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VAT VAT dk rkRi;Z gS & Value Added Tax. VAT iwjs ns'k esa lkekU; tax njksa dks ?kksf"kr djrk gSA ;g tax izfØ;k
dks ljy cukrk gSA Taxation dks de djds dherks dks fu;af=r djus esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gS vkSj laiw.kZ tax O;; dks de
djrk gS rFkk uxnh izokg (cash flow) dks c<+krk gS ;g gekjs O;kikj dh ikjnf'kZrk esa Hkh o`f) djrk gSA ;gkW ij ikjnf'kZrk
ls rkRi;Z gS iwjs fo'okl ds lkFk leLr nLrkostksa dk miyC/k gksuk] ftlesa dqN Hkh fNik u gksA ge lHkh vius leLr dk;ksZ esa
ikjnf kZrk dks ilUn djsxsaA VSDls ku esa O;kikj dh ikjnf Zkrk ljdkj Hkh pkgrh gS vkSj miHkksäk Hkh ;g tkuuk pkgrk gS
fd mlls fy;k x;k VSDl D;k mfpr gS vkSj D;k fy;k x;k VSDl okLRko esa ljdkj ds [kkrsa eas tk jgk gS \
orZeku esa çpfyr lsYl VSDl ç.kkyh esa O;kikjh }kjk fy, x, VSDl rFkk lkeku ij fdruk VSDl fn;k
tkuk gS] dh ikjnf kZrk ykuk lEHko ugha gSA bl VSDl ç.kkyh esa ysu&nsu dk fglkc&fdrkc Vsªl (Trace) ugha fd;k tk
ldrk] D;ksafd tgka ls O;kikjh us lkeku [kjhnk gS] og çklafxd ugha gSA dsoy O;kikjh dh fcØh dk fglkc egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd
mlus viuk iwjk VSDl blh vk/kkj ij ljdkj dks fn;k gksrk gS] tksfd fcuk fcy ds ysu&nsu dks c<+kok nsrh gSA lkFk gh
ljdkj dks ;g lkspus ds fy, ckf/kr djrh gS fd O;kikjh /kks[kk ns jgk gS vkSj ljdkj dks O;kikjh dks idM+usa vkSj ml ij
vf/kd VSDl vkSj vFkZn.M yxkus dks çsfjr djrh gSA
oSls rks VAT iz.kkyh esa izR;sd Lrj ij tax yxrk gS fuekZrk ls ysdj miHkksDrk rdA ijUrq ;g dsoy
oLrq dh ewy dher $ dher esa o`f)@ profit margin ij gh yxrk gS izR;sd Lrj ij fy, x, VAT ds rRoksa ij ughaA bl
izdkj VAT lkeku dh dher de j[kus esa lgk;rk djrk gS vkSj VAT system dh iw.kZ ikjnf'kZrk lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd
fdl ysu nsu es lkeku ds fy, fdruk VAT fn;k x;k gSA
VAT ljdkj vkSj miHkksDrk nksuks dh leL;kvksa dks Hkh gy djrk gS] izR;sd O;kikjh dks [kjhn ij fn,
x, tax dks viuh fcØh ij tek fd, x, tax esa ls ?kVk dj dsoy 'ks"k tax gh ljdkj dks tek dj ldrk gSA bldk rkRi;Z
;g gS fd mls viuh [kjhnh vkSj fcØh nksuksa dks Bhd izdkj ls O;ofLFkr djds mldk ys[kk tks[kk j[kuk gksxkA ljdkj ds
fy, Hkh vc O;kikjh }kjk fd, x, C;wjks ij Hkjkslk djuk ljy gksxk D;ksfd vko';drk iM+us ij os C;kSjs esa nh xbZ lwpukvksa
dks tkap ldrs gSA
fuEukafdr rkfydk esa vki ns[k ldrs gS fd ljdkj us dsoy #- 13-75 gh VSDl ds :i esa çkIr fd, gS]
ftldk C;kSjk vkidks fuekZrk }kjk fn, x, fcy ij çkIr gksrk gSA
foØsrk Øsrk foØ; ewY; VSDl nj buokbl ewY; VSDl ØsfMV ljdkj }kjk çkIr
¼VSDl ds fcuk½ ¼VSDl lfgr½ 'kq/n VSDl
A B 100 12-5 112-50 0 12-50
dPps eky dk foØsrk fuekZrk
B fuekZrk miHkksäk 110 125 123-75 12-50 1-25
#-10 dk ykHk pkgrk gS
ljdkj }kjk fy;k x;k VSDl 13-75
bl çfØ;k esa lkeku dk foØ; ewY; de gks x;k] ijUrq fuekZrk dk ykHk igys dh gh Hkkafr gSA fuekZrk B
}kjk dPps eky ds foØsrk A dks fn;k x;k VSDl de gks x;k vkSj fuekZrk B ljdkj dks dsoy 1-25 gh nsxk] D;ksafd dPps
eky dk foØsrk A ljdkj dks igys gh 12-50 ns pqdk gSA miHkksäk ds fy,] buokbl ij fn;k x;k VSDl] og iwjk Amount
gS] tks ljdkj dks VSDl ds :i esa çkIr gks jgk gSA
Assets (lEifRr;ka) :- O;olk; dh izR;sd oLrq ftu ij O;kikjh dk LokfeRo gksrk gS lEifRr;ka dgykrh gSA blesa og /ku Hkh
lfEefyr gS tks vU; O;fDr;ksa ls O;olk; dks ysuk gS nwljs 'kCnksa esa ,slh izR;sd oLrq ftlls Hkfo"; esa O;olk; dks uxn ;k
dksbZ ykHk izkIr gksuk gS lEifRr dgykrh gSA tSls & cash, stock, machinery, building, furniture, land, bills,
receivable, debtors etc.
