/how-an-extrad
ition-bill-became-a-red-line-for-hong-kongers/) – Podcast (33 min). Foreign Policy. 14 June 2019.
Why We Stormed Hong Kong's Parliament (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-49157807/hong-kong-protesters
-on-storming-of-the-legislative-council/) – Documentary short film (5 min). BBC. 1 August 2019.
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2019 Hong Kong protests - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

2019 Hong Kong protests

summer, escalating into increasingly violent Release and exoneration of

Parties to the civil conflict

Contents Protesters Hong Kong

Chinese government and media Government of China

See also Legal (6 June & 7 Macau Affairs

Civil servants (2 Ministry of

first proposed by the government of Hong Kong on

Although Chief Executive announced indefinite suspension of the bill on 15 June,

Resignation of Carrie Lam

March–June 2019: Early stage

July 2019: Protests "blossoming everywhere"

On 27 July, protesters marched to Yuen Long, despite opposition from

August 2019: Escalation

On 11 August, protesters returned to New Territories for a protest in Tai Po,

On 24 August, protesters marched to Kwun Tong and dismantled a smart

September 2019: Decision to withdraw the bill

On 4 September, Carrie Lam announced that she would formally withdraw

from the International Financial Centre.[222][211] On 4 July, a 28-year-old

Gathering for Lo Hiu-yan at EdUHK.

Hong Kong government

Chinese government and media

Tokyo, Montreal, Toronto, Vilnius and Vancouver.

14. Some relevant sources include:

"Hong Kong protests: Were triads involved in the attacks?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49071

110. "Tear gas rains down on Yuen Long protesters" (https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1470818-20190727.ht

245. "Detained protesters not being mistreated, police say" (http://www.ejinsight.com/20190829-detained-protesters-not

293. "Hawkers say protests are hitting their income" (https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1468634-20190716.ht

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_Hong_Kong_protests&oldid=915140655"

This page was last edited on 11 September 2019, at 13:14 (UTC).

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