Basic Operation Electrical - Total - Eng - Prot PDF

Muara Tawar, Indonesia
IDS306
6 x SSC5-2000E
Basic Operation Training

Electrical – and I&C – Part
Vol. 1-
1 Introduction
Muara Tawar
2 Electrical Supply
IDS306
3 Generator (TLRI)
Basic
Operation 4
Generator Circuit Breaker (GCB) &
Training Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPB)
Start-up Frequency Converter (SFC) /

5
Static Excitation Equipment (SEE)
Electrical -
and - I&C - 6 Transformer
Part
7 Electrical Protection & Synchronization
Vol. 1- 8 Medium/Low Voltage Switchgear
9 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
10 Emergency Diesel Generator
11 Operation & Monitoring (OM650)
12 I&C Automation System (AS620)
Turbine Controller (SIMADYN) &

13
Protection Systems (S5-95F)
14 Diagrams & Functions (ES680)
15 Monitoring & Analysis Systems

Please Note !
§ This manual contains the essential information of the project.

Together with the trainer’s presentation and the participant’s
individual notes it will become a helpful personal reference
book.
§ Please use the reverse sides of the sheets for your personal
notes.
§ This training documentation is based on the actual project

progress and will not be revised.
§ This documentation is delivered as a support for the training

lessons and is for information only. The documents issued for
the project will supercede this documentation in case of any
discrepancy.
§ For more detailed information please refer to the project

documentation (product manuals, operating manuals, etc.)
Center of Competence – Energy Solutions / 2015

Welcome …
… to your power plant training
Siemens Center of Competence – Energy Solutions
Web: product-training.siemens.com/power-academy
E-mail: power-plant-training.energy@siemens.com
Chapter 1
Introduction
Muara Tawar GTPP / IDS306, Copyright © Siemens AG 2015 /Center of Competence- Energy Solutions
Introduction
Table of contents:
Page
1. Basic configuration 02
2. The 5 Safety Rules 06
3. KKS (Power Plant Identification System) 16
4. Siemens Documentation Structure 31

01 - 1
1. Basic Configuration
Introduction
Muara Tawar GTPP / IDS306, Copyright © Siemens AG 2015 /Center of Competence- Energy Solutions 01 - 2
Gas Turbine Power Plant (Simple Cycle)
SGT5 - 2000E – Typical Arrangement
Siemens Gas Turbines:

From 5 MW to 340 MW for 50 Hz or 60 Hz grids
SGT5-8000H 340
SGT5-4000F 287
Figures in MW
SGT6-6000G 267
SGT6-5000F 200
SGT5-3000E 191
SGT6-4000F 187
SGT5-2000E 168
SGT6-3000E 121
SGT6-2000E 113
SGT-1000F 68
Industrial gas turbines as well as
SGT-800 47 for power generation in large scale plants
SGT-700 30 Industrial gas turbines
SGT-600 25
SGT-500 17 SGT = Siemens Gas Turbine
SGT-400 13 5 / 6 = 50Hz / 60Hz
-1000…8000 = Power output class
SGT-300 8
E…..H = Efficiency class
SGT-200 7
SGT-100 5
01 - 5
2. The 5 Safety Rules
Introduction
Introduction
! Danger ! Electric Current !
Work on electrical plant of steam/gas turbine may be performed solely by trained

and qualified electrical specialists or by other staff under the direction and
supervision of an electrical specialist in conformity with the relevant electrical
installation regulations.
The electrical equipment of the steam turbine/generator should be inspected

regularly. Defects should be repaired immediately.
The following the 5 safety rules must be observed prior to commencement of

any work whatsoever on the electrical equipment ( ≥ 50 Vac, ≥ 120 Vdc).
01 - 7
Introduction
The 5 Safety Rules

1. Disconnect completely
§ Isolate all live parts on which work is to be carried out.
§ In the case of switchgear with rated voltages > 1 kV,

establish the necessary isolating, e.g. Isolators, load-break switches,
fused isolators.
§ It is not sufficient to arrange a specific time for

isolating the switchgear.
§ The correct procedure is to wait for confirmation that the switchgear has been isolated.
§ The fact that no voltage is applied cannot be regarded to such confirmation.

01 - 9
The 5 Safety Rules

2. Secure against re-connection
§ While work is in progress, an instruction plate must be

fitted to operating handles of switching and control devices,
fuses, miniature circuit breakers or similar equipment, by
means of which equipment has been isolated or can be made live.
§ In some cases, it may suffice to place a warning sign near the equipment.
Warning sign : Do not switch! Work in progress.
§ The isolated equipment should be protected against being

made live again inadvertently or automatically,
e.g. by interrupting the control supply.
§ Keep the operating levers and handles of hand operated

mechanisms in a safe place.
§ Padlocks should also be fitted where applicable.

01 - 10
The 5 Safety Rules

3. Test absence of voltage
§ Care must be taken to verify that the equipment at the place
of work is dead.
§ Voltage testers must be suitable and adequately marked for
the particular voltage.
§ For low-voltage applications (< 1000V), use two-pole voltage testers
or portable measuring devices complying with the requirements for
Multi-function
voltage testers. voltage tester < 1000V
§ For high-voltage applications, single-pole-testers should be used

(double-pole units may only be employed as phase comparators).
§ The use of voltage testers combined with tools is not permitted.
§ Multi-function instruments must not be used in high-energy systems
§ Voltage testers for switchgear above 1 kV must be of the single-pole
type. Moreover, they must not have any moving cables or similar
facilities for connection to earth or other poles.
§ The testers should be checked for proper functioning by applying them
to live equipment before and after the test.
01 - 11
Single pole tester > 1000V

The 5 Safety Rules

1.Check for proper operation of the voltage tester 2. Voltage tester on reference
voltage.
Red LED flashing
3. Check “dead” line. 4. Voltage tester on reference

voltage
Green LED flashing Red LED flashing

01 - 12
The 5 Safety Rules

4. Earthing and short-circuiting
§ The parts to be worked on should first be earthed and then short-circuited at a point within visual
range of the place of work.
§ If the earthing and short-circuiting point cannot be seen from the place
of work (e.g. motor terminal boxes, transformers with blanked-off or
fanged terminations), earth and short-circuit the parts at the nearest
switching point.
§ Overhead lines from 1 to 30 kV should additionally be earthed and short-circuited

at one switch-off point, and those over 30 kV at each switch-off point (risk of
voltages induced by parallel lines or atmospheric disturbances).
When working on a interruption point, earth and short-circuit both sides
(e.g. overhead lines, cables, risk of reverse voltage).
01 - 13
The 5 Safety Rules

5. Protection against adjacent live parts
§ Should there be a risk of anyone inadvertently touching

adjacent live parts (e.g. with tools, ladders, frame sections)
when carrying out work on isolated parts of the electrical
equipment, these live parts must be isolated as well.
§ If it proves impossible to isolate all the adjacent parts

in accordance with the four above-mentioned safety
rules, the adjacent live parts must be protected against Protection by covering
accidental contact by fitting sufficiently robust and reliable
insulating covers barriers or other similar devices.
01 - 14
Protection by barriers
Limits of the approach zone

§ The approved approach (safe distance,
approach zone) must not be undercut.
§ The following safe distances apply for

operations of electrical technicians or
electro-technically instructed persons
and accordingly for under their
supervision performed operations.
§ The following safe distances apply for

construction works and other
non-electrical works nearby live
devices.
01 - 15
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

Safety helmet and face shield:
Insulation capability up to AC 1000 V or DC 1500 V.
The skin of the helmet must be sealed
– ventilation holes are not permitted.
Dimensional and lateral stability in heat:
Min. + 500 °C
Protective clothing
Cotton with flame retardant treatment, e.g.
§ Secan
§ Proban
§ Nomex
01 - 16
Identification System
Power Plant
2. KKS
Power Plant Identification System
-
KKS -
Purpose of KKS
The Identification System for Power Stations „KKS“ (Kraftwerks Kennzeichen System)
serves to:
§ identify plants
§ sections of plants
§ items of equipment
in any type of power station, according to:
§ task
§ type
§ location
It is to be used by all engineering disciplines for
§ planing
§ licensing
§ construction
§ operation and maintenance
01 - 18
Requirements on KKS
Requirements on KKS:
§ Uniform identification for all types of power station and any connected processes
§ Sufficient capacity and detail for identification of all system, components and structures
§ Consistent identification for planning, licensing, construction, operation, maintenance and waste
management
§ Consideration of national and international standards
§ Non-language-based coding to ensure international usability
§ Application in computer processing

01 - 19
Types of identification codes

Process-related identification
§ Process-related identification of systems and items of equipment according to their functions in

mechanical, civil, electrical and control and instrumentation engineering
Location identification
§ Identification of locations in structures, on floors and in rooms and also of fire areas and
topographical stipulations (surface area grid)
Point of installation identification
§ Identification of points of installation of electrical and control and Instrumentation devices in

installation units (e.g. in cabinets, panels, consoles)
01 - 20
Process related identification

Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Total Plant System Code Equipment Component Total Plant System Code Equipment Component
Unit Code Code Unit Code Code
3 1MBV10 CP001 QP001 3 1MBV10 CP001 QP001

Unit 3 Lubricant Pressure Measuring Unit 3 Lubricant Pressure Measuring
Supply System Instrument Supply System Instrument
01 - 21
Process related identification

Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Total Plant System Code Equipment Component Total Plant System Code Equipment Component
Unit Code Code Unit Code Code
3 1MBV10 CP001 QP001 3 1MBV10 CP001 QP001

Unit 3 Lubricant Pressure Measuring Unit 3 Lubricant Pressure Measuring
Supply System Instrument Supply System Instrument
01 - 22
Normal level
Example for Component Code
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
Total Plant Structure Code Room Code Total Plant Structure Code Room Code
3 1UBA02 04 3 1UBA02 04
Unit 3 Switchgear Room 4 Unit 3 Switchgear Room 4
Building 1, Floor 2 Building 1, Floor 2
01 - 24
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
Total Plant Structure Code Room Code
3 1UBA02 04
Unit 3 Switchgear Room 4
Building 1, Floor 2
Room 4
Room 3
Room 1
Room 2
01 - 25
Point of installation identification
The mounting space code, which is preceded by a full

stop symbol, specifies the exact installation location
by means of coordinates.
The coordinates are established in the following

manner:
The height of a mounting space, for instance, in a
control cabinet, is divided into several identically sized
installation levels. Each installation level is identified
with a letter from top to bottom beginning with A. This
letter specifies the first position in the coordinate. It is
highlighted in orange In the graphic.
If an installation level is divided horizontally, these

divisions are likewise assigned letters, also beginning
with the letter A. This letter specifies the second
position in the coordinate; it is highlighted in green in
the graphic.
The three characters identify the slot in an installation

level and are numbered from left to right beginning with
001
01 - 26
Use of KKS in Interconnection Diagrams
Use of KKS in Logic Diagrams (FUP)
Use of KKS in P&I Diagrams (P&ID)
Advanced use of KKS in P&IDs (for measurements)
-Temperature measurement
-Indication
-Registration
-Alarming
-Protection (trip) on >max (Z+)
(1)
(2)
(3)
01 - 30
Documentation Structure
3. Siemens
Documentation Structure
Overall documentation structure
Overall documentation structure

Operating Manual (Overall Plant) - TO
The Operating Manual contains necessary information for the staff operating the power plant as overall plant.
Operating & Maintenance Documentation - TP
The Operating & Maintenance Documentation comprises technical documents and data required for the
description of :
§ the set-up and functioning of power plant components and systems
§ the operation and maintenance.
Erection & Commissioning Manuals - TE
Compilation of requirements for the :
§ Civil engineering
§ Initial erection and
§ Initial commissioning of power plants or power plant components.
The manuals are prepared for the customer according to Siemens Energy scope of supply and services, where
appropriate, including the documents from contractors.
Site Documentation – TS
The site documentation comprises :
§ the proofs
§ Protocols
§ Certificates
arising during initial erection and initial commissioning in the form of quality records.
The structuring characteristics are the same as those for the operating & maintenance manuals.
01 - 33
Documentation sections
Operation & Maintenance manual identification

10/20 .KKS… TP 8. 02+
File Ident
Volume comprises several files,

here: 3rd file, at least 1 more file follows
stands for mechanical systems and
components
means "Operation and maintenance

manual"
Manual Group Ident
T = Technical Customer
Documentation
Volume Ident
KKS identifies volumes including possible

redundancies
Note:
QC-Documentation may be issued as a "separate
Volume" of the component manual Identification:
10/20 . KKS . TP8 . QC . 03+
MK
Drawing packages may be issued as "separate Generator
volumes" (e.g.: "ready for construction" or "As-
built").
Identification:
10/20 . KKS . TP8 . DWG . 03+ or
10/20 . KKS . TP8 . ASB . 03+
10/20.MK.TP4.02+
Unit Ident
here: manual (volume) for identical

components installed in Units 10
01 - 35
and 20
Chapter 2
Electrical Supply
Muara Tawar GTPP / IDS306, Copyright © Siemens AG 2015 / Center of Competence- Energy Solutions
General
§ The project Muara Tawar Project is an Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
which comprises 6 gas turbine units devided in two groups (31/32/33 and 41/42/43) with a total
power output of approx. 860 MW.
§ Each Unit consists of one Gas Turbine (V94.2 (6) - SGT5-2000E) coupled with an air cooled
Generator (TLRI 115/36 - SGen5-1000A)
§ This document describes the power plant auxiliary power system and its operation modes on the
basis of the electrical Single Line Diagrams (SLD) IDS306-YU02-708101 & - .. 708102
(UNID: 400555261 & 400555292) with regard to the individual components on all voltage levels, their
interconnections and the different operating modes.
§ For comprehensive understanding, also some components supplied by others are described in this
document. For binding information for such components, please refer to the respective
documentation.
02 - 1
List of Abbreviations for Electrical & Instrumentation and Control

AC Alternating Current GT Gas Turbine PSS Power System Stabilizer
AI Analog Input GTCS Gas Turbine Cobntrol System RF Radio Frequency
AO Analog Output GTG Gas Turbine Generator S/D Shut-Down
APD Automatic Paralleling Device HMI Human Machine Interface S/U Start-Up
APF Automation Processor Fail-Safe HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator (Boiler) SCB System Circuit Breaker
AS Automation Server HSBTS High-Speed-Busbar-Transfer-System SCR Synchro-Check-Relay
ASD Alarm Sequence Display HV High Voltage SEE Static Excitation Equipment
ATS Automatic Transfer System HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning SETP Setpoint
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator HW Hardware SF6 Sulfur Hexafluorid
BOP Balance Of Plant I&C Instrumentation & Control SFC Start-Up Frequency Converter
BSD / BSDG Black Start Diesel Generator I/O Input/Output SGC Sub-Group-Control
C/O Change-Over IGV Inlet Guide Vane SLC Sub-Loop-Control
CB Circuit Breaker IPB Isolated Phase Busduct SLD Single-Line_Diagram
CCR Central Control Room KVM Keyboard-Video-Mouse SOE Sequence Of Events
CEMS Continous Emission Monitoring System LAN Local Area Network SOV Solenoid Valve
CO Crude Oil LCC Line-Current-Converter ST Steam Turbine
CPU Central Processing Unit LCR Local Control Room SWGR Switchgear
CT Current Transformer LDC Load Dispatch Center TCS Turbine Control System T3000
CV Control Valve LED Light Emitting Diode TE Turbine End
DC Direct Current LSC Line-Side-Converter UAT Unit Auxilliary Transformer
DCM Digital Control Module LV Low Voltage UCB Unit Circuit Breaker
DCS Digital Control System (e.g. Simatic S7) MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
DI Digital Input MCC Motor Current Converter / Motor Control Center VM Vibration Monitoring
DO Digital Output MOV Motorized Valve VPI Vacuum Pressure Impregnaiion
EDG / EMDG Emergency Diesel Generator MSC Motor Side Converter VT Voltage Transformer
EE Exciter End MV Medium Voltage
ELOP Emergency Lube Oil Tank NG Natural Gas
ESV Emergency Stop Valve O/S Over Speed
FMS Fatigue Monitoring System OLTC On-Load Tab Changer
FO Fuel Oil / Fibre Optic OTC Outlet Temperature Calculated
FODS Foreign Object Detection System PCC Power Control Center (Container)
GC Group Control PD Partial Discharge
GCB Generator Circuit Breaker PDC Power Diagnostic Center
GEN Generator PG Pilot Gas
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear PMO Premix Operation
02 - 2
GPS Global Positioning System PO Pilot Gas Operation