Assets dks eq[; :Ik ls nks Hkkxks esa ckaVk x;k gS %&
1) Fixed assets bu lEifRr;ksa dks eky mRiknu djus vFkok vU; lsokvksa dks iznku djus ds fy, yach vof/k ds fy,
[kjhnk tkrk gS u fd iqu% foØ; ds fy,A buds izeq[k mnkgj.k gS & Land, Machinery etc.
2) Current assets og lEifRr;ka tks iqu% foØ; ds fy, vFkok ,d o"kZ ds vanj jksdM+ esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy,
j[kh tkrh gS vr% ,sls assets dks short lived or acvtive assets ¼y?kq thoh ;k lfØ;½ Hkh dgrs gSA e.g.-Debtor, Bills
receivable etc.
Liability :- og jkf k tks O;olk; ds vU; i{kks dks ¼Lokeh dks NksM+dj½ nsuh gS liability ¼nkf;Ro½ dgykrh gSA
Liability eq[;r% nks izdkj dh gksrh gS &
1) Long term or fixed liability ¼nh?kZ dkyhu ;k LFkk;h nkf;Ro½ & ,slh liability ftudk Hkqxrku ,d yach vof/k ds
ckn fd;k tkuk gS long term liability dgykrh gSA
2) Current liability ¼pkyw nkf;Ro½ & ,slh liability ftudk Hkqxrku fudV Hkfo"; esa gh djuk gS current liability
dgykrs gSA e.g.- bank overdraft, bill payable, creditor out standing, expenses ¼u pqdk, x, O;;½, short term
loans etc.
Account ([kkrk) :- ,d account fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k vFkok fdlh fo'ks"k firm ls lacaf/kr lHkh ysu nsu dk ys[kk gSA
Accounting (ys[kkadu) esa izR;sd O;fDr laifRr] nkf;Ro] O;; vFkok vk; dk vyx&vyx ys[kk j[krs gSA ftl LFkku ij ,slk
ys[kk (accounting) fy[kk tkrk gS mls account ([kkrk) dgrs gSaA
Account
1) Personal account :- os [kkrs tks fdlh O;fDr] QeZ] daiuh ;k laLFkk ds uke ls [kksys tkrs gSA Personal a/c dgykrs
gSSA e.g.- Bank a/c, Orbit Computer a/c, Ram a/c etc.
Personal a/c ds fu;e %&
(i) ftl O;fDr dks iSlk feyrk gS mls debit side esa j[kk tkrk gS mlds amount dks debit amount esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
(ii) tks O;fDr iSlk nsrk gS mls credit side esa j[kk tkrk gS mlds amount dks credit amount esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
Note
(i) Cash vkSj O;fDr ds uke ds lkFk a/c 'kCn ugha fy[kk tkrk gSA
(ii) Dr ges kk Cr ls igys fy[kk tkrk gSA
Debit the receiver and credit the giver
e.g.:-
(i) jkts k us 2000 :i, 'kadj dks fn;kA
(ii) 500 :Ik;s cSad esa tek fd;kA
(iii) jkt us 4000 fnus k o 2000 :Ik, jfo dks fn;kA
(iv) 2000 dey ls feykA
(v) 800 cSad esa tek fd;kA
(vi) 500 jksfgr us usgk dks fn;kA
(vii) 4000 cSad ls feykA
(viii) gfj dks 1000 fn;kA
(ix) eksgu ls 500 izkIr fd;kA
(x) lqjs k us 7000 o veu us 1000 :Ik, fn;kA
(B) Nominal account ¼vokLrfod [kkrs½ %& O;olk; esa ykHk vkSj gkfu ls lacaf/kr lHkh account dks Nominal
account dgrs gSA
Nominal a/c ds fu;e %&
(i) ftl a/c ls ykHk gksrk gS mls credit side esa fy[kk tkrk gSA blds amount dks credit amount esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
(ii) ftl a/c ls gkfu gksrh gS mls debit side esa fy[kk tkrk gSA blds amount dks debit amount esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
ykHk ls lEcfU/kr a/c gkfu ls lEcfU/kr a/c
Salary received a/c Salary a/c
Interest received a/c Interest paid a/c
Rent received a/c Rent a/c
Discount received a/c Discount paid a/c
Commission received a/c Stationary a/c
Commision paid a/c
Carriage in ward a/c
Carriage out ward a/c
Wages
e.g.:-
(i) 500 :- nqdku dk fdjk;k fn;kA
(ii) 10000 :- dk lkeku 10% discount nsdj cspkA
(iii) 700 :- dk lkeku [kjhnk] 5% discount feykA
(iv) 2000 dk lkeku 5% discount ij [kjhnkA
(v) 160 nqdku dk fdjk;k fn;kA
(vi) 7000 dk lkeku 10% discount ij cspkA
(vii) 600 salary paid fd;kA
(viii) 2000 rent feykA
Discount :-
Discount nks izdkj ds gksrs gS &
(i) Trade discount (O;kikfjd NwV)
(ii) Cash discount (uxn NwV)
1) Trade discount tc foØsrk vius xzkgdks dks list price ij fu/kkZfjr fuf'pr discount iznku djrk gS vFkkZr~ tc
Product cukus okyh daiuh }kjk selling price esa discount fn;k tkrk gS mls trade discount dgrs gSA
Note Trade discount dks Journal entry esa ugha fy[kk tkrk gSA
2) Cash discount 'kh?kz Hkqxrku djus ds fy, tc O;kijh }kjk dqy jde esa dqN NwV nh tkrh gS rks mls cash
discount dgrs gSA
Note Cash discount dks Journal entry esa fy[kk tkrk gSA tc discount paid fd;k tkrk gS rc bldks debit side esa
j[kk tkrk gS tc discount received fd;k tkrk gS rc blesa credit side esa j[kk tkrk gSA
e.g.:-
(i) 10000 dk lkeku 20% trade discount ij cspkA
(ii) 7000 dk lkeku 10% discount ij [kjhnkA
(iii) 10000 dk lkeku 10% trade discount ij [kjhnkA
Date Particular Debit amount Credit amount
1. Dr Cash 8000
Cr Sales a/c 8000
2. Dr Purchase a/c 7000
Cr Cash 6300
Cr Discount rec. a/c 700
Cr Ravi 5000
18 Dr Cash 12600
Cr Sales a/c 12600
19 Dr Suresh 7000
Cr Sales a/c 7000
20 Dr Machinery a/c 8000
Cr Cash 8000
24 Dr Drawing a/c 2500
Cr Cash 2500
27 Dr Rent a/c 400
Cr Cash 400
29 Dr Wages a/c 450
Cr Cash 450
30 Dr Salary a/c 1200
Cr Cash 1200
30 Dr Cash 200
Cr Commission Rec. a/c 200
Ledger ([kkrkcgh) :-
;g book fy[kus dk vkf[kjh rjhdk gS blesa ge lHkh izdkj dh Journal entry dks foLrkj ls vyx&vyx ledger esa j[krs
gSA izR;sd ysu nsu dh Journal entry djds gh ledger entry dh tkrh gSA bldh lgk;rk ls ysu nsu dk okLrfod Lrj
izkIr dj ldrs gSA
e.g.:-
1 ekpZ & uxn O;kikj izkjaHk fd;k 20000 :-
2 ekpZ & lkeku [kjhnk 5000 :-
5 ekpZ & lkeku cspk 4000 :-
10 ekpZ & jfo ls m/kkjh eky [kjhnk 10000 :-
13 ekpZ & jfo dks iSls fn, 7000 :-
15 ekpZ & lkeku cspk 8000 :-
18 ekpZ & QuhZpj [kjhnk 6000 :-
20 ekpZ & etnwjh nh 380 :-
24 ekpZ & fdjk;k fn;k 400 :-
26 ekpZ & deh'ku izkIr fd;k 600 :-
28 ekpZ & iSls fudkys Lo;a ds [kpZ ds fy, 1000 :-
31 ekpZ & osru fn;k 900 :-
Cr Cash 5000
05-03-08 Dr Cash 4000
Cr Sales a/c 4000
10-03-08 Dr Purchase a/c 10000
Cr Ravi 10000
13-03-08 Dr Ravi 7000
Cr Cash 7000
15-03-08 Dr Cash 8000
Cr Sales a/c 8000
18-03-08 Dr Furniture a/c 6000
Cr Cash 6000
20-03-08 Dr Wages a/c 380
Cr Cash 380
24-03-08 Dr Rent a/c 400
Cr Cash 400
26-03-08 Dr Cash 600
Cr Commission rec. a/c 600
28-03-08 Dr Withdraw for personal use a/c 1000
Cr Cash 1000
31-03-08 Dr Salary a/c 900
Cr Cash 900
ledger entry:-
*Single account mode/Multiple account mode single account mode dk rkRi;Z gS fd ,d ekLVj esa ,d
le; esa ,d gh account ij dk;Z djukA bl fLFkfr esa ,d account master ds fy, ,d gh account miyC/k gksrk gSA
Multiple account mode dk rkRi;Z gS fd ,d master esa ,d ls vf/kd account ij dk;Z djukA
bl fLFkfr esa ,d account master ds fy, ,d ls vf/kd accounts miyC/k gkrs gSA
*Ledger groups Ledger groups dk rkRi;Z gS account hands dk oxhZdj.kA ;g vko';d gksrk gS fd ge izR;sd
laser accounts ds fy, group vFkok subgroup dk fuekZ.k djsaA
dqN Ledger group o Subgroup fuEu gSa%&
i) Capital account - ;g ,d primary group gS bl group ds varxZr company dh iwath rFkk company ds vkjf{kr
funds vkrs gS bl group esa 'ks;j iwath account, lk>snkjh iwath accounts, Lokeh iwath account vkfn ledger account
[kksys tk ldrs gSA
ii) Reserves and surplus (Retained earnings) - ;g ,d secondary group gS tks fd capital account (primary
group) ds varxZr vkrk gSA bl group ds varxZr vkjf{kr iwath a/c, lkekU; vkjf{kr ledger, Msizhf k,lu vkfn [kksys tk
ldrs gSA
iii) Current assets - ;g ,d primary group gSA blds varxZr leLr py lEifRr;ksa rFkk rjy lEifRr;ksa ls lacaf/kr
acconts vkrs gSA bl group esa blds vU; 6 subgroups Bank a/c, cash-in-hand, deposits (assets), loans and
advance, stock in hand rFkk sundry debtors ds varxZr lh/ks&lh/ks vkus okyh laifRr;ksa ds account vkrs gSaA
a) Bank a/c bl group ds varxZr leLr cSadks] ftuls company dk ysu nsu gksuk gS] ds accounts tSls& current,
savings, short term deposit vkfn [kksys tk ldrs gSA
b) Cash-in-hand Tally esa bl group ds varxZr Lor% gh ,d account cash uke ls cuk jgrk gSA bl group ds
varxZr vU; cash a/c tSls& party cash, cash in transaction a/c [kksys tk ldrs gSA
c) Deposits bl subgroup ds varxZr fixed deposit, security deposit vFkok company }kjk vU;= tek fd, x,
/ku ls lacaf/kr accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA
d) Loans & advance bl subgroup ds varxZr daiuh }kjk fdlh deZpkjh vFkok O;fDr dks fn, x, _.k vFkok vfxze
Hkqxrku ls lacaf/kr accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA ;g Hkqxrku O;fDr }kjk izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
e) Stock in hand bl subgroup ds varxZr raw materials, work in progress rFkk finished goods tSls&
account [kksys tk ldrs gSA
f) Sundry debtors - bl subgroup ds varxZr ,sls O;fDr] O;kikjh vFkok izfr"Bkuksa ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA
ftudks daiuh m/kkj eky csprh gSA
iv) Current liabilities - ;g ,d primary group gSA daiuh ds leLr orZeku mRrjnkf;Ro vkfn ls lacaf/kr accounts
lh/ks&lh/ks bl group ds varxZr vkrs gSA bl group ds rhu subgroups duty & taxes, provisions rFkk sundry
creditors gksrs gSA
a) Duty & taxes - bl subgroup ds varxZr sale tax, excise duty rFkk trade taxes vkfn ds accounts [kksys tkrs gSSA
vii) Loans (liabilities) - ;g ,d primary group gSA daiuh }kjk fy, x, leLr _.k Hkys gh os nh?kZ dkyhu _.k vFkok