500kV Connection *AAY* & *AAB*

§ For power transmission to the grid the turbine
generator is connected to the LV terminals of the
generator transformer *BAT01* via enclosed
three-phase isolated phase bus ducts (IPB).
§ For each Turbine Generator (*MKA) a

Circuit Breaker (GCB) *BAC01*, installed in the IPB,
enables isolation of the generator and is the standard
circuit breaker (CB) for synchronizing the generator
to the grid.
§ The HV terminals of the generator transformers (*BAT01*)

are connected to the two 500kV High-Voltage busbars
7BBA & 7BBB, in a 2 circuit breaker variant
(*AAY07GB700* or *AAB07GB700*) via overhead lines.
§ GT 33 as well 43 are connected via a two-winding generator

transformer (33/43BAT01) to the 500-kV switchyard
02 - 5
Power Supply High Voltage (OM650)
Unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT) *BBT01*

§ The auxiliary power systems of the gas turbines
and the common part are supplied by unit auxiliary
transformers (UAT) *31/33/41/43BBT01*, which
are connected to the 15,75kV Isolated Phase Bus
Duct (IPB) between the Generator Circuit Breaker
(GCB) *BAC01GS001* and the LV side of the
generator transformer *BAT01*:
§ UAT *31BT01*
BBT01 supplies power to GT Units #31/32
§ UAT *33BT01*
BBT01 supplies power to GT Unit #33
§ UAT *42BT01*
BBT01 supplies power to GT Unit #41/42
§ UAT *43BT01*
BBT01 supplies power to GT Unit #43
§ The LV side of the UAT is connected via cable to the

6kV- MV- switchgear *BBE*
§ For start-up of the generating unit the auxiliary
power supply to the 6kV-MV-switchgear *BBE* is directly fed from
the 500kV-grid via the generator transformer *BAT01*
and the UAT *BBT01* with the Generator Circuit Breaker
(GCB) *BAC01GS001* open.
02 - 7
6 kV AC Medium Voltage (MV) Switchgear *BBE*

The secondary windings of the unit auxiliary transformer *BBT01* is connected to the 6 kV MV
switchgears *31/33/41/43BBE* and supplies the following components:
§ Start-up Frequency Converters 31/33/43CJT01 via the SFC transformer 31/33/43MBJ01
§ Static Excitation System *CJT01 via the excitation transformer *MKC01
§ LV switchgear *BFE and *BME via the LV transformers *BFT01
§ Fuel Oil Injection Pumps *MBN12AP001
§ LV switchgears 01/02BHA for the redundant power supply of the Fuel Oil Treatment Plant via the LV
transformers 01/02BHT01 connected to 31/41BBE
02 - 8
400V LV Distribution System

§ Each GT LV-switchgear *BFE/BME is connected to the corresponding MV switchgear
31/33/41/43BBE via LV transformers *BFT01.
§ The common LV switchgear 01BHA/BMA is connected to MV switchgear 31BBE* via LV transformer
*01BHT01* and is dedicated to units 31/32/33
§ The common switchgear *02BHA/BMA* is connected to MV switchgear 41BBE* via LV transformer
*02BHT01* and is dedicated to units 41/42/43
The following auxiliary systems are fed from the LV system:

§ Black Boxes
§ Motors
§ Actuators
§ Static inverters (bypass)
§ Panel and Motor heaters
§ Battery Chargers
§ Lighting and small power
§ HVAC systems
02 - 9
400V AC LV Switchgear *BFE*, *BME & *01/02BMA/BHA*

The Common as well as the GT Unit LV-switchgears are separated into two sections:
§ The LV switchgears *BFE* and 01/02BHA are defined as ‘normal power supply’ for normal electrical
consumers.
§ The LV switchgears *BME* and 01/02BMA is defined as ‘essential power supply’ for critical
consumers, which require power supply during shut down after an emergency case e.g. loss of grid
for turning operation for cooling down of the turbine/generator set.
§ The LV switchgears *BME* and 01/02BMA are equipped with two electrically operable incoming
circuit breakers:
§ coupling circuit breaker *BME00GS001 (“NC”) between *BFE* and *BME*
§ incoming circuit breaker *01/02BMA*GS* (“NO”) from Common Emergency Busbar *BMA*
§ coupling circuit breaker *01/02BHA00GS001 (“NC”) between *BHA* and *BMA*
§ incoming circuit breaker *01/02XKA11GS001 (“NO”) from Emergency Diesel Generator *XKA11*
02 - 10
400V AC LV Switchgear *BME* & *01/02BMA*

§ During standard operating conditions the tie feeders between BFE/BHA and BMA/BME are closed
§ In case of less than 80% (< 320V) rated voltage at *BME* for a minimum duration of 2 seconds, the
coupling breaker *BME00GS001* opens, the incoming feeder 01/02BMA*GS* is closed
- in case there is power on Common Emergency busbar 01/02BMA.
§ In case of less than 80% (< 320V) rated voltage at 01/02BMA for a minimum duration of 2 seconds,
the coupling breaker *BHA00GS001* opens and the Emergency Diesel Generator *XKA11 is started
automatically.
After readyness of the EDG the incoming feeder *XKA11GS001 is closing automatically
§ If the power supply is re-established and the voltage level at *BFE* is above 90% (>360V AC) for a
minumum duration of 2 seconds the undervoltage status will go.
§ A back-synchronization of the EDG needs to be initiated manually by the operator.
02 - 11
MV/LV Switchgear (OM650)
220V DC Switchgears *BUB/BUC*

§ Each GT as well as the common part are equipped with a 220V DC systems. The 220-V DC system
provides power for designated consumers (e.g. emergency oil pumps, protection, control voltage,
inverter mains).
§ The 220V DC system for each unit consists of 2x100% battery chargers *BTL10/20*, connected to
one 100% battery *BTA10* and two associated 220V DC switchgears *BUB* and *BUC*.
§ Each switchgear is separately supplied by one of the two battery chargers *BTL10 and *BTL20.
§ During normal operation the coupling breaker between *BUB* and *BUC* is open to maintain the
redundancy of the 220V DC control voltage.
§ The circuit breakers and isolators of the DC system are manually operated types except the feeders
for the emergency lube oil pumps for the GT’s (MBV21AP003), which are controlled by the Teleperm
XP automation system as well as by hardwired lube oil pressure switch.
The following auxiliary systems are fed from the

220V DC switchgear BUB and BUC:
§ Emergency Lube Oil Pump *MBV21AP003
§ Solenoid valves for GT fuel systems
§ Control supplies of the switchgears, control and
protection cubicles
§ Static inverter (*BRU01/02)
02 - 13
§ DC/DC converters (*BUK01/02)


Earth Fault Monitoring
§ Each measuring compartment of the 220V DC switchgear *BUB/BUC* is equipped with an
isolation/earth fault monitoring device.
§ In case the two DC switchgear sections of a GT are connected in parallel by the 220 V DC coupling,
only one of the two isolation monitoring should be in monitoring operation mode due to the galvanic
linked L-interconnection.
§ The remaining device will be automatically put out of service until manual initiation.
§ With the manual initiation the measuring compartment will issue a switch-off signal to the isolation
monitoring device which was in monitoring mode before as long as both switchgear sections are
interconnected.
NO
02 - 14

In order to determine and isolate a faulty circuit, the operating staff should take immediate action
when the DC isolation fault alarm appears.
The negative bus bars (L-) of the switchgears BUB and BUC are interlinked by cable connection
BUB00 GS100 to prevent the doubling of voltage at the infeed of loads which are decoupled by
diodes with subsequent damaging of the connected devices in case of double earth fault
condition. This L- connection always remains closed, except for a short time in case that an
earth fault has to be localized.
02 - 15
Power Distribution
Double infeed – No fault 1 Earth fault
220V 220V 220V 220V

Power supply 1 Power supply 2 Power supply 1 Power supply 2
L+ L+ L+ L+
L- L- L- L-
L+ L+
L- L-
220V No change in 220V
Supply for cubicle Supply for cubicle
02 - 16
Power Distribution
2 Earth faults Equivalent circuit diagram
220V 220V 220V 220V

L+ L+ L+ L+
L- L- L- L-
Both batteries in series:

consumers are destroyed
L+ L+
L- L-
220V 220V+220V = 440V !!
02 - 17
Power Distribution
L- Connection – 2 Earth faults Equivalent cuircuit diagram
220V 220V 220V 220V

L+ L+ L+ L+
L- L- L- L-
Short cuircuit for

the involved
feeder: consumers
are protected
L+ L+
L- L-
220V 220V
02 - 18
Battery charger *BTL10/20* & Battery *BTA10*

§ The battery chargers *BTL10/20 provide the normal DC power supply via the switchgears to the
designated consumers, while charging the associated battery *BTA* simultaneously.
§ On loss of AC voltage and subsequent start of the EDG *XKA11*, the battery charger connected to
the emergency section will take over the supply of the DC loads, and the discharge time of the
battery will not be longer than approximately 30 seconds.
§ In case of a loss of the AC power supply the essential DC loads will be fed from the battery *BTA10*
without interruption.
§ The battery is designed such that the time varying discharge current resulting from the static and
dynamic loads can be supplied for 1 hour. This covers all the DC loads required for a save shut down
of the power station in case of a total black out.
§ After shut-down of the turbine train due to a loss of AC supply, the battery is partly unloaded.
As soon as the AC supply is again available, it is recommended to boost-charge the battery in order
to shorten the battery charging duration.
§ Boost charging of a battery while the turbine is running, i.e. battery and one of the chargers
disconnected and simultaneously feeding the disconnected DC loads with the second charger,
is not allowed.
§ The circuit breakers and isolators of the DC system are manually operated types except the feeder
for the emergency lube oil pump, which is controlled by the automation system Teleperm XP as well
as by hardwired process demand (lube oil pressure switch)^.
02 - 19
Battery charger *BTL10/20*

Boost Charging:
When the associated GT is shut down, boost charging of the battery with charger *BTL10 or charger
*BTL20 is possible after manual isolation of the respective charger and battery from the DC loads using
the associated disconnecting switches installed in the DC switchgear:
§ Precondition for boost charging:
§ the turbine/generator set is shut down
§ both chargers are connected to the battery in parallel and connected to corresponding switchgear tie
feeder BUB-BUC located in BUB is open
§ Boost charging via BTL10:

§ closing of tie feeder BUB-BUC
§ manual isolation of battery charger BTL10 from
the DC loads by opening of the disconnecting switch
§ opening of BTA10 GS020 (located in BTL20) or 33BTA10 33BTA10
GS010 GS020
§ Boost charging via BTL20:

§ closing of tie feeder BUB-BUC
§ manual isolation of battery charger BTL20 from
the DC loads by opening of the disconnecting switch
§ opening of BTA10 GS010 (located in BTL10)
02 - 20
24V DC Power Supply of the I&C Cabinets *BUK01/02*

§ The 24V DC system is powered via 2x100%
redundant DC/DC converters *BUK01/02*.
§ The cubicles are supplied from the associated
220V DC switchgear sections *BUB (feeds
*BUK01) and *BUC (feeds *BUK02).
§ The circuit breakers and isolators of the 24V
DC system are of manually operated types.
§ During normal operation the coupling breaker
between *BUB* and *BUC* is open to maintain
the redundancy of the 220V DC control
voltage.
02 - 21
230V AC Uninterruptible Power Supply*BRU01/02*

Inverter *01BRU01/02*
§ Essential AC consumers which are sensitive to short power failures, e.g. main DCS computers, are
powered from the 230-V AC UPS system *01BRU01* and *01BRU02*. This system is fed from the
220-V DC system via an inverter, which provides a regulated singlephase 230-V AC supply.
§ The inverter is also provided with static bypass switch to the normal/emergency low voltage system.
Inverter *31-41BRU01*
§ Each GT can be locally controlled from the related PCC. The O&M system is power supplied by its
own UPS system *31-41BRU01*.
02 - 22
DC/UPS System (OM650)
DC/UPS System (OM650)
Operating Modes
GT Unit Start-up
§ For normal start-up of the units the electrical auxiliary power supply to the 6kV unit switchgear *BBE*
is directly fed from the 500kV HV grid via generator transformer *BAT01* and unit auxiliary
transformer *BBT01* with the generator circuit breaker (GCB) *BAC01GS001* open.
§ Prior to starting GT, the associated 6kV *BBE* and 400V auxiliary power systems have to be
energized, as well as the excitation system and the DC systems.
Additionally the MV, LV and DC circuit of the associated common part must be energized, so that all
required loads are supplied with power from the 500-kV grid.
§ In the following, the operator selects “NORMAL START” and starts the GT unit.
§ The start-up sequence is automated by the DCS. The gas turbine is accelerated by the starting
frequency converter (SFC) *CJT01* using the generator of the unit as motor to accelerate the GT up
to ignition speed and to support further run-up, until the GT reaches self-sustaining speed, until
approx. 75% of nominal speed is reached.
During SFC operation, the SEE controls the generator voltage in accordance with SFC requirements.
§ The DCS start-up program runs up the GT to nominal speed and starts the automatic paralleling
device for the generator circuit breaker 10BAC01
* GS001. When the unit reaches synchronous
conditions with the grid, the paralleling device closes the generator circuit breaker automatically.
§ The GT unit is now connected to the grid and supplies power to the 500kV-HV offsite power system
as well as its own auxiliary power system.
02 - 25
Operating Modes
Standard Operating Conditions:
§ Under standard operating conditions all Generator Circuit Breakers (GCB) *BAC01GS001* are
closed so that the related GT’s are connected to the 500kV grid via the generator transformer
*BAT01*
§ The auxiliary power and service station power of the unit is supplied by the associated unit auxiliary
transformer (UAT) *BBT*.
§ The 6kV switchgears *BBE* are all energized and provide power to the 400V switchgears of power
plant via respective LV-transformer.
§ The emergency diesel generator sets *01/02XKA11*, which are connected to the common 400V
switchgear *01/02BMA* are in standby mode.
They are ready for immediate start on occurrence of an under-voltage signal at the respective 400V
switchgear *01/02 BHA*.
§ Under normal operating conditions the emergency busbars *BME/BMA* are energized via the
respective 400V switchgear *BFE/BHA*.
§ The normal shut down of the unit will be performed by automatic sequence initiated by operator from
CCR.
02 - 26
Operating Modes
Operating Modes
Normal Shut-Down of a GT:
The normal shut-down of the turbine/generator will be performed by an automatic sequence initiated by
the operator from CCR
At the end of this sequence controlled by the shutdown program

§ the gas turbines is unloaded to less than 1,5 MW
§ the generator circuit breaker *BAC01GS001 will be opened (disconnection of generator from grid)
§ the auxiliary power supply will remain supplied from the 500kV HV grid via the generator transformer
*BAT01* and the unit auxiliary transformer *BBT01*.
One Unit Auxiliary Transformer *BBT01* out of Service

§ In case one unit auxiliary transformer *31/33/41/43BBT* is out of service, then the related GT units
have to be shut down because of missing MV supply
Remark:
§ In case that *31/41BBT01* are out of service (GT #31/32 or GT #41/42 have to be shut-down), then
the associated emergency diesel generator set *01/02XKA11 will be automatically started as result of
an under-voltage signal of the associated 400V common switchgear*01/02BHA*
02 - 28
Operating Modes
Shut down due to disconnection from the grid
§ In case of a fault in the 500kV grid, which results in a disconnection of all GT units from the grid by a
trip of the related HV CB, the standard procedures aim is to keep the unit in operation with
automatically reducing the load to house load (auxiliary load), i.e. the corresponding auxiliary power
system of the unit remains energized
§ The GT units #33/43 will remain in operation, with automatically reducing load to the house load.
The corresponding auxiliary power system of GT #33/43 will then continuously be supplied by the
unit itself.
§ The Operator can pre-select at the OM system whether #31/41 or #32/42 shall normally remain
in operation with automatically reducing load to the house load.
Depending on this pre-selection either #31/41 or #32/42 will be automatically shutdown and the
corresponding GCB *BAC01GS001* will be opened.
To run #31/32 or #41/42 in parallel during the house load operation mode is prohibited.
§ A reconnection of the unit to the 500kV grid after fault clearing is possible by closing the associated
500kV CB (*AAY10GB700* or *AAB10GB700*) via the automatic synchronizing procedure.
02 - 29
Operating Modes
§ If the unit is in house load mode and reconnection to the HV grid is not possible, the turbine /
generator set can be shut down.
§ If a failure does not tolerate that the #33/43 is running in house load, then the turbine / generator set
will be completely shut down.
In both cases the essential consumers connected to the “emergency switchgear” need to be supplied:
For #33/43:
§ The tie feeder *01/02BMA99GS033* will be automatically closed in order to re-energize the
emergency busbar *33/43BME* from the common emergency switchgear *01/02BMA*.
§ In this case the emergency power to the unit switchgear will be supplied via the corresponding
common switchgear *01/02BHA* without starting the emergency diesel sets *01/02XKA11*
For #31/32 and #41/42:

§ In case that #31/32 or #41/42 have to be shut-down simultaneously and none of the two units
remaining in operation on house load, then the associated emergency diesel generator set
*01/02XKA11* will be automatically started as result of an under-voltage signal of the associated
400V common switchgear *01/02BHA
02 - 30
Operating Modes
Emergency Shutdown:
In case of an emergency shutdown caused by a main failure in the auxiliary power supply the required
power for a safe shut down is provided by the battery and the EMDG‘s *01/02XKA11*.
02 - 31
Operating Modes
In case of an emergency shutdown the emergency power supply procedure is started automatically !!
§ All dead LV switchgears i.e. *31-33BFE and 01BHA* will be disconnected automatically from
corresponding emergency sections *31-33BME and 01BMA* by tripping of the corresponding tie
feeder *31-43BME00GS001* by *Undervoltage Command OFF*.
§ The diesel generator set *01/02XKA11* gets start command from the central I&C after emergency
operation conditions are fulfilled (voltage at emergency LV switchgear *01BMA* or more than on one
unit LV switchgear *31-33BFE* has lost or dropped below ‘U1 < min’ for 2 seconds).
§ The Diesel Circuit Breaker *01/02XKA11GS001* is closed by local control system after the
appropriate release signal is available from central I&C.
§ Now the central I&C energize all dead LV-switchgears *31-33BME* in 1…4 load steps by closing the
LV-tie feeders:
Load
Group Description
1 Loads at 01/02 BMA; ‘Diesel ready to assume loads’ by closing *XKA11GS001*

2 Loads at 31/41 BME; 5 sec after Diesel ready to assume loads by closing *BMA99GS033*
3 Loads at 32/42 BME; 10 sec after Diesel ready to assume loads‘ by closing *BMA98GS032*
4 Loads at 33/43 BME, 15 sec after Diesel ready to assume loads’ by closing *BMA97GS031*
02 - 32
Operating Modes
Restoration after Return of the 500kV grid voltage
If the 500kV grid voltage returns during emergency diesel generator conditions, then the standard power
supply have to be re-established manually from the Teleperm XP operating-system.
The following switching procedures have to be initiated by operator:

§ Ensure that GCB’ *BAC01GS001* as well as the 6kV incoming feeders *BBT01GT002* are open
§ Manual closing of 500kV CB (*AAY10GB700* or *AAB10GB700*) at HV-switchyard via OM system
§ Re-establishing 6kV power supply to the unit MV switchgear *BBE* by closing the associated
incoming feeder *BBT01GT002* from the unit auxiliary transformer
§ Re-energizing the 400V GT switchgears *31/32/33/41/42/43BFE* by closing the standard incoming
feeder *BFT01GT001*.
§ Re-energizing the 400V common switchgears *01/02BHA* by closing the standard incoming feeder
*BHT01GT001*.
§ Back synchronization from emergency power supply mode to normal power supply mode is
initialized automatically (see Chapter 10 “ Emergency Diesel Generator”)
§ Re-start of the GT systems as per standard start-up procedure.
02 - 33
Chapter 3
Generator (TLRI)
History
Excitation winding
1866: First prototype by

Werner von Siemens (outer
pole generator)
Pole shoes
Armature with winding
Commutator
03 - 1
Induction law
direction of the current
Uind = B * l * v * z (V)
B = magnetic flux density ( Vs / m² )

I = active length ( m )
v = speed of the conductor ( m / s )
z = number of conductors
movement
03 - 2
Inner Pole Generator

Magnetic flux Three-phase generator
Output voltage
Rotor
Stator
f = p * n / 60
f = Frequency in Hz
p = Pairs of magnetic poles in the rotor
n = Speed in revolutions per minute
03 - 3
Types of Generators
50 and 60 Hz (2- and 4- pole)
MVA 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 ……..1300 1400… 2000 2200+ MVA
…
Rotor: direct axial H2 cooling

THDF SGen-4000W Stator: direct water cooling
4-pole
THDF Rotor: direct axial H2 cooling

SGen-3000W Stator: direct water cooling
2-pole
Rotor: direct radial H2 cooling

THRI
SGen-2000H Stator: indirect H2 cooling
2-pole
Rotor: direct radial air cooling

SGen-1000A/ Stator: indirekt air cooling
TLRI SGen-100A-2P/
SGen-100A-4P
4-pole 2-pole 2-pole
Generator types are available in different diameters and lengths to meet customer requirements.
03 - 4
TLRI series
(T = Turbogenerator, L = Air-cooled, R = Direct radial cooling of rotor winding, I = Indirect cooling of stator winding)
Bearing Exciter-Set
End winding
Exciter enclosure
Enclosure
Stator core
Base frame
Main lead
Cooler
03 - 5
Generator Data
Description Technical Data
Type TLRI 115/36
Year Built 2003/2004
Phases 3
Winding Star
Rated Output Power 186 MVA
Power Factor (cos j) 0.8
Active Power 148.8 MW
Stator Voltage 15.75 kV ± 5 %
Stator Current 6818 A
Rated Speed 3000 rpm
Frequency 50 Hz
EE viewed rotation clockwise
Duty S1 (permanent operation)
Cooling Method TEWAC („Totally Enclosed Water-to-Air Cooler“)
Cooling Medium Air
Cold Air Temperature 42 °C
Field Voltage 273 V
Field Current 1259 A
Generator Total weight 253 t
03 - 6
Generator
General:
The generator rotor is coupled directly to the rotor of the gas turbine. The opposite end of the generator
rotor is connected to the Static Excitation System via Sliprings.
The unit is completely transported as an assembly of the package with Stator + Rotor + Accessories.
Main Design Groups:
The generator consists of the following components:
§ Base frame
§ Stator core
§ Stator winding
§ Cover
§ Rotor shaft
§ Rotor winding
§ Rotor retaining rings
§ Bearings
§ Field connections
The following additional auxiliaries are required for

generator operation:
§ Cooling System
§ Oil system
§ Excitation system
03 - 7
Stator Core
Warm Gas
§ The stator core is stacked with insulated

electrical sheet steel laminations from
0.65 mm thickness having a high silicon Cold Gas
content, carefully deburred and then coated
with insulating varnish on both sides to obtain a § Approximately every 5 cm special spacer
high interlaminar resistance, thereby reducing segments are inserted to get a defined air
the transformer type losses caused by eddy cooling through the stator stack.
currents.
03 - 8
Stator Core assembly

§ In order to minimize the hysteresis and eddy-current losses of the rotating magnetic flux, the entire
core is built up of thin laminations.
§ The lamination stack is compressed hydraulically to his specific size.
§ The clamping bolts are tightened afterwards.
Stator Core during stacking

Stator Core Compression
03 - 9
Stator Core
cooling gas segments
Electrical sheet steel laminations Non-magnetic clamping fingers
Non-magnetic clamping bolts

03 - 10
Stator Winding
§ Prior to applying the bar insulation, the bar § The pre-insulated and pre-shaped bars are
ends are bent with a special device which placed into the slots of the stator core.
shapes the involutes over a cone shell.
§ This ensures a uniform spacing of the bars

over the entire length of the turns after
03 - 11
installation.
Stator Winding
§ The three-phase stator winding is a fractional-
pitch two layer type consisting of individual bars.
§ Each stator slot accommodates two bars. In the
slot section of the stator core, the bars are
secured in position with slot wedges.
§ The bar consists of a large number of separately
insulted strands which are transposed to reduce
the skin effect losses.
§ The coils from each phase are insulated from the
core with Micalastic® Insulation tape.
03 - 12
Stator Core
Stator Winding support:
In the end winding areas, the involutes-shaped
individual bars are arranged in parallel and with
uniform spacing.
To obtain a short-circuit-proof structure, the
bars are lashed to winding supports and one
support ring over pads of glass fabric mat with
glass fabric tapes capable of being impregnated.
Support ring Support bracket
End winding with supports

03 - 13
Stator before impregnation
Stator core with windings
Stator winding end

VPI – Process (Vacuum Pressure Impregnation)
1. Stator is loaded into resin pan for 2. VPI facility

impregnation (vacuum tank)
03 - 15
3. Curing the epoxy resin in oven 4. Stator after impregnation

Rotor
§ The rotor is forged from
vacuum-degassed
NiCrMoV alloy steel and
consist of an electrically
active portion and the
two shaft ends.
§ Approximately 60 % of the rotor

body is provided with
longitudinal slots which hold the
field winding.
§ The winding slots are placed in

that way that the two solid poles
are displaced by 180°.
03 - 16
Rotor
§ The rotor teeth at the ends of the rotor body
are provided with axial and radial ducts,
enabling the cooling gas to be discharged into
the air gap for intensive cooling of the end
windings.
Axial cooling ducts
§ Due to the non-uniform slot

distribution, different moments of
inertia are obtained in the main
axes of the rotor. This in turn
causes oscillating shaft
deflections at twice the system
frequency. To reduce these
vibrations, the deflections are
compensated by transverse Transverse slotting
03 - 17
slotting of the poles.

Rotor winding cooling

§ To retain the winding in the slot against centrifugal force, it is secured in the slots with spacers and
wedges.
§ The slot wedges are made of an alloy featuring high strength and good electrical conductivity in the
area of the cooling gas discharge vents and where in contact with the retaining ring.
§ The cooling gas flow is directed from the rotor end winding
into the slot ducts from where it is discharged into the air gap brazed coils Rotor cooling ducts
via a large number of ventilating slots.
§ The heat of the rotor winding is directly transferred to
the cooling gas.
1 Cooling Air Flow

2 Rotor Winding End
3 Slot Insulation
4 Rotor Tooth
5 Cooling Air Outlet Duct
6 Conducting Cooling Channel
7 Winding Insulation
8 Rotor Winding
9 Insulated Top Strip
10 Conducting Slot Wedge
Winding L-shaped profiles are used to

cooling ducts insulate the coils from the rotor
03 - 18
body
Rotor retaining ring
§ The rotor retaining rings contain the centrifugal forces due to the end windings.
§ One end of each ring is shrunk on the rotor body, while the other end of the ring overhangs the end
windings without contacting the shaft.
§ This ensures an unobstructed shaft deflection at the end windings onto the rotor body.
§ It is secured in the axial position by a snap ring.
§ The wedge system, together with the retaining ring, form the rotor damper system, that can safely
carry currents that can occur on the rotor surface.
03 - 19
Sliprings
Terminal bolt Terminal lug Shaft § The sliprings are used to transmit the field
Slipring Ventilation holes current to the generator rotor to create the
magnetic field which is required for power
generation.
§ The steel sliprings are shrink-fitted at the
nondrive end and insulated from the shaft.
§ The sliprings are helically grooved to obtain a
uniform current distribution in the carbon
brushes and to improve cooling of the slipring
surface.
§ The sliprings have axial and radial holes for
intense ventilation of the sliprings.
§ Additionally to the cooling effect removes the
ventilation system the carbon dust due to brush
§ The terminal lug establishes a electrical wear.
connection between the slip rings and the
terminal bolt.
§ The terminal bolts are screwed into the shaft
bore where a field current lead is run in the
axial direction of the shaft to the end winding.
03 - 20
Radial bolt
Sliprings
Carbon brushes
§ The field current for the rotor winding is § For brush replacement, the
obtained from a static excitation equipment. retaining arm should be
§ Slip rings and carbon brushes are used to actuated to clamp the brush in
transmit the field current to the rotating the brush guide through a
generator rotor. plastic plug and the brush holder
released from the box.
§ The brush holder can now be
withdrawn and is no longer
alive, permitting a replacement
of the carbon brush outside the
machine.
§ Any accidental contact between
the brush holder and the
rotating slipring is precluded by
a stop.
03 - 22
Carbon brushes
Size: 32x32 mm and 64 mm long
Current density:
§ min - max: 60- 120 A/brush
§ Optimum: 80 -100 A/brush
The wear of each individual carbon brush can
be checked during operation by inserting a
dip stick into the bore of the telescopic
plunger.
Gage stick
Notch mark
Telescopic plunger
Feeder cable to
the carbon brush
Handle
03 - 23
Brush arrangement
The arrangement of the brush holder is as shown:
§ 4 brush holder each with a capacity of 4
brushes makes it a total of 16 brushes for
each slipring.
§ To ensure a proper field current transmission
during checks and maintenance a minimum of
13 brushes is necessary to carry the “full load”
field current of 1259A (97A/brush)
03 - 24
Brush Gear Ventilation

§ The task of the plant ist to dissipate the heat arising in the brush gear.
§ The cooling air intake is via the sound absorber with filter mats (item1.7) and goes via the interior of
the covering hood directly to the brush gear. The fan (item 1.3) needed for the pressure rise is
located on air duct part (item 1.2) directly beyond the brush gear.
§ The air flows throug the duct (item 1.4, 1.5, 1.6) to the outgoing air sound absorber (item 1.1) on EE
and from there it is blown into the ambient air.
§ The ventilation system is switched on and off via a local switch in the cabinet door.
03 - 25
Shaft grounding brushes

Shaft voltages can be caused by:
§ Asymmetry in the magnetic circuit of rotating
electrical machines.
§ Build-up of static charges within the shaft
because of the high magnetic fields,
§ capacitive coupling of voltages in static
exciting systems
§ If voltage (hundreds of volts) goes via the
bearings, high current densities may occur on
the small contact points within the bearing,
which can result in a local melting of the metal
surfaces:
è formation of small craters and serrations

è increased friction
è increased temperature
è worse lubrication
è damage of the bearing
03 - 26
Rotor grounding
§ Grounding brushes (carbon-silver layer - carbon to grease, silver for conductivity) are fitted to the
bearing or labyrinth ring to remove the static charges of the shafts.
§ The brush holders are arranged with 90° displacement, which ensures that at least one brush will
make contact with the rotating shaft journal. shafts. One holder each may be drawn and the carbon
replaced in operation. !! Rotor potential for
generator protection !!
1 brush holder
2 grounding brush
3 grounding brush
4 brush bolt
5 rotor shaft
Direction of rotation
Rotation direction
Hint:
The rotor grounding brushes have to be installed that the silver layer
always follows the carbon layer (in rotation direction)
03 - 27
Generator cooling
§ The heat losses arising in the generator interior are dissipated through air.
§ Direct cooling of the rotor essentially eliminates hot spots and differential temperatures between
adjacent components which could result in mechanical stresses.
§ The cooling gas is circulated in the generator interior in a closed circuit by two axial flow fans
arranged on the rotor shaft journals.
§ Cold gas is drawn by the fans from the cooler compartments.
03 - 28
Cooling Air Circuit

The cooler unit consists of four cooling elements, each of which contributes 25% of the cooling capacity.
The generator can be operated in emergency mode at 67% of rated power and only one element per
partial flow of the cooling circuit (that is with a total of two elements per machine).
Axial-flow Fans
→ Hot air
→ Cold air
TE
EE
Heat exchanger
03 - 29
Cooling Air Circuit – Heat exchanger

§ The air cooler is a shell-and-tube type heat
exchanger which cools the air in the generator.
§ The heat removed from the air is dissipated
through the cooling water.
§ The cooling water flows through the tubes. The
air flows over the fins.
§ The cooling water is pumped to a fin fan cooler
to re-cool the water.
Generator with cooler (example)
Shutdown:
§ When the generator is on the turning gear,
the air coolers should remain active for 15 hours.
§ The purpose of this approach is to ensure that
the moisture contained in the gas condenses on
the cooler tubes and fins.
Shell-and-tube type heat exchanger

03 - 30
Forced Cooling System - MPR

§ The task of the generator forced cooling system is to prevent the generator from internal overheating
and to transfer the heat absorbed in this process by means of a secondary circuit with air coolers to
the atmosphere
Example of Fin Fan Cooler Outside View MPR-System

03 - 31

The system consists of:
§ air cooler units consisting of finned tube bundles and fans installed above the tube bundles
§ two cooling water pumps to pump the cooling water through the cooling cells of the generator coolers
§ an diaphragm expansion tank to maintain the necessary system pressure
§ the connecting piping system with valves and four connections for the generator cooler
Function:
§ One of the two cooling water pumps is in service during operation of the gas turbine at any time and
forwards the cooling water via manifolds and headers through the generator coolers to the cooling
cells of the air cooler units to dissipate the heat removal from the generator.
§ The cooling water pumps change over automatically in the event of faults.
§ The generator forced cooling system is a closed system equipped with two cooling water pumps,
each designed for full flow.
§ The generator forced cooling system is filled with demineralized water containing antifreeze and
adequate corrosion inhibitors
§ The system is interacting with the gas turbine generator cooling equipment MKA.
The gas turbine generator cannot operate without the generator forced cooling system in service.
03 - 32
Forced Cooling System - Modes of Operation