vYidkyhu _.k gksa] ds accounts bl group ds varxZr vkrs gSA bl group ds rhu subgroup Bank OD a/c,
Secured loans, Unsecured loans gksrs gSA
a) Bank OD a/c (Bank occ a/c) Tally gesa nks fHkUu izdkj ds Bank a/c O;ofLFkr djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrh gSA
igyk lkekU; Bank a/c ftlesa company dk bank balance jgrk gSA rFkk nwljk Bank OD a/c ftlesa cSad ds
}kjk daiuh dks fn;s x;s loan (credit) dk ys[kk tks[kk jgrk gSA
b) Secured loans - ;g ,d secondary group gS blesa l krZ _.k ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA ;fn fdlh
dkj.ko k daiuh fail gks tkrh gS rks lcls igys daiuh ds fixed assets esa ls bu _.kksa dks mrkjk tkrk gSA tSls& financial
corporation loans, Bank loans.
c) Unsecured loans bl subgroup ds varxZr mu _.kksa ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gS] tks fd daiuh }kjk fcuk
fdlh izfrHkwfr (security) ds fy, tkrs gSA bl subgroup esa daiuh ds director, partner vFkok fdlh vU; O;fDr] ftuls
daiuh us fcuk 'krZ _.k fy;k gks os accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA
viii) Suspense Account - ;g ,d Primary Group gSA lS)kafrd :Ik ls dgk tk, rks bl group dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugh
gksrk gS ;|fi vk/kqfud accounting esa suspense ledger dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,slh /kujkf k dk ys[kk tks[kk j[kus ds
fy, bldk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks fd fdlh dks nh xbZ gks vFkok fdlh ls yh xbZ gks vkSj vHkh bl ysu nsu dh izd`fr dk
Kku ugh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, daiuh us fdlh party o O;fDr dks Hkqxrku fd;k] ijUrq ftls Hkqxrku fd;k x;k mldk uke
dkmaVj Qkby ij fy[kuk Hkwy x, vFkok fdlh ikVhZ ls Hkqxrku izkIr gqvk ijUrq ml ikVhZ dk uke vLi"V fy[kk gqvk gSA ,sls
fd, x, vFkok izkIr Hkqxrkuksa dks fQygky suspense a/c esa Mky fn;k tkrk gS vkSj tc bu parties vFkok O;fDr;ksa dk
uke Kkr gks tkrk gS rks budk lek;kstu muds accounts esa djk fn;k tkrk gSA
Note suspense account balance sheet ls lacaf/kr gksrk gSA
ix) Miscellanies Expenses (assets) - ;g ,d primary group gSA ;g group vf/kdka kr% dkuwuh vko ;drkvksa ds
izdjhdj.k ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSls & Indian company act ds schedule. bl group esa incorporation rFkk
properative [kpksZ ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSaA Companies vius izR;sd accounts dk ifjes; Hkkx (permissible
portion) lekIr dj nsrh gSA ,d balance gh 'ks"k cprk gS tks fd profit & loss ds accounts es ls lekIr ugh gksrk gSA
bl group ds varxZr cus accounts ds balance dks Tally profit & loss account esa fdlh loss ds :Ik esa ugh fn[kkrh
gSA
x) Branch/Divisions - ;g group gesa viuh daiuh dh lHkh 'kk[kkvksa] divisions, affilated companies vkfn lgk;d
companies dk Hkh accounts j[kus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA bldk iz;ksx ge viuh lqfo/kk ds fy, dj ldrs gSA Tally
;gkW ij Hkh bu lgk;d companies }kjk dh tkus okyh sale rFkk purchase ds accounts j[kus dh vuqefr iznku djrh
gSA lgk;d daiuh ds accounts j[kus ds fy, gesa daiuh i`Fkd :Ik ls cukuh gksxh] D;ksafd Tally gesa vusd companies ds
accounts ,d group company ds varxZr O;ofLFkr djus dh vuqefr iznku djrh gSA
* Revenue primary groups :- ,sls groups ftudh izo`fRr /ku ds ysu&nsu ls lacaf/kr gksrh gS fuEufyf[kr gS &
i) Sales accounts bl group esa fofHkUu izdkj dh fcØh ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA fofHkUu sales accounts dk
i`Fkdhdj.k] tax ds izdkj vFkok tax ds Lrj ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ii) Purchase accounts - bl group esa fofHkUu izdkj dh [kjhn ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA fofHkUu purchase
account dk i`Fkdhdj.k] [kjhn ds izdkj vFkok [kjhn ds Lrj ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA
iii)Direct Income (income direct) - bl group esa ,slh vk; tks gekjs eq[; O;olk; ls izkIr gksrh gS vFkok blls
lacaf/kr rks gS] ijarq bless eky dh fcØh lfEefyr ugh gS] ds accounts [kksys tk ldrs gSA tks fd gekjh company ds dqy
2) Credit note -bldk iz;ksx fdlh ikVhZ ls viuh eky okilh ds dkj.k mldh /kujkf k dks lek;ksftr djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
3) Debit note bldk iz;ksx fdlh ikVhZ dks Hksts x;s eky dh okilh ds dkj.k gekjh /kujkf k dks lek;ksftr djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
4) Delivery notes - ;g ,d inventory voucher gSA ikVhZ dks xksnke ls Hksts x, eky dh tkudkjh] ftldk Hkfo"; esa
fcy cuk;k tkuk gS] ds fy, bldk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
5) Indent - ;g ,d inventory voucher gSA ikVhZ }kjk eky dh ekax dh entry blds }kjk dh tkrh gSA
6) Journal - ;g ,d accounting voucher gSA cash rFkk cSad ds ysu &nsu ds vfrfjDr vU; leLr izdkj dh entry ds
fy, journal voucher dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, fdlh ikVhZ dks gekjs }kjk vfxze Hkqxrku fd;k x;k Fkk
ftlds cnys esa ikVhZ }kjk dh xbZ eky dh supply esa fcyksa dks journal voucher ds }kjk lek;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA
7) Payment - ;g ,d accounting voucher gSA uxn rFkk cSd ds ek/;e ls fd, x, leLr Hkqxrkuksa ds fy, bldk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
8) Purchase - ;g ,d accounting voucher gS gekjh company }kjk dh xbZ [kjhnnkjh ds fy, purchase voucher
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
9) Receipt - ;g ,d accounting voucher gS uxn vFkok cSad ds ek/;e ls izkIr leLr Hkqxrkuksa ds fy, receipt
voucher dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
10) Reversing Journal - ;g ,d accounting voucher gS ,slh entries ftudks foRrh; o"kZ ds var esa 'kq) fd;k tkrk
gS] ds fy, reversal Journal voucher dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
11) Sales - ;g ,d accounting voucher gS gekjh daiuh }kjk dh xbZ fcØh ds fy, bl voucher dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
* Inventory lwpuk,a & Inventory master rFkk fofHkUu ysu&nsuksa esa eky ds HkkSfrd vknku iznku ds records dks
[kkstdj O;ofLFkr djus ls lacaf/kr lwpuk,a inventory lwpuk,a dgykrh gSA
* Inventory masters fdlh Hkh stock item ls lacaf/kr lkekU; tkudkfj;ka tSls & item dk uke] item dh stock esa
ek=k] item esa ekius dh bdkbZ vkfn dks stock master vFkok inventory masters esa O;ofLFkr djds j[kk tkrk gSA
Tally esa fdlh Hkh company ds inventory O;oLFkkiu ls lacaf/kr fuEufyf[kr inventory masters
vko ;d gksrs gSA
* Trial Balance lHkh ekSfnzd ysu&nsuks ;k ?kVukvksa dks fofHkUu izdkj ds [kkrksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gSA fuf pr
le; varjkyksa ds ckn bu [kkrksa dk ,d fu/kkZfjr frfFk dks vafre vo ks"k (closing balance) fudkyk tkrk gSA blesa rhu
LraHk gksrs gS [kkrksa ds uke] ukes i{k dk vo ks"k ¼;fn [kkrs esa tek dh jkf k vf/kd gks rks½] tek i{k dk vo ks"k
* Bills & Invoice - ;g fdlh eky dh m/kkj [kjhn vkSj fcØh dk izHkko gksrk gSA m/kkj fcØh ds le; eky dk fcy
¼chtd½ rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA bl fcy esa xzkgd dk uke csps x, eky dk fooj.k] fcØh dh jkf k] NwV ¼;fn dksbZ gS ½ vkfn
fy[ks tkrs gSA bl fcy dh ewy izfr xzkgd dks Hksth tkrh gS vkSj nwljh izfr dks fcØh ds Hkkoh lanHkZ rFkk record ds fy,
lqjf{kr j[k fy;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj m/kkj [kjhn ds le; foØsrk ls izkIr gqvk fcy bl [kjhn dk izHkko gksrk gS ftls
invoice dgrs gSA
* Cash memo - ;g uxn ysu&nsuks ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tc fdlh oLrq ;k eky dh fcØh uxn dh tkrh gS a rks
O;kikjh mlds izdj.k ds :Ik esa cash memo nsrk gS ftldh nwljh izfr lqjf{kr j[kh tkrh gSA blh izdkj tc fdlh oLrq ;k
eky dh uxn [kjhnh dh tkrh gS rks foØsrk ls cash memo izkIr fd;k tkrk gSSA
* Deposit & withdrawal slip (tek ,oa fudklh iphZ) tc dksbZ xzkgd fdlh cSad ;k firm esa uxn jkf k tek djus
tkrk gS rks mls ,d form Hkjuk iM+rk gSA bl form ds nks Hkkx gksrs gS ftuesa ls ,d Hkkx dks cSad ;k firm vius record ds
fy, j[k ysrs gS vkSj nwljs Hkkx dks gLrk{kj djds jlhn ds :Ik esa xzkgd dks ykSVk nsrs gSA ;g jlhn gh tek iphZ dgykrh
gSA blhizdkj ftl iphZ ds }kjk xzkgd cSad ;k firm ls iSlk fudkyrk gSA og fudklh iphZ dgykrk gSA ;s nksuks ifpZ;ka
ysu&nsu dk izek.k vkSj voucher Hkh gksrh gSA
Meaning of some technical words
Return out ward = Purchase return
Return in ward = Sales return
Creditor = O;kikjh
Carriage in ward = eky eaxkrs le; fn;k tkus okyk HkkM+k
Carriage out ward = eky Hkstrs le; fn;k tkus okyk HkkM+k
Rent received = fdjk;k izkIr djuk
Discount allowed = NwV nsuk
Bill payable = nwljs ds }kjk bill gesa izkIr gksuk
Debtors = xzkgd
Discount received = NwV izkIr gksuk
Expenses = [kpZ
Bills paid = bill nsuk
Wages = etnwjh] esgurkuk
Investment = fdlh dke ds fy, iSlk [kpZ djuk
Interest on Investment = Invest fd, x, iSls ls C;kt izkIr djuk
Stock = lkeku