Startup and Shutdown
§ The gas turbine cannot be started without the generator forced cooling system in service, which
means as long as the temperature of the cooling media is > 3°C.
§ The forced cooling system does not need to be in service during the turn operation of the gas turbine.
§ When the generator is in on the turning gear - after operation, the coolers remain active for 15 hours.
Normal Operation
Under normal operating conditions, the cooling water is circulated by one of the cooling water pumps
(*MPR11/12AP001), the second pump is on standby (i.e. the down- and upstream flaps must be open).
In the event of failure automatic changeover to the second pump is performed.
Abnormal Operation
§ The system can remain in continues operation in the event of leakages if the break is located in a
redundant part of the system. The affected part has to be disconnected by closing the appropriate
isolation valves and the system has to be switched over in ”hand mode operation”.
§ If the leak cannot be located the MPR-system and consequently the gas turbine has to be shut down.
§ In case of parallel operation of the two pumps it has to be checked if an automatic changeover of the
pumps took place.
§ The situation locally has to be inspected as a continuous operation with two pumps in parallel is not
allowed
03 - 33
Forced Cooling System - Modes of Operation

Automatic changeover of the cooling water pumps
§ The cooling water is forwarded by one of the cooling water pumps to the gas turbine generator
coolers. The second pump is on standby conditions.
The duty pump is selected by the control room staff.
§ In normal operation the isolation valves *MPR11/12 AA001/003 are open.
The positions of this valves are manually locked.
§ In the case of malfunction of the duty pump, e.g. failure or loss of pressure
the duty pump will be switched off and the standby pump will be switched-on
simultaneously (Change-over criteria: (MPR10CP001<175 kPa).
The malfunction will be recorded by a warning signal.
§ In the event that the two pumps operate in parallel for longer than 30s MPR40CP001
(e.g. at manual manipulation or malfunction of switch-off of one pump)
the monitoring system provides a Warning signal:
MPR11AP001
MPR10EE010 – ZV03 “ 2 PUMPS ON”
§ This warning signal indicates the operator an inadmissible
MPR12AP001
operation condition which may cause damages at the
cooling system when operates for longer time periods.
03 - 34
MPR10EE010

Control of the Air Coolers
§ The generator cooling gas is cooled by the Generator Cooling System MPR which is equipped with
an air cooler dissipating the removed heat to the atmosphere.
§ The air cooler consists of 4 x 33% cooling cells, each furnished with two fans.
33% 33% 33% 33%
The 8 fans are mentioned as follows:

Base Group 1 Control Group A:
MPR31 AN011 MPR31 AN012
Base Group 2 Control Group B:

03 - 35
GT Generator Cooling (HMI)

Control & Measurement
The activation of the fans is done in groups as described before and not as single activation of each
individual fan.
§ The system is started by the SGC (Sub-Group-Control) Gas Turbine in step 2 (start-up preparations)
the pre-selected cooling water pump *MPR11/12AP001 is started.
§ At cooling water temperature < 3°C no fans will be started
§ At cooling water temperature > 3°C, the fans of Base_Group1 & 2 will be started (MPR3*AN011)
§ After the start-up period (5 min) the temperature difference between cooler unit outlet (MPR40CT001)
and ambient air temperature (MPR30CT001) is monitored (MPR00EU001)
§ At temperature difference > 7,5°C (T outlet > T ambient), fan Control_Group A or B will be activated
§ At temperature difference < 4°C (T outlet > T ambient), , fan Control _Group A or B will be deactivated
At each GT-start the priority switching of the control groups A or B will be changed from
group A to group B an reverse.
03 - 37

During Operation of the forced cooling system:
§ If the operational cooling water temperature (MPR40CT001) decreases to < 3°C, the running
Control_Groups A or B will be switched off and the cooling will be maintained by operation of the
Base_Groups 1 and 2.
§ At further decreasing of the cooling water temperature (MPR40CT001) to < 0°C, the Base_Group 2
will be switched off
§ At further decreasing of the cooling water temperature (MPR40CT001) to < -3°C, a complete
deactivation of all cooling fans is initiated
§ If the cooling water temperature is increasing again the cooling fans will be reactivated at a cooling
water temperature (MPR40CT001) > 3°C.
The cooling water pumps remain in operation all the time until 15 hours after the turbine shut-down
03 - 38
Operation
Permissible Load Limits of Generator
Load Limits
The generator can be excited, synchronized and connected to the system after rated speed has been
reached. To do this, the excitation system must be taken into operation.
After the generator has been connected to the system, the active power should be set by means of the
turbine speed changer and the reactive power through the excitation system.
For the permissible loading, always refer to the capability curve. The following conditions are assumed
to exist:
§ Generator is operated at rated frequency (50,0 Hz)

§ Generator is operated at rated voltage (15,75 kV)
§ Generator phase sequence corresponds to phase sequence of system
03 - 39
Operation
Rate of Loading
§ During operation, any desired load variation is permissible within the region of the capability curve.
The permissible rate of loading depends on the condition of the winding insulation.
§ Generators provided with a Micalastic® stator winding insulation and a rotor winding of silver- alloyed
copper with glass laminate insulation can be suddenly loaded and unloaded.
The actual rate of loading should, however, be matched to the limits permissible for the turbine (done
in turbine controller).
Deviation of Voltage and Frequency

§ Loading of the generator with deviations from the rated generator voltage and/or frequency is only
permissible up to the limits shown in attached diagram.
Capability Curve
§ This diagram shows different limiting curves for operation which indicate the active and reactive
power at a given power factor. The design point, representing the rated data of the generator, has
been specially marked in this diagram.
§ Any desired load setting is possible within the limits indicated as long as the load is not increased
beyond the limit specified for the respective cold air temperature.
03 - 40
Permissible operating ranges
Capability Curve
Limiting controllers
When a synchronous generator is in operation, it is important to observe the permissible combinations of

active and reactive power, which can be seen from it’s capability curve:
M–O active power

Limit set by the under excited stability of the generator
O
O–P
Limit set by the stator temperature rise rated turbine
power P
P–Q N
Limit is set by the rotor temperature rise
stator
current excitation
current
Q
reactive power overexcited underexcited M
03 - 42
Capability Curve
Q = √ ( S² - P² )
154,4 MW
148,8 MW
138,4 MW
cos j= 0.80
03 - 43
115,8 MVAr 103,8 MVAr inductive capacitive

111,6 MVAr (OVEREXCITED) REACTIVE MVA (UNDEREXCITED)
Chapter 4
Generator Circuit Breaker (GCB) &

Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPB)
BAC - Generator Circuit Breaker System

Application:
§ The generator circuit breaker is used for normal service open & close operation, for synchronization
and for interrupting short-circuits (from generator and system side).
§ With a generator circuit breaker, it is possible to supply power to the auxiliary systems during start-
up, shut-down and stand-by of the power plant via the unit auxiliary transformer without the use of a
separate start-up transformer.
§ The three single-pole generator circuit breakers are integrated in the single phase encapsulated bus
duct between the tee-off to the unit auxiliary transformer and the generator.
ABB Type
04 - 1

1 Additional features of the generator circuit-breaker
system :
2 § The generator circuit breaker is provided with two
3
independent tripping coils
§ All electrical tripping circuits are redundant.
4 Trip circuit supervision function for GCB system will be
realized within generator protection system CHA01/02.
§ Remote electrical control with local emergency hand control is
5 possible via Local-/Remote switch.
6
1) Capacitors for overvoltage protection
2) Voltage transformers
3) Earthing switch
2 4) Series disconnector
5) SF6 Circuit breaker
6) Starting disconnector, connection from SFC
3
1
04 - 2
FROM GENERATOR
BAC - Generator Circuit Breaker System TO TRANSFORMATOR
Inner View

Interrupting /Breaking chamber:
§ Within the interrupting chamber SF6- gas is used for
both, arc extinguishing and internal insulation.
The external insulation is air.
§ For the interruption a combination of self
extinguishing and the puffer principle is used.
Disconnector
§ The switchgear concept provides a disconnector
fitted in series with the circuit-breaker.
It is fitted within the same enclosure.
§ The disconnector is a tubular telescopic unit, with
the moving contact on the terminal side and fixed
contact tube on the circuit-breaker side. In the open
position of the disconnector the isolating air
distance can be clearly seen through an
inspection window in the side wall.
§ The moving contact is motor driven and a crank
handle is provided for manual operation View through the inspection window of HECS to assure
04 - 6
that the disconnect switch is in open position


Separate contact systems for breaking and for continuous current carrying are used.
This avoids wear / erosion of the continuous current contacts and ensures a trouble - free current
carrying even after a large number of operations.
04 - 7
Hydro-Mechanical Spring Drive – HMB 4.5

§ The drive operates all three breaker poles simultaneously by mechanical linkages, thus keeping the
switching time difference between the poles to a minimum.
Schematic diagram of the hydraulic spring View of a hydraulic spring

operating mechanism operating mechanism
§ For the closing operation the piston head side is isolated from the low pressure and simultaneously
connected to the high pressure oil volume. As long as the pressure is maintained, the piston remains
in CLOSED position (GCB closed).
§ A pressure controlled mechanical interlock prevents movement of the piston to the OPEN position in
case of a pressure drop.
04 - 8
Density indicator
1 Indication range YELLOW
2 Rated fill value
3 Indication range GREEN
4 Indication range BLACK
5 Indication range RED
§ GREEN The green indication range is referred to as operating range. The gas density is all
right.
§ YELLOW The yellow indication range is referred to as critical range. The gas density is
critical.
§ RED The red indication range is referred to as blocking range. The circuit breaker must
not be operated.
§ BLACK The black indication range is referred to as transport range. During transportation
the gas density must be within this range. The circuit breaker must not be operated.
04 - 9
Density indicator
§ The density indicator is just a visual representation of the SF6 gas
density of the circuit-breaker. Monitoring of the gas density takes place
at the density monitor and only the density monitor signals have a
decisive effect on the density measurement function!
§ The density indicator is a modified manometer, which by means of a bi-

metal element compensates for pressure fluctuations resulting from
changes in temperature. Through this temperature compensation, an
indication of the SF6 gas density is obtained.
§ The density indicator is designed for a specific plant density. In the
case of HECS, this is 40.7kg/m3.
§ In order to obtain an exact indication of the density, an equalization of

temperature conditions between the circuit-breaker system and the
environment is required. This will correspond to the switched-off state
of the circuit-breaker system.
§ The density indicator can only be used as a fill level indicator under
equalized temperature conditions.
04 - 10
Density monitor
§ The density monitor operates according to the
reference chamber principle.
This reference chamber is temperature
compensated.
§ Contained in the reference chamber is a volume of
SF6 gas, which is designed for the critical gas
density.
§ In the event of a loss of gas in the circuit-breaker,
signals are sent to the controls via micro-switches in
the density monitor, which produce the
corresponding alarm signal.
04 - 11
p-t diagram for SF6

SF6 – pressure in kPa
Operation density (40,7 kg/m3) Temp in °C

Alarm density (36,1 kg/m3)
Blocking density (34,7 kg/m3)
04 - 12
Local Control Panel

§ All control and supervisory apparatuses are mounted in the control
cubicle.
§ The control cubicle is placed on the operating mechanism side of
the system above the operating mechanism of the circuit-breaker Earthing Switch
and is not mechanically connected with the common frame of the
breaker system.
Disconnector
Generator Circuit Breaker
Starting Switch
Earthing Switch
04 - 13
Local Control Panel

§ In the control cubicle there are also installed a local/remote change-over switch and counters for C-O
operations of the circuit-breaker and pump starts of the circuit-breaker drive.
§ An active mimic diagram is provided with the actual position indications and the integrated local
control of the circuit-breaker and all other switching apparatuses. It is mounted in the door panel
behind the glass door of the control cubicle.
Recommended Maintenance after 20 years or

20.000 switching operations
04 - 14
Isolated Phase Busduct - IPB

§ The Isolated Phase Bus
Duct (IPB) is
the connection to
transmit the electrical
power from generator
(MKA) to the Generator
Transformer (BAT01)
as well as to the
branches for the Unit
Auxiliary Transformer
(BBT).
04 - 16

§ The Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPB) is encapsulated in a single phase arrangement over its entire
length from the generator to the transformers.
§ The conductors and the enclosures consist of aluminum tubes, which are made of rolled and welded
sheets.
§ The necessary clearance between conductor and enclosure of each phase is achieved by cast-resin
insulators (3 x 120°). The insulators are capable to withstand forces resulting from short-circuits.
§ All insulators are according to the maximum operating voltage and are designed for insulation
resistance under humidity conditions.
Enclosure
Conductor Insulator
3-6 mm
9-11 mm
04 - 17

The enclosures are short-circuited at both ends (near generator casing, near the generator transformer
tank, and near the unit auxiliary transformer tank) which induce a current flow in the enclosure in
opposite direction to the current flow in the conductors.
By this means the magnetic field outside of the enclosure is reduced by approx. 90%.
Features:
§ Protection against phase-to-phase short circuits
§ Reduction of short-circuit forces between phase conductor
supports
§ No temperature rise in adjacent steel construction caused by
magnetic fields
§ Protection of personnel against electrical shock
§ Protection of electrical equipment against dust and humidity
04 - 18
§ Minimum of operation- and maintenance costs


Grounding of the Isolated Phase Bus Duct
§ The phase enclosure of phase L1, which serves as main grounding bus, is connected to the plant
ground via the grounded transformer tanks.
§ Non-metallic compensators in the run of the main grounding bus enclosure L1 are electrically
bridged. The other two phase enclosures L2 and L3 are interconnected to the grounded enclosure L1
for potential grading.
04 - 19
Isolated Phase Busduct - Enclosure Connections

§ In order to compensate thermal longitudinal expansion as well as to prevent transmission of vibration,
the conductors are equipped with flexible connections and the enclosures with expansion joints
(aluminum compensators) or expansion bellows (compensators of non-metallic material).
§ The IPB is designed and connected to the transformers in such a way that the IPB need not to be
dismantled if any of the transformers has to be replaced.
§ Aluminum compensators are considered in the run of IPB at certain intervals for the enclosures to
expand.
§ The connection of enclosure to components is realized with non-metallic compensators to facilitate
erection and maintenance.
04 - 20
Isolated Phase Busduct - Conductor Connections
Flexible links are applied:

§ To prevent mechanical stress resulting from thermal expansion
§ To decouple from vibration of connected component.
§ To facilitate the erection and dismantling at components.
04 - 21
Air exchange of IPB with Condensate Drain-off System

§ The IPB works with the environmental air.
The insulators are designed for insulation
resistance under humidity conditions.
§ Breathing of IPB due to temperature rise of
conductor caused by load change or change of
ambient temperature is enabled by air-inlet fittings
within each phase of enclosure near the generator
in the turbine hall.
§ Besides the air-inlet fittings the IPB system is
constructed and erected air tight, which is proven
by a leakage test after completed installation.
§ A drain system is provided at the lowest part of
enclosure at the component connection to
generator- and unit auxiliary transformer, to drain
off possible water caused by condensation within
IPB .
§ The drain off is realized automatically.
§ The drain system is closing the IPB to the
environmental air.
04 - 22
Chapter 5
Start-up Frequency Converter (SFC) /

Static Excitation Equipment (SEE)
System Overview - Compact Unit

33BBT01GT002
(Medium Voltage
HV Grid Breaker)
33BBE
33MKC01GT001 33MBJ01GT001
33BBT01
(Medium Voltage (Medium Voltage
(Auxiliary
Breaker) Breaker)
33BAT01 Transformer)
(Generator
33MKC01 33MBJ01
Transformer)
( Excitation (Start-up
transformer ) transformer)
Bus
33BAC01GS001
(Generator Circuit
Breaker) SEE
AVR
SFC
Automatic / Control
Manual
33MBJ01GS091
(SFC - Isolator)
33MKC G
(Generator) 3~ Unit 32 SFC = Static Frequency Converter
SEE = Static Excitation Equipment
05 - 1
AVR = Automatic Voltage Regulator

System Overview (Compact Unit)

Compact unit SEE/SFC - Overall cubicle arrangement
SFC SEE
SFC/SEE
Line side
current
converter
(LCC)
Rectifier Control
DC – Choke Cubicle
Section
Motor side
current
converter
(MCC)
05 - 2
SFC – Start-up Frequency Converter