Bills receivable = nwljs dks bill nsuk
Bad debts = fdlh iSls dk Mwc tkuk
Key
F1 = select company
F1 = shut company
F2 = date
F2 = period
F3 = company
F3 = create company
select company
enter
2) F1(alt+f1) - shut company :- bldh help ls tally es open dh xbZ company dks shut (can) fd;k tkrk gSA
steps - press f1 (alt+f1)
enter
company can gks tk,xh
3) F2 - date :- current date dks change djus ds fy, f2 dk use fd;k tkrk gSA
steps - press f2
enter
4) F2 (alt+f2) :- bldh lgk;rk ls financial year ds period dks change fd;k tkrk gSA
steps - press alt+f2
5) F3 company tc ,d ls vf/kd company open gks vkSj mu [kqyh gqbZ daiuh esa ls gesa fdlh ,d esa dke djuk gks
rks f3 press djds company select djrs gSA
steps - press f3
6) (atl+F3) create company :- bldh help ls dbZ company open gksrs gq, Hkh new company create dj ldrs gSA
blds vykok Hkh vU; dk;Z fd, tk ldrs gS tks fuEu gSA
steps - press alt+f3
Company info
Select company
Shut company
Create company
Create group company
Alter
Quit
list of companies
;gkW ij company dk uke select djsa
enter
list of companies
;gkW ij company dk uke select djsa
enter
(iii) Create company igys ls open company ds jgrs gq, iqu% ubZ company create djus ds fy, bldk use fd;k
tkrk gSA
steps - Create company
(v) Alter fdlh cuh gqbZ company esa company cukrs le; esa gqbZ xyrh dks lq/kkjus ds fy, bldk use fd;k tkrk gSA
steps - Alter
List of companies ls company name select djds enter djsa ftruh company pkfg, blh rjg izfØ;k nksgjk,a
End of list
No djssa
gekjk dtZj destination ij igqWp tk,xk ;gkW ij ge company dk Backup tgkW j[kuk gSA mldk address type djsaxs
tSls C:\student
enter djrs gq, end of list djsa
Tally ls Quit djsa
vc ge company dks delete djsaxs rkfd mlds backup dk use fd;k tk ldsA
steps - My computer
Tally 5.44
Data
;gkW ij ge viuh daiuh okys uacj dks select djsa
Delete
F4 (alt +f4)
C:\student ;g address type djsa tgkW ij geus company dk backup j[kk FkkA
Address nsus ij list of companies okys box esa backup okyh companies dk uke vk tk,xk ftUgsa select djds enter
djsa vkSj end of list djas
Accept
Yes
Gateway of Tally
Delete dh xbZ company okil vk tk;sxhA
Account info
Inventory info
Voucher enter
Gateway of Tally Import of data
Balance sheet
Profit and loss a/c
Stock summary
Ratio analysis
Display
Multi account printing
Quit
(i) Account info ¼[kkrs dh tkudkjh ½ Account info esa Ledger esa tkdj single ledger }kjk ,d&,d djds vkSj
multiple ledger }kjk ,d lkFk ,d ls vf/kd account cuk;s tk ldrs gSaA
example (a) Account info
ledgers
single Ledger
Create
Name :
(alias) :
under :
Inventory value are affected :
Enter
Yes
(b) Account
Ledgers
Multiple Ledger
Create
Alter :- cus gq, ledgers esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, o mls delete djus ds fy,A
Note:- fdlh Hkh ledger dks delete djus ds fy, single ledger ds alter esa tkdj ml ledger dks open djds alt+d
button press djrs gSaA
(ii) Inventory info ¼ lkeku dh tkudkjh ½: blesa tkdj Øe k% stock group, unit of measures, stock item create fd;k tkrk
gSA
Inventory info
Stock groups
Stock items
Voucher types
Units of measure
Quit
a) Stock group :
Steps: Inventory info
Stock groups
Create (bl rjg ,d&,d djds single stock group rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gS)
vkSj ;fn
multiple stock groups
Create (rks ,d ls vf/kd stock groups ,d ckj esa cuk;s tk ldrs gSa)
Alter :- cus gq, stock group dks lq/kkjus ds fy, o delete djus ds fy,A
Note:- fdlh Hkh stock group dks delete djus ds fy, single stock group ds alter esa tkdj ml stock group dks
open djds alt+d button press djrs gSaA
b) Units of measure :
Units of measure
Create
Display
Alter
Quit
Steps Units of measure
Create
e.g. - Symbol: P
Enter
c) Stock items :
Step: Inventory info
Stock items
;gkW ij single stock item esa single stock & multiple stock item esa ,d ls vf/kd stock ,d ckj esa create fd, tkrs gSA
Display Item dks ns[kus ds fy,A
Alter Item dks lq/kkjus o delete djus ds fy,A
Note:- fdlh Hkh stock item dks delete djus ds fy, single stock item ds alter esa tkdj ml stock item dks open
djds alt+d button press djrs gSaA
Important Note:- Voucher Entry djus ls iwoZ gateway of tally esa jgrs gq, F11 button press djsaA
Integrate account and Inventory ? yes
Use debit/credit notes ? yes
,d box open gksxk bl box esa source esa name of item esa ge oks lkeku ysaxs ftls de djuk gS destination es og
item fy[ksaxs ftls c<+kuk gSA
(iv) Import of data - blds }kjk tally ds fdlh version esa cuh gqbZ company o mlds ledger, items o voucher
entry dks viuh company esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA
v) Balance sheet - blds }kjk gesa Liabilities - nkf;Ro (nsus okyk iSlk) o Assets - lEifRr ¼izkIr gksus okyk iSlk½ dh
tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA
Liabilities Assets
Capital a/c Fixed assets
Reserves & surplus (Retained earnings) Investments
Loans OD a/c (Bank OCC a/c) Current assets
Secured loans Bank a/c
Current Liabilities Cash-in-hand
Duties & taxes Deposits (assets)
Provisions Loans & Advance (assets)
Sundry creditors Stock-in-hand
Sundry debtors
vii) Stock Summary:- blds }kjk company ds stock dh lEiw.kZ tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
viii) Ratio Analysis:- blesa company ds eq[; account dh tkudjh iSls o ratio ds :i esa jgrh gSA
ix) Display:- bldh lgk;rk ls company dh iwjh tkudkjh foLrkj iwoZd izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
Note:- fdlh Hkh voucher entry dks delete djus ds fy, ml rd igqap dj atl+d button press djuk iM+rk gSA
x) Multi-Account Printing bl option ds }kjk ledger, item, voucher entry ls lEcfU/kr print out izkIr fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
Important Information:-
* Old Company ds ledger, stock group o stock item dks fdlh vU; o ubZ Company esa transfer djus dk
step:-
old company open djsa & Ledger & Alter & Ledger open djsa & F3 & New company select
djsa & Enter djds accept djsAa
geus ftl ledger dks alter fd;k gS og u;h company esa pyk tk,xkA blh fof/k ds vk/kkj ij items dks Hkh copy djds
nwljh company esa ys ldrs gSA
ix) Allow sales order processing :- ;fn gekjh company esa sales order dh processing dks Hkh vko';d iM+rh gS] rks
;gka ij yes vFkok no jgus nasA
* Account features (Operation/Alteration)
i) Maintain billwise details :- ;fn gekjh company ds accounts esa bill ds vuqlkj details dks Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkuk gS
rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
ii) Maintains cost centers :- ;fn gekjh company ds accounts esa cost center dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkuk gS vFkkZr~ fdlh
fcUnq vFkok fo'ks"k iz;kstu ij fd, x, [kpksZ dks iznf'kZr fd;k tkuk gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
(More than one cost category) :- ;fn gekjh company ds fy, ,d ls vf/kd cost categories dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk
gS rks yes vFkok no jgus nasA
iii) Use Rev. Journal & optinal vouchers :- ;fn ge viuh company ds accounts esa reverse journal vouchers
dh lqfo/kk dk iz;ksx djuk pkgrs gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
Reverse Journal vouchers, memorandum vouchers ls fHkUu rFkk journal vouchers ds leku
gh gksrs gS ijUrq budks vko';drk iM+us ij vius fu;fer accounts esa lfEefyr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
iv) Use Debit/Credit notes :- ;fn ge company ds accounts esa debit rFkk credit notes lqfo/kk dk iz;ksx djuk
pkgrs gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
v) Use Invoice mode for credit notes :- ;fn ge company ds accounts esa credit notes dks invoice dh formate
esa mi;ksx djuk pkgrs gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nasA
vi) Use Invoice mode for debit notes :- ;fn ge company ds accounts esa debit notes dks invoice dh formate
esa mi;ksx djuk pkgrs gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
vii) Activate interest calculation :- ;fn gekjh company loan accounts dh 'ks"k /ku jkf'k ij C;kt dh x.kuk djuk
pkgrh gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
(Use advanced parameters) :- ;fn gekjh company dks loan accounts dh 'ks"k /kujkf'k ij C;kt dh x.kuk djus ds
fy, mUur y{k.k dh vko';drk gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nasA
viii) Income/Expense Statement instead of P & L :- ;fn gekjh company ds accounts esa profit & loss
statement dks LFkku ij Income/Expense statement dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nasA
ii) Maintain Batch-wise details :- ;fn gekjh company dh inventory esa stock items dh tkudkjh muds batch ds
vk/kkj ij dh tkuh gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nasA
;g lqfo/kk fofHkUu mRiknu companies tSls& nokbZ;ka cukus okyh company, Garments cukus okyh