General: Generator as starting motor
§ The turbine requires assistance to accelerate

the gas turbine to its operating speed, as it can
only generate the required torque once it has
reached 50% of ist rated speed.
§ The gas turbine is started via the generator
with the aid of the start-up frequency converter.
The speed is increased to ignition speed solely
by means of the generator used as a
synchronous motor, and then by the starting
gas turbine process with controlled fuel supply
until the gas turbine combustion process
produces enough power to increase the speed
further.
§ During start-up with the SFC the rotor has to
be magnetically excited simultaniously The
setpoint for the static excitation system of the
generator is according to the SFC
requirements.
05 - 3

Torques during start-up :
§ Somewhat below 50% of
nominal speed the driving
torque of the gas turbine is
NG: > 8.0 Hz
exactly equal to the load FO: > 8,5 Hz
torque of the compressor,
and at higher speeds, the gas
turbine is able to accelerate
SFC & SEE
itself. „OFF“
Here at 38,6 Hz
§ Due to the requirement to

speed up very fast through a
wide range of critical speeds,
it is necessary to drive with
the electric motor up to 70%
of nominal speed.
05 - 4

Gas Turbine Start Sequence :
Synchronizing
1/min
3000
Stop SFC
U / min in Operation
2300
0…100 GT in turning gear
100...480 only SFC Ignition GT

480 Ignition GT
480...2300 SFC + GT
2300 Stop SFC
2300...3000 only GT
3000 Synchronizing
450
100
240 300 ca. 330 s

05 - 5

Principle:
§ By changing the DC current in 2 of 3 stator
windings in a fixed sequence, a rotating
magnetic field is generated in the stator which
turns the rotor in the desired speed.
§ The rotation frequency can be influenced by
changing the firing pulse rate to the thyristors.
SFC output voltage

05 - 6

General:
Start-up
§ The SFC is fed via the start-up transformer *MBJ01
transformer from the MV Busbar *BBE*
§ The start-up frequency converter consists of a

power section and controller section.
Both sections are part of the “Compact Unit” –
Line-side SFC/SEE - *CJT01.
converter LCC
(Rectifier) § There are neither redundant power parts nor
redundant open-loop and closed-loop control
components in the starting frequency converter
SFC
DC smoothing
control § For all operating modes, the output of the SFC is
reactor
CJT01 connected to all three stator windings of the turbine
generator (*MKA) for creating the rotating magnetic
Machine-side field.
converter MCC
(Inverter)
§ With the starting disconnector *MBJ01GS091, which
is part of the generator circuit breaker compartment
(*BAC01), the SFC can be connected and
discconnected from the generator *MKA.
05 - 7

Power section:
The power section of the SFC comprises
the following components: LSC
§ Line-side and motor-side voltage limiter

§ Two fully controlled three-phase bridge connections,
the line-side converter (LCC) and the motor-side
DC link reactor
converter (MCC).
§ DC link reactor for decoupling the LCC from the MCC MSC
§ Mounted radial fan to dissipate heat loss
§ Overvoltage limiter on the supply and generator sides
LCC MCC
Stator
Winding
05 - 8

HV Grid
MBJ01GT001 HV Circuit Breaker

(Medium Voltage
Breaker)
BAT01
(Generator
MBJ01
Transformer)
(Start-up
transformer)
MBJ01GS091
(SFC - Isolator)
MKC
(Generator)
05 - 9

Closed-Loop Control:
§ The line-side converter operates in rectifier operation
and directs the active power taken from the power
supply to the DC link. The closed-loop control
consists of closed-loop speed control with lower-level
closed-loop current control and a gating unit set which
provides the ignition pulses required to control the
converter.
§ The generator-side converter operates as an inverter
in load-controlled operation. The maximum delay
angle is altered as a function of the speed and the DC
link current.
05 - 10
SFC – Operation Modes

§ Unit Start
The SFC accelerates the gas turbine from turning speed.
The converter is shut down at approximately 70 % rated speed
(here 38,6 s-1). Above this speed the gas turbine alone accelerates
the turbine set up to synchronization speed.
§ Black Start:
When the line supply is down, the starting power is provided by a
diesel generator, where by the starting converter power is reduced
(80%) corresponding to the diesel rating.
§ Compressor Wash (“Offline”)(“once a month”):

To clean the turbine blades, the turbine is accelerated to approx. 30% of nominal speed using the
SFC.
The gas turbine is not fired during this operation. Then the converter is switched off automatically,
allowing the shaft to coast down.
This mode is manual mode from main control room, controlled by operator only! (soaking, flushing,
drying approx. 8-10 hours)
05 - 11

Cross-Start:
§ The units 31, 33 and 43 are each equipped with a start-up

package comprising of a start-up transformer *MBJ01 and the
associated Start-up Frequency Converter *CJT01.
§ In unit 32 and 41 an interconnection cubicle *BAB40 is
installed, which accommodates the SFC change-over
isolator *BAB40GS001.
Due to this configuration a crosswise starting-up of each gas
turbine by any of the three SFC’s is possible.
§ The desired SFC for start-up of a gas turbine has to be ready
for operation and is selected by opening or closing the
“SFC C/O ISOLATOR”- *BAB40GS001.
§ The SFC change-over isolator *BAB40GS001 is manually closed
from remote by the operator.
BAB40GS001
§ Interlockings, provided in the SFC control units, ensure correct
switching sequence and prevent inadmissible paralleling of the
units via their associated SFC disconnecting switches
*MBJ01GS091.
05 - 12
Starting Bus Section #31/32 Starting Bus Section #33/41 Starting Bus Section #42/43
05 - 13

Start-Up modes
§ Pre-condition:
Prior to starting the GT, the operator must energize the related 6kV switchgear and station service
part auxiliary circuits, so that all required loads can be supplied with power from the 500kV grid
§ Start-Up of Gas Turbine 31/33/43 with own SFC

or
Start-Up of GT32/41/42 with SFC connected to same Starting Bus section
The sectional isolator switch 32/41BAB40GS001 in the cubicle 32/41BAB40 and as well as the
disconnector switch 31/33/43MBJ01GS091 in the related GCB compartment have to be open.
In the following, the operator selects ”NORMAL START” and starts the selected GT unit by the DCS
start up program (“SGC Gas Turbine” - MYB01EC001).
The required SFC disconnector *MBJ01GS091 of the starting unit will be closed automatically.
05 - 14

Start-Up of GT with SFC not connected to same starting bus section
§ In case the SFC connected to same starting bus should be not available, another available SFC can
be allocated via the SFC change-over device 32/41BAB40 to the relevant GT and the GT can also
be started with this SFC, provided of course that the auxiliary power system of the selected SFC unit
is energized.
§ For the selection of the SFC, the necessary SFC isolators 32/41BAB40GS001 between the GT to be
started and the selected SFC will be manually closed from remote (CCR)
§ The Static Excitation Equipment (SEE) of the starting GT unit will act as master unit of the selected
SFC. Both systems communicate with the SEE/SFC system internal data link connection.
§ After successful synchronizing the relevant isolator 32/41BAB40GS001 in cubicle 32BAB40 and/or
41BAB40 have to be opened manually from remote in the CCR by operator.
§ The start of two GTs connected with the same SFC is not possible in parallel due to the common
sectional isolator cubicle 32/41BAB40 as well there is a relevant software interlock in the SEE/SFC.
05 - 15
SEE – Static Excitation Equipment

§ The static excitation equipment converts a 3-phase alternating current into a direct current which is
used to generate the magnetic field in the synchronous machine.
§ The excitation current which is transmitted to
the rotating generator rotor via slip rings and
Excitation System Turbine
carbon brushes can influence the machine voltage, § Generation of magnetic
the reactive power and the cos φ. field in the rotor.
Rotational energy
§ Control of voltage
Demands on the SEE: § Overcurrent protection
§ Control of excitation current § Adaption to the reactive SFC
power demand
§ Control of generator voltages
§ Control of reactive power to be according to
set values during load operation. Current
control
§ In case of an fault in the AVR: Generator
automatic changeover to excitation current control Induction of
Voltage control voltage in stator
§ Limiting functions in AVR: winding
§ Limitation of the generator currents;
Load
§ Limitation of the rotor current; fluctuations
Grid
§ Ensuring stability by guaranteeing a minimum excitation current.
Supply of
§ Smoothing of active load oscillations by PSS electrical energy
05 - 16

Principle:
§ The static excitation Equipment (SEE) regulates the terminal voltage and the reactive power flow of
the synchronous machine by direct control of the field current using converters.
§ The field current of the synchronous machine flows through the excitation transformer, the field circuit
breaker and the power converter. The excitation transformer reduces the generator terminal voltage
to the required input voltage of the converter, provides the galvanic separation between the machine
terminals and the field winding and acts at the same time as the commutating reactance for the
converter. The power converter converts the AC current into a controlled DC current.
§ After synchronizing with the network, the excitation system can operate in AVR mode, regulating the
generator terminal voltage and reactive power flow. It can also operate in one of the superimposed
control modes, i.e. the machine’s Cos-phi control or MVAr (reactive power) control. In addition, it can
be included in an overall joint voltage and reactive control of the power plant.
Rear
Front
05 - 17

§ The SEE is fed via the excitation transformer *MKC01 from the MV Busbar *BBE*
§ The static excitation equipment consists of a power section and controller section.
Both sections are part of the “Compact Unit” – *CJT01.
§ The excitation equipment supplies the excitation current directly
to the rotor of the synchronous machine.
Exciter
§ The converter output terminals are connected to the generator transformer
field winding.
§ According to the gating ratio, a DC voltage is applied to the
field winding, and this generates the desired field current.
§ This version has full redundancy on the open-loop control
side, and on the closed-loop control side.
§ The thyristors in the bridge branches are protected by fuses.
§ The power section also includes a field suppressor, which SFC Thyristor
assembly
control
allows the exciter current to decay after inverter operation in (Rectifier)
CJT01
the bridge circuit.
§ Over voltage protection for the generator rotor is provided
on the DC side.
§ The power section is forced air cooled by redundant fans.
05 - 18

Principle:
By changing the „firing“ time of the thyristors the output voltage can be modified.
RL
05 - 19
a = 60°

Closed-Loop Control
§ The closed loop control for the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) comprises two redundant digital
automatic voltage regulators. The inactive channel is always in hot-standby with follow-up
functionality. Each automatic channel includes its own manual controller for field current control.
§ The manual channel is used for emergency operation or commissioning. When SEE is operated in
manual mode, all limiting functions are inactive. The operator has to ensure, that the generator is
running within its capabilities. In this operating mode, the field current setpoint value can be set in the
range from 0...110% of the excitation rated current.
§ When connected to the grid and automatic mode is selected, the generator voltage set point will be
held within the generator voltage range of 95% to 105%, where 100% represents generator rated
voltage.
§ The limitations of the automatic channel ensure that the generator is operated within its load limits
when connected to the grid.
The following limitations and functions are included:
§ Stator current limitation
§ Over excitation limitation (field current)
§ Under excitation limitation
§ Reactive power/Power factor control
§ U/f limitation
§ Max rotor current limitation (field forcing)
05 - 20
§ Power System Stabilizer (PSS) (+- 10% Volt dev.) (if the active power is > 20% and power swings)

Closed-Loop Control
Control room
Oscillation -
damping
Digital
actual Limitations
value thyristor set
aquisition
Generator Field
reactive setpoint voltage voltage firing unit
power & cos „Automatic“ controller controller
φ-control
absolute
value
Generator voltage setpoint Field

„Manual“ current
controller
05 - 21

§ The standard mode of communication between the exciter
and the operating equipment is via redundant PROFIBUS
connection.
The telegram from the I&C to the exciter equipment
contains all the commands and set points. Actual
values, operational signals and alarms are
transferred from the exciter equipment to the I&C.
§ An operator control panel as well as a instrument panel with
analog displays of the currents and voltages is installed locally.
Control
§ Local or remote operation can be selected using the key switch Cubicle
at the control cabinet.
§ In normal generator operation, the set-points are set in the
control room. All actual values and alarms required for operation Open-&
will be sent to the control room. Closed-Loop
Control
§ Alarms (i.e. pulse firing monitor, fan monitoring, limiter
monitoring) that occur during operation will be displayed on the
operator panel.
§ A detailed fault definition is displayed on the local
operator panel.
05 - 22
SFC/SEE – Control Panel
Muara Tawar GTPP / IDS306, Copyright © Siemens AG 2015 / Center of Competence- Energy Solutions 05 - 23
EXCITATION (OM)
Chapter 6
Transformer
Transformer - basic principles

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from
one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors,
the transformer's coils.
The transformer is based on two principles:
§ firstly, that an electric current can produce a magnetic field
and
§ secondly that a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire

induces a voltage across the ends of the coil
(electromagnetic induction).
Changing the current in the primary coil changes the magnetic

flux that is developed. The changing magnetic flux induces a
voltage in the secondary coil.
This varying magnetic field induces a electromotive force
(EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This effect is
called mutual induction.
06 - 1
VP = NP = IS
VS = Ns = Ip
Transformer - basic principles
Oil immersed transformers (NOT Siemens scope)
14
1. Three-limb core
2. LV winding
3. HV winding
4. Tapped winding
5. Tap leads
6. LV bushing
7. HV bushing
8. Clamping frame
9. On-load tap
changer
10. Motor drive
11. Tank
12. Conservator
13. Radiator
06 - 3
14. Buchholz relay

Example
Example
BAT01 Core assembly (NOT Siemens scope)
Example
Example
BAT01 assembly (NOT Siemens scope)
Example
Example
Example
Example
BAT01 - On-load tap changer (OLTC)

(Not in Siemens scope)
Function Principle:
§ The on-load tap-changer provides
uninterrupted voltage regulation of
transformers under load. The voltage
is regulated by changing the voltage
ratio on the primary winding.
This is done in steps.
§ The transformer is equipped with a tap
winding whose tapings are connected
with the tap selector of the
on-load tap-changer.
Example
06 - 6
Example of an On-load tap-changer
(NOT Siemens scope)
Buchholz Relay
§ In the field of electric power distribution and transmission, a Buchholz relay, also called a gas relay
or a sudden pressure relay, is a safety device mounted on oil-filled power transformers and
reactors, equipped with an external overhead oil reservoir called a conservator.
§ The Buchholz Relay is used as a protective device sensitive to the effects of dielectric
failure inside the equipment.
§ It detects gas evolved during internal arcing and rapidly de-energize the transformer to avert
catastrophic failure.
06 - 8
Buchholz Relay
Function:
The relay is built in the connecting pipe between the transformer tank and the conservator.
During normal operation it is filled completely with insulating liquid.
If a fault occurs inside the transformer, the Buchholz relay responds as follows:
§ On a slow accumulation of gas, due perhaps to slight overload, gas produced by
decomposition of insulating oil accumulates in the top of the relay and forces the oil level down.
A float switch in the relay is used to initiate an alarm signal.
1
06 - 9
Buchholz Relay
§ If the oil level decreases further (gas
accumulation or leakage), conservator and
3
piping as well as the Buchholz relay will be
emptied. As the liquid level falls, the lower
float moves downward. A float switch in the
relay is used to initiate an trip signal.
§ A spontaneous arc generates a pressure wave

moving in the direction of the conservator. The
GAS / AIR
liquid flow reaches a damper arranged in the
liquid flow. If the flow rate exceeds the
operating threshold of the damper, the latter
moves in flow direction. Due to this a switch
contact is actuated so that the transformer is
disconnected / tripped
Buchholz relays have a test port to allow the accumulated gas to be withdrawn for testing. Flammable
gas found in the relay indicates some internal fault such as overheating or arcing, whereas air found in
06 - 10
the relay may only indicate low oil level or a leak.