daiuh vkfn ds fy, vR;ar mi;ksxh gSA
(Set expiry dates for batches) :- ;fn gekjh company dh inventory esa stock item ds Batch ds lkFk&lkFk mudh
expiry date dh Hkh tkudkjh j[kh tkrh gS rks yes vFkok no jgus nasA
iii) Maintain multiple godowns :- ;fn gekjh company dh inventory ds fy, ,d ls vf/kd xksnkeksa dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkuk gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
iv) Use Tracking Number :- ;fn gekjh company dh inventory esa ,d company ls nwljh company esa stock
items invoice ds fcuk delivery notes ij gh foLFkkfir fd, tkus gS rks ;gka ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
v) Use Rejection Notes - ;fn gekjh company dh inventory esa Rejected items ds fy, vyx ls records j[kk
tkuk gS rks ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
vi) Use different actual & billed Quantity :- ;fn gekjh company ds accounts ds bills esa items dh la[;k rFkk
okLrfod la[;k esa fdlh varj dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk gS] tSls& gekjh daiuh us 10 items dh [kjhn ij ,d items eq¶r nsus
dh ;kstuk cuk;h gS rks fcy 10 items dk curk gS ijUrq stock esa 11 items de gksrs gS rc ;gkW ij yes vFkok no jgus nsaA
Jurnal Entry ( F7 )
Ladger Name Under
Stock wastage A/c Current Assets
Inventry vakue are effected - Yes
Stock wastage A/c dk use stock item ds VqVus QwVus ;k [kjkc gks tkus ij fd;k tkrk gSA
uksV% stock item ds VqVus QwVus ;k [kjkc gks tkus ij Hkh Profit gks ldrk gS ;fn leku dk chek ;k ojkaVh gksA
Profit gksus ij Dr - Stock wastage A/c Loss gksus ij Dr - Prodit & Loss
Cr - Prodit & Loss Cr - Stock wastage A/c
Godown Mantain
F11 Press djds maintain multiple Godown dks Yes djsaxs
'kq# es lHkh Stock item, Godown es Main location ds vanj gksrs gS
ns[kus ds fy, & Display _ Statements of Inventry _ Godown _ Main location es tk,sxsA
;fn Main location dks Rename djuk gS ;k u, Godown Creat djuk gS rks Inventry Info _ Gowon es tk,saxs
Main location ls Stock Item dks nqljs Godown es ys tkus ds fy, Stock Journal ( Alt F7 ) dk use djsaxsA
vc dksbZ Hkh Item Sale djus ij iwNsxk fd fdl Godown ls Sale djuk gSA
iqjkuh compony dks ubZ compony es Convert djus ds fy, && Alt F3 (Split Compony Data)
tSls 2012 dh Compony gS] 1 vizSy 2013 yxus ij ogh compony update gks tk,xh
Date
12-April-09 - 186000 #] dkleku Akash Electronics ls Purchase fd;kA
LG 20 - 4 - 6500/- 26,000/-
BPL 28 - 5 - 15000/- 75,000/-
BPL1200ml - 5 - 9000/- 45000/-
LG21 - 5 - 8000/- 40000/-
1,86,000/-
Transport Charge 450/-#] Payment fd;kA
12-April-09 - 1,50,000/- #] Akash Electronics dks Payment fd;kA
15-April-09 - 19,000/- #] dk leku Sale fd;kA
LG 20 - 1 8000/- 8000/-
BPL1200ml - 1 11,000/- 11,000/-
19,000/-
08-May-09 - 20,000/- dk Akash Ele. ds uke ij D.D.cuokdj Hkstk ftlesa 40/- Bank
D.D. Charge o 10/- #] Posting Charge yxkA
10-May-09 - 60,000/-#] dk leku Aman dks 10% Discount esa cspkA
BPL 20 - 3 - 8000/- 24,000/-
LG 20 - 2 - 8000/- 16,000/-
LG 21 - 2 - 10,000/- 20,000/-
60,000/-
10-May-09 - Aman us 50,000/- fn;kA
13 July Paras shop ls 4000/- ,oa Shyam Aata Chakki ls 400/- izIr fd;kA
15 July Phone Bill 500/-, Shop Rxp. 20/- o Newspaper Bill 80/- payment fd;kA
17 July 1500/-S.B.I.(Bank) & 1500/- P.N.B.(Bank) esa tek fd;kA
22 July Sudheer Kirana Store dks leku 4% Discount essa Sale fd;kA
Sonam 2Q 1800/- 3600
Sarvati 1Q20Kg 18/- 2160
Rahar Dal 25Kg 40/- 1000
6760/
25 July 2400/- paras Shop, 500/- Shyam Aata Chakki, Sudheer Kirana Store ls 7000/- #i;k izkIr gqvkA
10 August 10000/- R.K. Mill dks payment fd;kA
12 August Nice Oil Mill jabalpur ls purchase fd;k 10% discount ijA
Kalash Oil 15 Tin 1700/- 25500/-
Nuture Oil 20 Tin 1500/- 30000/-
55500/-
27 August Amit dks 2000/-, Hasan dks 2000/-,Vishal dks 3000/- Salary payment fd;kA
Direct/Indirect expence
Exmpale :
;fn ge Raipur ls lkeku [kjhn jgs gS vkSj lkeku ds fcy ds lkFk Transport Charge( HkkM+k ½ Hkh tqM+k gqvk gS rks
Transport Charge - Direct Expense gksxkA
vkSj
;fn lkeku ds fcy ds lkFk Transport Charge ugh tqMk+ gqvk gS] Transport Charge ge vyx ls Paid djrs gS rks
Transport Charge Indirect Expense gksxkA
ge dksbZ lkeku [kjhn jgs gS vkSj gesa Discount fey jgk gS rks ml Discount dh Entry ;fn fcy esa gks jgh gS rks
Discount Received - Indirect Income gksxkA
vkSj
;fn ml Discount dh Entry fcy esa ugh gks jgh gS vyx ls Discount fn;k tk jgk gS rks Discount Received -
Direct Income gksxkA