Dehydrating Breather
§ The dehydrating breather removes practically all moisture from the
airwhich flows trough it into the conservator when the
transformers cooling down.
§ This has the effect of largely preventing any reduction of the

dielectric strength of the insulation due to moist ambient air and any
‘formation of condensation in the conservator .Thus the dehydrating
breather increases the operational integrity of the transformer.
§ The drying crystals are approximately 3 to 5 mm in size, have a color

indicator and are of pure aluminum silicate which has very good
adsorption properties.
§ In the activated condition they have an orange appearance but as

they adsorb moisture the color changes to white, beginning at the
bottom and spreading progressively to the top.
§ Regenerating the drying crystals:

Crystals which have absorbed moisture can be regenerated by heating to a temperature of 120 to
130 °C. A temperature of 130 °C must not be exceeded, as otherwise the color indicator would
decompose
06 - 11
Transformer Cooling
!! High temperatures will damage the winding insulation !!
§ Small transformers do not generate significant heat and are cooled by air circulation and
radiation of heat.
§ Power transformers rated up to several hundred kVA can be adequately cooled by natural
convective air-cooling, sometimes assisted by fans.
§ In larger transformers part of the design problem is removal of heat. Some power transformers
(e.g. BAT,BBT) are immersed in transformer oil that both cools and insulates the windings. The oil
is a highly refined mineral oil that remains stable at transformer operating temperature. Indoor
liquid-filled transformers must use a non-flammable liquid, or must be located in fire resistant
rooms. The oil-filled tank often has radiators through which the oil circulates by natural convection;
some large transformers employ forced circulation of the oil by electric pumps, aided by external
fans or water-cooled heat exchangers.
§ Air-cooled dry transformers (e.g. GEAFOL) are preferred for indoor applications even at
capacity ratings where oil-cooled construction would be more economical, because their cost is
offset by the reduced building construction cost.
06 - 12
Cooling methods of transformers
Cooling methods of transformers
ONAN cooling ONAF-cooling
Directed flow into the windings

fans
ODWF-cooling
Oil-water
cooler
OD-cooling
06 - 14
GEAFOL ® Transformer (Dry transformer)

The GEAFOL ® transformer is a cast-resin dry transformer. Nowadays GEAFOL ® cast-resin
transformers are available up to a power rating of 50 MVA with operating voltages up to 52 kV.
Advantages GEAFOL-Cast resin Transformers:

§ Fire behavior (self-extinguishing, no toxic gases – CO2 & H2O)
§ Position of HV and LV terminals on top or bottom possible (high flexibility)
§ Practically no restrictions concerning place of installation (in buildings)
§ Smaller consequential damages in case of inner failures
§ Water protection
§ Lower height/smaller ground area
§ High short-time overload capability
§ Better repair possibilities (at site)
§ Almost maintenance free
06 - 15
Dry Type Transformer (Cast resin)

§ The coils of the high-voltage windings are
made of aluminum foil.
§ Why foil windings?
Because foil windings combine a simple
winding technique with a high degree of
electrical safety. The insulation is subjected to
less electrical stress than in other types of
windings.
§ In a conventional round-wire winding, the
interturn voltages can add up to twice the
interlayer voltage, while in a foil winding it
never exceeds the plain voltage per turn
because each layer consists of only one
winding turn.
§ The result: High power frequency and impulse

voltage withstand capability.
§ Why aluminum?
The thermal expansion coefficients of
aluminum and the used cast resin are so
similar that thermal stresses due to load
06 - 16
changes are kept to a minimum.

GEAFOL® Transformer
4
1) Three-limb core
2) LV winding
3) HV winding
6
1 4) LV connection
Normal arrangement: Top, rear
2
5 5) HV connection
6) Coil support system
9 To insulate core and windings from mechanical
3 vibrations, resulting in low noise emissions
7) Clamping frame and truck
Rollers can be turned around for lengthways or
sideways travel
8
8) Insulation: Mixture of epoxy resin and
quartz powder
Makes the transformer nearly maintenance-free,
7 moisture-proof, flame-resistant and self-
extinguishing.
9) HV tapping links:
permitting adjustment to system conditions; can
be reconnected in de-energized state.
06 - 17
Rating plate BFT01 / BHT01
Rating plate MKC01 (SEE)
Rating plate MBJ01 (SFC )

Transformer Load Cycle:
The SFC transformer is designed for short - term

overload operation. This necessitates to observe
break times for the overall assembly before
starting a new operating phase.
The Design of the SFC (SFC 2.9 MW) is based on

the following duty cycle:
§ 4 starts, each 240 seconds under load with

no-load interval of 150 s,
§ followed by a 2 hour no-load period.
06 - 20
Chapter 7
Electrical Protection & Synchronization

Electrical Protection
Purpose of Protection: Basic Requirements of Protection
§ Fast
Fast means to detect the fault in
miliseconds and disconnect
immediately
§ Safe
Protection cannot prevent system Safe means to react properly

faults, but it can: whenever a fault occurs
§ Selective
§ Limit the damage caused by faults
Selective means to disconnect/trip
§ Protect people and plant from damage only the faulty part (Trip the
minimum number of circuit
§ Protect power plants from overload breakers)
§ do selective disconnection
07 - 1
Which fault types are there?

Inner faults
e.g. stator ground fault, shortened winding in the generator:
§ Requiring an immediate switching off of the operating supplies concerned since there is a damage
for which an expansion has to be feared. Examination of the damage and repair of the operating
supplies are in general necessary.
Outer faults
e.g. net short circuit, unbalanced load, over load:
§ Faults out side the power station which endangering it. The endangering can be eliminated by de-
coupling from the grid and running on island mode. After elimination of the fault cause on the net
side, an immediate re-synchronization to the grid is possible.
Faults on the side of the turbine
e.g. reverse power, over/under-frequency in island operation:
§ Requiring an electrical and on the steam side a protection switching off of the turbo set. Otherwise
the turbine is endangered mechanically itself. The auxiliary power supply from the grid is
maintained.
Fault in the excitation system
e.g. breakdown of power supply, fault in the thyristor bridge or controller.
07 - 2
Short Circuit
§ A short circuit may lead to formation of an
arc.
§ The arc, a channel of hot ionized plasma,
is highly conductive and can persist even after
significant amount of original material of the
conductors was evaporated.
§ Surface erosion is a typical sign of electric arc
damage.
§ Even short arcs can remove significant amount
of materials from the electrodes. Crossed wires
§ In mains circuits, short circuits may occur
§ between two phases,
§ between a phase and neutral or
§ between a phase and earth (ground).
§ Such short circuits are likely to result in a very

high current and therefore quickly trigger an
overcurrent protection device
07 - 3
Earth Fault
§ A method of ground fault protection uses a sensor installed around all circuit conductors.
Normal current flows would sum to zero.
§ However, a ground fault will cause a current unbalance in the individual conductors.
When this current imbalance reaches the setpoint, the shunt trip opens the circuit breaker.
07 - 4
Overload
Motor
§ The goal of an effective motor overload
protection scheme is to protect the motor from
damage while allowing it to operate normally
up to its thermal limit.
§ Ideally such a scheme would be based on a
direct measurement of internal motor
temperatures. Unfortunately the temperature at
different points within a given motor varies
widely and it is thus difficult to accurately
measure “hot spot” temperatures.
§ An alternative overload protection method
monitors power flow to the motor and keeps
track of the magnitude and duration of overload
events.
Cable
§ Thermal overload protection calculates the
temperature of the conductor based on specific
conductor data and the current present in the
circuit, and is used to protect conductors from
damage due to extended overloads.
07 - 5
Over-frequency
Over-frequency
§ If the available generation is large compared to the consumption by the load connected to the power
system, then the system frequency is above the rated value.
§ The over-frequency protection function is usually applied to decrease generation to control the
system frequency.
§ Another possible application is the detection of unintended island operation of distributed generation
and some consumers. In the island, there is low probability that the power generated is the same as
consumption; accordingly, the detection of high frequency can be an indication of island operation.
Under-frequency
§ When the amount of electric power produced is less than what is consumed, the frequency drops .
§ Generator under-frequency is needed to protect the generator and the load, for generator because
under overloading condition the generator will slow down to try to accommodate the extra load, this
will result in overheating of stator windings, while also under this condition (under-frequency) some
equipment can be damage.
§ A load shedding scheme using dedicated frequency sensing relays will trip (disconnect) a set of load
from the grid to recover from under frequency and stabilize the system avoiding damage to generator
and connected equipment.
07 - 6
Over-/Undervoltage
Under-voltage
§ Undervoltage protection detects voltage dips in electrical machines and avoids inadmissible
operating states and possible loss of stability.
§ E.g. an undervoltage relay which removes a motor from service when a low-voltage condition
develops, so that the motor will not draw excessive current, or which prevents a large induction or
synchronous motor from starting under low-voltage conditions.
Over-voltage
§ Overvoltage protection serves to protect the electrical machine and connected electrical plant
components from the effects of inadmissible voltage increases.
§ Overvoltages can be caused by incorrect manual operation of the excitation system, faulty operation
of the automatic voltage regulator, (full) load shedding of a generator, separation of the generator
from the system or during island operation.
07 - 7
Over-current
General
Current flow in a conductor always generates
heat. The greater the current flow, the hotter the
conductor. Excess heat is damaging to electrical
components. For that reason, conductors have a
rated continuous current carrying capacity.
Overcurrent protection devices are used to protect
conductors from excessive current flow. These
protective devices are designed to keep the flow
of current in a circuit at a safe level to prevent the
circuit conductors from overheating.
Fuses ( I > )
A fuse is a type of low resistance resistor that acts e.g. used in
e.g. used in I&C cabinets
as a sacrificial device to provide overcurrent LV switchgear
protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its
essential component is a metal wire or strip that e.g. used in
melts when too much current flows, which HV switchgear
interrupts the circuit in which it is connected. Short
circuit, overloading, mismatched loads or device
failure are the prime reasons for excessive
current.
07 - 8
Over-current
Magnetic starter ( I >> )
§ In low voltage switchgears normaly used are magnetic starter.

§ A magnetic starter is an electromagnetically operated switch
which provides safe method for starting an electric motor with a
large load.
§ Magnetic starters also provide under-voltage and overload
protection and an automatic cutoff in the event of a power
failure.
§ In medium voltage switchgears which will feed motors with large

load microprocessor-controlled digital protective relays will be
used.
§ These “SIPROTEC” protective relays offer more comprehensive
protection of motors.
§ E.g. Time-overcurrent protection/motor protection with
simple local control of a circuit-breaker and automation
functions.
Extensive communication options: Integration into control and
protection, service interface via serial connection.
07 - 9
Impedance / Distance ( Z ) Protection

Impedance / Distance ( Z ) Protection
§ Distance / Impedance Relay detects both voltage

and current.
§ A fault on a circuit will generally create a sag in the
voltage level.
§ If the ratio of voltage to current measured at the relay
terminals, which equates to an impedance, lands
within a pre-determined level the circuit breaker will
operate.
§ This is useful for reasonable length lines, lines longer than 15 km, because its operating
characteristics are based on the line characteristics.
§ This means that when a fault appears on the line the impedance setting in the relay is compared to
the apparent impedance of the line from the relay terminals to the fault.
§ If the relay setting is determined to be below the apparent impedance it is determined that the fault is
within the zone of protection.
07 - 10
Distance Protection ( example )

Incomming
10.000 V clear system
Substation
Substation
Substation
Substation
10.000 V 10.000 V 10.000 V 10.000 V 10.000 V 10.000 V
100 A 100 A 100 A 100 A 100 A 100 A
100 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω
faulty system
Relays are configured to switch off
Incomming
if apparent resistance is below 10 Ω
10.000 V
Substation
Substation
Substation
Substation
9.950 V 8000 V 5500 V 5500 V 8000 V 9.950 V
110 A 250 A 800 A 800 A 250 A 110 A
90,45 Ω 32 Ω 6,8 Ω 6,8 Ω 32 Ω 90,45 Ω
07 - 11
Current transformer
§ A current transformer uses the magnetic field of an AC current through a circuit to induce a
proportional current in a second circuit. In electrical engineering, a current transformer (CT) is used
for measurement of electric currents.
§ Current transformers perform metering, monitoring and circuit control functions by transmitting a
reduced current to measuring and recording equipment
§ A current transformer also isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very high voltage in
the primary circuit. Current transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the
electrical power industry.
§ The rated secondary current is commonly standardized at 1 or 5 amperes.

For example, a 8000:1 CT would provide an output current of 1 amperes when the primary was
passing 8000 amperes.
Care must be taken that the secondary of a current transformer is not disconnected
from its load while current is flowing in the primary, as the transformer secondary
will attempt to continue driving current across the effectively infinite impedance.
This will produce a high voltage across the open secondary (into the range of
several kilovolts in some cases), which may cause arcing.
07 - 12
Current transformer
Primary winding (W1) Potting

Rating plate resin
Terminal
box
Ground
terminal
Coil1(W2)
Coil 2(W2) Ground
Cable gland Secondary
plate
terminals
07 - 13
Single Line Diagram
Current transformer
Current transformer data
Ratio: 8000/1 A
P = for protection circuits

20 = 30 times overcurrent will
result in
5 = 5 % deviation
Fs = sensitive
10 = 10 times overcurrent will
result in
0,2 = 0,2 % deviation
Rated burden: 30VA
Rated burden:
The maximum load which may be placed on the
CT secondary without causing an error greater
than that allowed by the stated accuracy
07 - 15
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
§ Voltage transformers (VT) or potential transformers (PT) are another type of instrument transformer,
used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits.
§ They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and to have a precise
voltage ratio to accurately step down high voltages so that metering and protective relay equipment
can be operated at a lower potential.
§ Typically the secondary of a voltage transformer is rated for 110V at rated primary voltage, to match
the input ratings of protection relays.
Primary terminal Potting

Rating plate Primary
resin
winding
core
Terminal
Single Line Diagram box Ground
terminal
Secondary Secondary
Cable gland terminals winding Ground plate
07 - 17
Voltage transformer data

Ratio: 15.75/0,11 kV
Class 0.2 (% deviation) on

complete range
Rated burden: 100VA
Rated burden:
The maximum load which may
be placed on the CT secondary
without causing an error greater
than that allowed by the stated
accuracy
!!! Never short-out VT‘s !!! Accuracy classification

6P = 6% error for voltage UN
between 5% ….120%
07 - 18
Unit Protection CHA

General:
§ The electrical protection system serves to protect the generator *MKA* as well as the transformers
*BAT01* and *BBT01* including their connections.
§ Several protection functions provided in redundant numerical protection relays (7UM6 & 7UT6) are
monitoring the system with regard to abnormal current, voltage, frequency, power and isolation.
§ The protection functions are divided into protection group 1 and 2. The protection functions of Group
1 and 2 are integrated in different relays which are located in different panels (CHA01 & CHA02).
§ The protection cubicles are designed with a common 2 x 100% power supply, coming from
independent DC distributions. Loss of either power supply is announced
§ In the event of faults, the current and voltage values are recorded and stored in the device to
facilitate trouble-shooting and specific trip sequences will be activated by the protection system:
§ Total shut down: disconnection from grid and shut down of the turbine/generator set
§ Disconnection from grid (the turbine/generator set reduces the load to house load)
§ Shut down of the turbine/generator set (‘Rapid Shut-down’)
§ Full speed and no load operation (Reverse Power Trip to GCB and SEE)
07 - 19
Protection System 2
Trip Coil 2
System 2
System 1
Trip Coil 1
Protection System 1
1 out of 2
Protection cabinet (CHA01 &CHA02)

Redundant Generator Protection
System 1 & 2 ( 7UM622 )
Transformer Protection
Relays ( 7UT63 )
Stator earth fault (100%) Rotor earth fault

bandpass & 20 Hz frequenz generator protection
07 - 21
Protection System CHA

SIPROTEC ® Protection Relays
For generator & transformer protection of Muara Tawar Power Station these protection devices are
used:
§ Multifunctional Machine Protection Relay (7UM62)
§ Multifunctional Differential Protection Relay (7UT63)
§ Each digital multifunctional protective relay is equipped with a high performance microprocessor with
special protection software and works completely independently from the other device.
§ The protection relays are time synchronized to the central clock system.
§ Each multifunctional protection relay has its own protection and monitoring functions.
It consists of DC/DC converters for the power supply, A/D-converters, binary and analog input
channels and output relays.
§ Each of the multifunctional protection relays are connected to the common evaluation/engineering
workstation (DIGSI) in the central control building and can be configured with the protection software
DIGSI®. This menu guided software gives easy access to all settings and parameters as well as to
the fault protocols.
§ In case of a fault/trip the specific reason for this is displayed via configurable LED‘s on the front
panel.
07 - 22

Multifunctional Machine Protection (7UM622):
14 Configurable LED’s for Trip indication
Operator Control
Panel
Lamp
Test &
Reset
Interface for PC
connection
(DIGSI®)
07 - 23

Multifunctional Transformer Differential Protection (7UT633):
14 Configurable LED’s for Trip indication
Operator Control
Panel
Lamp
Test &
Reset
Interface for PC
connection
(DIGSI®)
07 - 24
Programming with DIGSI®

Front Interface – RS 232 Rear Interface – RS 485
DIGSI® - Trip Matrix / I/O Masking
Annuciation - Trip Log

DIGSI® - Continuos Function Chart - CFC
07 - 25

Signals to DCS (TXP) for indication at the OM650 (Operator Monitor)
§ Rotor E/F Protection Alarm
§ Protection Cubicle Fault
§ Protection Cubicle Power Supply Fault
§ Underexcitation Protection Alarm
§ Stator E/F Protection 100% Alarm
§ Generator CB Trip Circuit Fault
§ Unbalanced Load Warning
§ Generator Protection Trip
The following generator protection Trip Circuits are available:

§ 500kV HV Unit Circuit Breaker (*AAB0*GB700* & *AAY0*GB700*)
§ 15.75kV Generator Circuit Breaker (*BAC01GS001)
§ 6kV MV Unit Auxiliary Circuit Breaker (*BBT01GT002)
§ SEE/SFC Unit (*CJT01)
§ Turbine Trip (GT protection system) - ‚Rapid Shut Down‘
07 - 26

In case of a trip, following intervention by the operator are required:
§ Observe the shutdown procedure of the gas turbine or the impact of the GT load rejection
§ Ensure that the auxiliary power supply of the unit is maintained
§ Take action according to resulting further alarms
§ Watch for corresponding single fault alarms to determine the reason for the trip
§ Check the generator protection cubicles and protection relays for detailed fault indications.
If necessary, read out the parameter logs and fault records by means of DIGSI® software for
further analysis.
§ Take action according to the corresponding single fault alarms
(The detailed description, the consequences and required intervention to be performed by the
operator is part of the Operating Manual)
§ In case gas turbine trip was actuated, the cause has to be rectified by electrical maintenance
personnel before the next start-up of the gas turbine.
07 - 27
Generator & Transformer
Protection
Protection Functions
50BF – Circuit Breaker Failure :
§ An internal failure of the Generator CB prevents it from opening its main contacts within a certain
time after having received a trip command from the corresponding generator protection relay.
§ Consequence:
All the circuit breakers of the next stage (Unit CB’s & MV Unit Aux CB) are tripped in order to clear
07 - 31
the faulty area. The generator is de-excited by the SEE and the GT is tripped
87G – Generator Differential Protection :
§ A fault in the generator causes a difference between the incoming and outgoing currents which is
measured via the current transformers installed at the generator neutral side and generator line side.
§ Normal operation : sum = 0
§ Fault inside protected Zone: sum ≠ 0
§ Setting:
§ 20% In / 0.0 sec for generator,
§ 30% In / 0.0 sec for transformer/unit
Is1
Is2
å= 0 å¹ 0
§ Consequence:
The Generator CB is tripped in order to separate the faulty generator from the grid. The generator is
de-excited by the SEE and the GT is tripped. The unit auxiliary services are continued to be supplied
07 - 32
from the grid.

64R – Rotor Earth Fault (3Hz):
64R – Rotor Earth Fault (3Hz):
§ Rotor ground fault protection is used to detect earth faults in the excitation circuit of synchronous
Although an earth fault in the excitation winding does not cause immediate damage, a second
generators.
earth fault will lead to a turn-to-turn fault in the excitation winding. The resulting magnetic
§ One earth fault
unbalances can in the rotor
develop winding
extreme does not cause
mechanical forces,immediate
which maydamage;
destroy however, if a second
the machine. earth
The rotor
fault occurs,
earth then this
fault detection is represents a winding
realized with short-circuit
a 3 Hz square wave of the excitation
voltage injectioncircuit.
in the rotor and by the
§ measurement of the corresponding
Magnetic unbalances currentextreme
can occur resulting via the rotor to earth.
mechanical forces which can lead to the
Consequence:
destruction of theThegenerator
Generator CB is tripped in order to separate the faulty generator from the grid.
The generator is de-excited by the SEE and the GT is tripped. The unit auxiliary services are
§ The rotor earth fault detection is realized with a 3 Hz square wave voltage injection in the rotor (via
continued to be supplied from the grid.
excitation carbon brushes) and by the measurement of the corresponding current via the rotor (rotor
grounding
64G brushes)
– Stator to earth.
Earth Fault 100% (20Hz) :
§ Consequence:
In order to detect earth faults along 100% of the stator winding an auxiliary 20Hz-voltage is
injected in the generator starpoint. In case of a stator earth fault this voltage causes a 20Hz-
de-excited
current whichby is
the SEE andby
measured thethe
GTprotection
is tripped.relay.
The unit auxiliary services are continued to be supplied
from the grid. The Generator CB is tripped in order to separate the faulty generator from the grid.
Consequence:
The generator is de-excited by the SEE and the GT is tripped. The unit auxiliary services are
continued to be supplied from the grid.
07 - 33
64G – Stator Earth Fault 100% (20Hz) :
§ In order to detect earth faults along 100% of the stator winding an auxiliary 20Hz-voltage is injected
in the generator starpoint.
§ In case of a stator earth fault this voltage causes a 20Hz-current which is measured by the protection
relay.
§ Consequence:
de-excited by the SEE and the GT is tripped.
The unit auxiliary services are continued to be supplied from the grid.
max.200V
07 - 34
59N – Stator Earth Fault 90%:
§ The stator earth fault protection detects earth faults in the stator windings
§ The criterion for the occurrence of an earth fault is mainly the occurrence of a neutral displacement
voltage.
§ This principle results in a protected zone of 90% to 95% of the stator winding.
§ This is the back-up-protection to the 100% Stator earth fault protection.
Generator Unit transformer
U
E Z
E
U
E
§ Consequence: 90%
07 - 35
21 – Impedance:
§ The machine impedance protection is used as a selective time graded protection to provide shortest
possible tripping times for short-circuits in the synchronous machine, on the terminal leads as well as
in the low voltage winding of the unit transformer.
§ It thus provides a fast back-up protection to the generator and the unit transformer differential relays.
§ Consequence:
All the circuit breakers of the next stage (Unit CB’s & Unit Aux CB) are tripped in order to clear the
faulty area.
The generator is de-excited by the SEE and the GT is tripped
32R – Reverse Power:

§ Reverse power protection is used to protect a turbo-generator unit in case of failure of operating
power.
§ In this case the synchronous generator runs as a motor and drives the turbine, taking the required
motoring energy from the grid.
§ This condition leads to overheating of the turbine blades (steam turbine) or high load demand to the
grid (gas turbine) and must be interrupted within a short time by tripping the Unit C.B.
§ Consequence:
de-excited by the SEE. (“Full speed – No Load”)
07 - 36
60FL – Fuse Failure:
§ The monitoring function is able to detect 1- phase, 2- phase, or 3- phase failures in the VT measuring
voltage caused for example by:
§ Broken wire
§ Blown high voltage fuse
§ Tripped MCB
§ In the event of a measured voltage failure due to a short circuit fault or a broken conductor in the
voltage transformer secondary circuit certain measuring loops may mistakenly see a voltage of zero.
§ The measuring results of the under voltage protection, the impedance protection and other voltage
dependent protective functions may be falsified in this way, possibly causing an unwanted operation.
§ Consequence:
The unwanted operation (Trip) caused by the fuse failure will be blocked.
A Fault alarm is being initiated to the GTCS
74TC – Trip Circuit Supervision:

§ One or two binary inputs can be used for monitoring the circuit-breaker trip coil including its incoming
cables (e.g. loss of control coltage)
§ Consequence:
A Fault alarm is being initiated to the GTCS)
07 - 37
40 – Underexcitation:
§ The under-excitation or loss of field protection protects a synchronous generator from asynchronous
operation in the event of a malfunction in the excitation system and from local overheating of the
rotor.
§ Furthermore, it ensures that the network stability is not endangered due to the underexcitation of
large synchronous generators.
§ Consequence:
24 – Overexcitation U/f:
§ The over-excitation protection is used to detect impermissible over-excitation conditions which can
endanger the generator and transformers.
§ Increase of induction leads to saturation and eddy losses → core heats up.
§ Consequence:
de-excited by the SEE. (“Full speed – No Load”)
07 - 38
59 – Overvoltage:
§ Overvoltage protection serves to protect the electrical machine, and the associated electrical plant
connected to it, from the effects of impermissible voltage increases.
§ Overvoltage can be caused by incorrect manual operation of the excitation system, faulty operation
of the automatic voltage regulator, (full) load shedding of a generator, separation of the generator
from the system or during island operation.
§ Consequence:
from the grid.
46 – Unbalanced Load (‘Negative Phase Sequence’):
§ The negative sequence currents associated with unbalanced loads create reverse fields in three-
phase machines, which act on the rotor at double frequency.
§ Eddy currents are induced at the rotor surface, and local overheating of the rotor end zones and the
slot wedges begins to take place.
§ Another effect of unbalanced loads is the overheating of the damper winding
§ Consequence:
from the grid.
07 - 39
81 – Frequency Protection (Stage 1 - grid disconnection, Stage 2 - turbine trip):
Underfrequency:
§ A decrease in system frequency occurs when the system experiences an increase in the active
power demand, or when a malfunction occurs with a generator governor.
§ The under-frequency protection is also used for generators which (for a certain time) work on an
island network. This is due to the fact that the reverse power protection cannot operate in case of a
drive power failure.
Overfrequency
§ An increase in system frequency occurs when large blocks of load are removed from the system, or
when a malfunction occurs with a generator governor .
§ This means a risk of self-excitation for generators feeding long lines under no-load conditions.
Examples:
§ f1 47,0Hz 0.0sec Stage 1 (Unit CB is tripped )
§ f1 47,0Hz 20sec Stage 2 (GCB Trip, SEE Trip & GT Trip)
§ f2 47,5Hz 40.0sec Stage 2 (GCB Trip, SEE Trip & GT Trip)
§ f3 49,5Hz 10 sec alarm
§ f4 50,5 Hz 10 sec alarm
07 - 40

50/27 – Inadvertent Energization:
§ This protection has the function of limiting the damage of the generator in the event of an
unintentional switch-on of the circuit-breaker, whether the generator is standing still or rotating
without being excited or synchronized.
§ If the power system voltage is connected, the generator starts as an asynchronous machine with a
large slip and this leads to excessively high currents in the rotor.
§ Consequence:
from the grid.
51 – Overcurrent I>:
§ The Definite-Time Overcurrent Protection with Undervoltage Seal-In is used as final stage of the
impedance protection. This back-up stage is set to grade above the time of second or third stage of
the neighboring HV-protection system.
§ The threshold overcurrent must be set above the maximum anticipated (over-)load current (setting:
140% Ir,Gen ).
§ The setting for the delay time has to be made in accordance with the grading plan of the HV network.
§ Consequence:
The Unit CB is tripped.
07 - 41
59N(DC) – DC-Voltage Protection:
§ If during startup an earth fault occurs in the DC circuit of the startup frequency converter (SFC), a
current flows through all earthed parts of the system because of the DC voltage.
§ As the neutral transformer has lower resistance than voltage transformers, the thermal load is the
highest on the VT’s.
§ If not tripped, the earth fault current would cause a temperature overload that would destroy the
connected voltage transformers and the earthing transformer.
§ Setting: 8.8 mA / 1.0 sec.
§ Consequence: A command is given to the startup frequency converter in order to shut it down.
07 - 42
Synchronization
General:
§ For preventing damaging and destruction of the turbo set while switching on an existing grid, this
switching on has to be realized under synchronous conditions.
That means, that the voltages on both sides of the Circuit Breaker to be switched ‘ON’ must be equal
with respect to their magnitude, frequency and the phase angle between it.
We distinguish manual - and automatic synchronization.
§ Two numerical paralleling devices are provided for automatic or manual synchronizing:
§ 7VE512 Automatic Paralleling Device (APD)
§ 7VK512 Synchro-Check-Relay (SCR)
§ The synchronizing concept considers two circuit breakers selectable synchronizing:
§ Unit Circuit Breaker (*AAB0*GB700* & *AAY0*GB700* and
§ Generator Circuit Breaker (*BAC01GS001)
by the Instrumentation and Control (I&C).
§ This operation is realized for the Circuit Breakers from the Central Control Room (CCR) & from the
Local Control Room (LCR).
No hardware-operation is provided.
07 - 43
Synchro-Check Relay (7VK512)
SCR
Automatic Paralleling Device (7VE512)
Synchronization (CHA02)
APD
Synchronization GT (OM650)
Synchronization
Selection of the Circuit Breaker to be synchronized:
One APD (for Automatic Synchronizing) and one SCR (for manual switching/synchronizing) is provided
in the generator protection cubicle (*CHA02) located in the PCC (*UBA01) for closing the 500kV Unit
CB ‘s and the Generator Circuit Breaker.
The selections for the 2 circuit breakers are manually made via the Operating system in the CCR
(OM650).
In case of automatic start up of the turbine/generator set via the Sub-Group-Control “SGC GAS
TURBINE” , the ‘AUTO’ selection of the Generator CB is carried out (in Step 13).
The selection activates the following functions:
§ the required synchronizing voltages will be connected to the voltage inputs of the APD and the SCR
simultaneously.
§ corresponding closing circuit for the selected CB is activated - synchronizing parameters (e.g. CB
closing time, delta f, U, angle) are activated in the APD.
§ The activation of one CB selection function prevents the selection of the other CB synchronizing
possibilities in the DCS.
§ In addition to this, a selection has to be made if the chosen CB has to be synchronized ‘automatically’
by the APD or shall be switched ‘ON’ manually by the SCR.
07 - 47
Synchronization
Automatic Synchronizing of a CB (BAC01, *AAB or *AAY) (with Automatic Paralleling Device) :
The automatic synchronizing with the Automatic Paralleling Device can be initiated manually via the
Operator Monitor (OM650) or via start-up program (SGC) of the Turbine.
The pre-selection of a circuit breaker for Automatic Synchronization is activated.
§ MKY01DE011 - XT11 SELECTION UNIT CB “AUTO” or

§ MKY01DE012 - XT11 SELECTION GEN CB „AUTO“
§ After selection of the “Synchronizing Automatic Mode” at the OM650 screen the automatic paralleling
device adjusts the turbine speed (turbine controller) and generator voltage (excitation system)
suitable to the grid voltage and the grid frequency.
§ When the synchronizing conditions are reached the circuit breaker is automatically closed by an
“ON” -Command from the APD.
§ However if there is no “ON” - Command carried out within the permissible active time (adjustment
range:1s to 600 s), the APD is stopped in order to enable another start attempt for the same CB.
§ After successful synchronization the "Selection" of the CB will be reset by the check-back signal of
the CB.
07 - 48
Synchronization
Manual Synchronizing of a CB (BAC01, *AAB or *AAY) (with Synchro-Check-Relay):
Please note that manual synchronization is not recommended and should only be used by an qualified
operator if the automatic synchronization is out of operation.
Each manual “ON-Command” to the Unit CB / Generator CB is released by the SCR in the
Synchronizing cabinet *CHA02. The condition for a successful manual synchronizing command is:
The pre-selection of a circuit breaker for Manual Synchronization is activated.
§ MKY01DE011 - XT12 SELECTION UNIT CB “MANUAL” or
§ MKY01DE012 - XT12 SELECTION GEN CB „MANUAL“
§ After selection of the “Synchronizing Manual Mode” at the OM650 screen, the generator voltage and
the turbine speed must be adjusted by the operator to the grid side voltage and frequency. This will
be realized by means of "higher / lower commands" for generator voltage and speed via OM650.
§ The synchronism will be supervised by a synchro-check-relay and indicated by a synchronizing
device in the CCR/LCR, which is equipped with three indicators: a double voltage indicator, a double
frequency indicator and a synchronoscope for phase angle.
§ When synchronism is achieved, the operator closes the circuit breaker by manual “CLOSE”
command of the concerning CB at the OM650 screen (Operation Window).
The CB closing command will be released by the Synchro-Check Relay, to safeguard the conditions
of synchronism and prevent malfunction.
07 - 49
Synchronization
Re-Synchronizing to Grid from House Load
The GT unit is in normal operation mode and connected to the grid.
Event:
§ Disconnection from grid (HV CB opens) caused by a trip (e.g. frequency protection trip)
§ Plant operation on house load with closed GCB
§ Normal voltage on HV grid re-established and stabilized (confirmation from HV load dispatch center)
§ The operator selects the automatic synchronizing mode for the HV CB
§ The GT unit will be re-synchronized automatically to the grid
The following back synchronizations are permitted:

§ Back synchronization of GT31 to 500kV bay 07, if GCB *32BAC01GS001* is open
§ Back synchronization of GT33 to 500kV bay 08
§ Back synchronization of GT43 to 500kV bay 10
07 - 50
Permissible Synchronizing Criteria
Automatic Voltage Control for Transformer (*CHA02)

§ The Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) controls:
§ the Main Transformers *BAT01 which is equipped with an on-load tap
changer used for reactive power regulation in case both the GCB and
one of the UCB’s is closed.
§ The selection of the operation mode AUTO / MANUAL of the AVC can be
done via DCS in the CCR or at the AVC itself.
§ The AVR evaluates the difference between the voltage measured on the
transformers and a voltage set point in the AVC.
§ If the deviation is too high or too low, the AVC sends the necessary control
commands to the OLTC to change the tab-position
07 - 52
Chapter 8
Medium / Low Voltage Switchgear

MV Switchgear (*BBE)
§ 6kV Medium voltage (MV) switchgear is used to distribute power to large loads.
§ The distribution equipment is provided with circuit breakers for connecting the main bus to the unit
auxiliary transformers *BBT01, for tie feeders and for supplying the low voltage systems.
The following systems and components are supplied by *BBE busbar:
§ SFC via MBJ01 transformer
§ SEE via MKC01 transformer
§ Fuel Oil Injection pump (*MBN12AP001)
§ LV consumers via *BFT & *BHT transformer
08 - 1
6kV Medium Voltage Switchgear (*BBE*)

Panels: 1 Low-voltage compartment
2 Withdrawable vacuum
§ The switchgear panels are factory assembled circuit-breaker
and type-tested. Inner view of
3 Cable connection
4 Earthing switch
§ All switching operations take place behind a switchgear
5 Current transformer
closed door. 6 Busbars
§ It is possible to perform all servicing work (such 1
as feeder isolation, busbar voltage test,
earthing) inside the cubicle by providing the full 6
degree of protection.
§ The cubicle front is closed by a door with
inspection windows for checking the
withdrawable part position and reading
indicators.
2
§ Each cubicle is divided into separate busbar,
circuit breaker, cable connection and low-
voltage compartments.
3
5
4
08 - 3

Pressure reduction system:
§ The busbar compartment (A), power switch compartment
(B) and cable connection compartment (C) are equipped
with pressure relief flaps .
§ When the pressure relief flaps are opened, the excess
pressure in the panel in the event of an arc occurring is
dissipated.
A
C
B
08 - 4

Power switch compartment:
Fixed contact
Grooves to discharge the arc
Vacuum
Vacuum circuit breaker Copper spring
Moveable contact
3 phases connected to the busbar
Withdrawable Part
The power switch compartment can be equipped
The chassis is made of steel sections and carries: with power switches or contactors, load-break
§ switching device with moving contacts switches.
§ moving mechanism Live counter-contacts are automatically covered
§ 4 rolling contact bearings by upper and lower shutters as soon as a plug-in
§ interlocking mechanism is pulled out.
08 - 5

Busbar compartment:
§ The busbar compartment contains busbars L1, Busbar
L2 and L3. compartment
§ Busbars are made of copper.
They are subdivided into sections within the
board.
§ If multiple boards are placed side by side,
busbars are pushed through cast-resin bushings
into adjacent boards and bolted up with the
busbars there.
Cable connection compartment:

§ Connection of cables or bars to current
transformers or post insulators
§ Earthing and short-circuiting via earthing switch
directly at the point of connection
§ Fixed-mounted voltage transformers
Cable Connection
Compartment
08 - 6

Low voltage compartment:
§ The low voltage compartment is located on the top of
the front side of the panel.
§ It is accessible via a separate door and is separated
from the medium voltage compartments.
§ The low-voltage compartment contains the control,
measuring instruments, protection devices and
malfunction indicators of the board. All are integrated
in the door or are installed on the mounting plate
inside the cubicle.
08 - 7
MV Switchgear
Modes of Operation
Operating mode
'Operating mode' means the plug-in module is in the position where it is fully connected for operation.
That means the contacts are engaged, the control plug has been plugged in. Main circuit and auxiliary
circuit have been connected.
Test mode
'Test mode' means the plug-in module is in the position where the auxiliary circuit is connected, but the
main circuit is not. That means the contacts are not engaged, but the control plug has been plugged in.
The effect is the switchgear can be switched for test
purposes.
Idle mode
'Idle mode' means, neither auxiliary circuit nor main circuit are connected. That means the plug-in has
been placed in its rack in the board, but the contacts are not engaged and the control plug has not been
plugged in.
08 - 8
LV Switchgear (SIVACON®)
Busbar compartment Cable compartment
§ Distribution of voltages up to 690 V
§ Rated current 6300 A
§ No maintenance required
§ Consumers up to 800 A
§ Cable connection in separate compartment
§ Withdrawables for each type of consumer
§ Muara Tawar: 400V AC, 220V DC
Withdrawable units
08 - 9
§ The withdrawable units are available in different sizes and layouts - depending on the load of the
consumer:
08 - 10
Easy to remove (e.g. adjusting overcurrent setting)
§ Switch OFF mainbreaker (to „0“ - Position)

§ Change to disconnected position (with key)
§ Open door (with panel key)
§ Remove withdrawable unit
Main switch from „OFF“ to „ON“
Position indicator
Moving keyhole cover prevents maloperation

of isolating contacts while main switch is
„ON“
Keyhole plate moves from „OPEN“ to „CLOSED“
08 - 11
Cover (keyhole behind)

Auxiliary contacts
Main contacts
Tool for Test –

Disconnected Tool for
position Connected – Disconnected
position
08 - 12
3 different colors indicate

selected position:
„1“ – Connected – RED

„0“ – Disconnected – GREEN
„Test“ – Test position - BLUE
0
08 - 13
Switching from
„Disconnected“ to „Test“ position
0 TEST
Switching from
„Connected“ to „Disconnected“ position
1 0
„Small“ actuating tool
„Large“ actuating tool

08 - 14
Main Feeder / Tie Feeder
LV Switchgear
LV Switchgear
Breaker ON/OFF
indicator
Breaker ON/OFF indicator
Lock – Prevents
Manual Reset after
Overcurrent Trip Stored Energy Indicator
Trip Reset Button
Manual OFF-Button
Manual ON-Button
Manual Release of
Racking Handle
Spring Charge Lever
Position Indicator
Racking Handle
08 - 16
LV Switchgear
1. Unblocking racking handle / Withdrawing racking handle
2. Racking Circuit-breaker into connected position
4. Inserting racking handle
3. Position indicator
08 - 17
LV Switchgear
§ Circuit-breaker can be racked from connected
to disconnected position - via test position -
and in the opposite direction with the cubicle or
compartment door closed.
§ For maintenance work on the circuit-breaker,

it can be with-drawn in front of the switchboard
on telescopic guide supports into the
maintenance position.
08 - 18
Withdrawable unit size I in maintenance position

Chapter 9
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

§ Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a battery backup, provides emergency power
and, depending on the topology, line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power
from a separate source when utility power is not available.
§ A UPS can be used to provide uninterrupted power to equipment, typically for 60 minutes until an
auxiliary-/emergency power supply can be turned on (e.g. Diesel ), until utility power is restored, or
the connected equipment is safely shut downed.
This chapter describes features of the following devices:
§ BTL: Battery chargers (Rectifier) 400V AC / 220V DC

§ BTA: Battery 220V DC
§ BUK: DC/DC converters 220V DC / 24 DC
§ BRU: Power Inverter 220V DC / 400/230V AC
09 - 1
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

02BMA 01BMA
Battery
Rectifier
Rectifier
DC/DC DC/DC
converter converter
Inverter
Inverter
09 - 2
BTL - Battery Charger (Rectifier)

General:
§ The protection of electrical load against power failure is often carried out by battery backed up DC
power supplies, providing electrical energy to important loads during mains supply, as well as during
mains failure.
§ AEG Profitec rectifiers are operating with a controlled output characteristic.
§ The output voltage is kept constant to the set value with a permissible deviation of ± 1 % within a
load range between 0 % and 100 % of the unit current.
§ Mains voltage fluctuations of ± 10 % and mains frequency fluctuations of ± 5 % will be controlled

automatically and compensated.
§ The battery chargers BTL provide the normal DC power supply via the switchgears to the designated
consumers, while charging the associated battery simultaneously. The battery is for standby purpose
and takes over the DC load in case of loss of the feeding AC voltages for the chargers.
§ As an energy storage mainly closed or vented lead acid batteries are used.
09 - 3
BTL - Battery Charger (Rectifier)

Principle:
§ A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a
process known as rectification. This almost always involves the use of some device that only allows
one-way flow of electrons, a diode or a thyristor.
§ Below schematic diagram shows a Three-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit Diagram.
Each three-phase line connects between a pair of diodes: one to route power to the positive (+) side
of the load, and the other to route power to the negative (-) side of the load.
UI
UI UO
UO
Three-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit Diagram
09 - 4
BTL - Battery Charger

The Profitec series consists mainly of a thyristor-controlled power unit and a microprocessor-
controlled monitoring and control unit.
The required load current of 01BTL10/20 as well as 02BTL10/20 has to cover

the loads of both the 220V DC switchgears *BUB and *BUC.
The loads of both switchgears are gained from load balance for the
220V DC loads.
The actual required charger current is as follows:
I charger = 107 A (01BUB load) + 90 A (01BUC) load

= 5 A trickle charging of the battery *01BTA10
= 202 A total charger load current
§ Load of one single charger feeding both busbars
and float charging of battery : 202A
Units with a rated current of I = 200 A have been chosen for both
battery chargers 01BTL10 and 01BTL20 in accordance with the
above load requirements.
09 - 5

Battery Charger 01/02BTL10/20
AEG D400G216/200BWrug-VPX
AC Input voltage: 400V 3phase/PEN
Boost charging: 259,2 V (2,4V/Cell) BTA10

GS010
Trickle charge: 240,8 V (2,23V/Cell)
Equalizing charge: 291,6 V (2,7V/Cell)
BTA10
Diode check: 221,4 V (2,05V/Cell) BTL10
GS010
BTL20
GS011 GS011
„EPS Operation“ 226,8 V (2,1 V/Cell)
The chargers are designed for a rated output voltage of 241V (normal running load).
Boost charging and Equalizing charge is only allowed during complete plant shut down, because
the BTL-rectifier redundancy and the emergency supply via battery supply is not available !!!
09 - 6

Modes of Operation:
Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries achieve optimum service life when remaining on float
(Trickle Charge - (2.23 V/cell) ), in a charged condition.
§ In Trickle charge, the charger floats the battery in a charged state and also supplies the load with
power. In the event of mains power failure the battery will then supply the load its required power.
This is called ”parallel operation”.
§ Switching the charge characteristic, from float charging to Boost charging (2.4 V/cell) gives an
accelerated recharge of the battery and is only possible via manual/local switching.
This mode is to shorten the recharging time of the battery being significantly discharged.
After the battery has been fully charged, it is switched back to float charge mode automatically.
§ When switched to Equalizing charge the battery is charged with 291,6 V (2,7V/Cell) and measured
while discharging.
This mode is used to check for proper operation of each battery cell during commissioning charge of
new installed battery cells.
§ The operating mode "Diode check" - 221,4V DC is intended for checking the blocking diodes in the
DC distribution board or in the equipment.
§ The operating mode " EPS Operation " (mains reserve system mode) is designed to reduce the
mains input power of the battery charger-Profitec 2000 S- when it is operated on a mains reserve
system (e.g. a diesel-powered emergency generator)
09 - 7

When the associated GT is shut down, boost charging of the battery with charger 10BTL10 or
charger 10BTL20 is possible by manually isolating the respective charger and battery from the DC
loads using the associated disconnecting switches installed in the DC switchgear.
Precondition for boost charging:
§ The turbine/generator set is shut down and cooled down.
§ both chargers are connected to the battery in parallel and connected to corresponding switchgear
*BUB and *BUC
Boost charging via *BTL10:
manually isolating of battery charger *BTL10 from the DC loads *BUB by opening of the disconnecting
switch *BTL10GS011 (located in *BUB) and opening of *BTA10GS020 (located in *BTL20) or
Boost charging via *BTL20:
manually isolating of battery charger *BTL20 from the DC loads *BUC by opening of the disconnecting
switch *BTL20GS011 (located in *BUC) and opening of *BTA10GS010 (located in *BTL10)
Boost charging of a battery while the turbine is running, i.e. the battery is connected to one
charger only and is disconnected from the second charger and the bus bars BUB and BUC, is
not allowed because of missing redundancy and lack of power for operation of the emergency oil
pump in case of loss of AC voltage with subsequent turbine shut-down.
This would cause fatal damages of the turbine/generator set.
09 - 8
BTA - Vented Lead Acid Battery

Application:
Batteries provide a secure power supply to essential plant DC loads in case of total loss of AC supply.
Operation:
§ The DC power supply operates without additional regulating cells or corresponding switching
devices. The batteries are operated in parallel standby mode and are kept fully charged during
normal operation of the plant.
§ The operating voltage is 2.23V per cell where no additional charging is necessary. Therefore,
disconnection of the loads is only required in exceptional events, e.g. quick-charging of the lead-acid
batteries after emergency discharge.
§ The discharge current can be drawn for a period of 1 hour after an emergency case has occurred.
The current varies over time depending on the static and dynamic loads.
§ If the battery is completely discharged after an emergency has occurred it is recommended to boost-
charge the battery to shorten the battery charging duration directly after the AC supply is restored.
§ The turbine/generator set may only be started if the battery is fully charged again. This shall be
checked by inspection of the acid density.
§ During the discharge time, the voltage of the lead-acid battery does not drop below the minimum
values permitted for the loads. These minimum values take into consideration the voltage drop
across the cables, fuses, shunts and isolating diodes.
09 - 9

Capacity, Dimensions & Weights:
Batteries BTA10
Type: OSP.HC 400 & OSP HC 600
Capacity: 340 Ah & 340 Ah
Voltage: 220V
No. of cells: 108
Life expectancy: up to 20 years

09 - 10

§ In the charged state, each cell contains
electrodes of elemental lead (Pb) and lead (IV)
dioxide (PbO2) in an electrolyte of
approximately 33.5% sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
§ In the discharged state both electrodes turn

into lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4) and the electrolyte
loses its dissolved sulfuric acid and becomes
primarily water.
discharging
charging + el. energy
Because of the open cells with liquid electrolyte in

most lead-acid batteries, overcharging with high
charging voltages will generate oxygen and
hydrogen gas by electrolysis of water,
forming an explosive mix.
09 - 11
BTA – Battery layout *BTA10
Battery Layout for 108 cell OSP.HC 600

Lifting device
Battery room (Example)
BUK - DC/DC Converter

Configuration:
§ For the 24V DC supply of the I&C cubicles and other 24V DC auxiliary voltage supply each GT Unit
and each Common Part is equipped with two redundant (2 x100%) 220/24V DC-DC converter
cubicles, *BUK11 and *BUK1 &01/01BUK01/02
§ Each DC-DC converter cubicle is equipped with a set of 100% DC/DC-converters (2 * 50% each
cabinet).
The DC-DC-converter cubicles are supplied from the associated 220V DC switchgear boards *BUB
and BUC
§ The DC/DC-converter-racks are operated in “parallel operation” within one cabinet.
To prevent that the converter-racks mutually affect each other during parallel operation, the outputs
are decoupled using diodes on the output of the converters. In order to ensure symmetrical output
current distribution, the control units of the converter perform a parallel operation.
From BUB From BUC
§ Any interruption of the 220V DC supply voltage
must not cause a final switch-off of the DC/DC
converter.
§ After the recovery of the 220V DC supply
voltage the DC/DC-converter will resume
normal operation without the need of any
local or remote start-up signal.
09 - 14

Function:
Principle of Operation:
§ By means of transistors, the unit converts the input voltage into an AC voltage of 70 kHz.
§ electrical isolation and
§ voltage adjustment to the secondary side is performed with the aid of a transformer.
§ The 70 kHz AC voltage on the secondary side is rectified by diodes. The voltage ripple is reduced by
a downstream output filter. The output voltage and output current are controlled by pulse-width
modulation of the transistor switches on the primary side.
Operating frequency:
§ When using a high frequency, this allows the use of smaller inductors. transformers and capacitors in
order to handle the same power level. And this in turn allows a reduction in both the size and material
cost of the converters .
Of course moving to a higher operating frequency also increases same kinds of losses. Once you go
beyond a few hundred hertz iron can't be used in the inductor or transformer core, for example - its
losses are too great.
§ So ferrite material must be used instead, but this allows very efficient operation at many hundreds of
kilohertz. Progress is being made all the time in developing materials and components that work
efficiently at high frequencies.
§ Already some DC-DC converters operate very efficiently at around 1 MHz.
09 - 15

Characteristics:
§ Converters are designed for continuous operation
§ Up to four parallel converter units can be installed in one
metal clad cubicle with a front door
§ All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
§ Prevention of overloading due to automatic current
limitation
§ Automatically delayed trip in case of under-voltage
§ MCB's and switches for the outgoing feeders are
integrated in the converter cubicle
§ Monitoring devices and measuring instruments are
integrated in the panel front
§ In order to ensure symmetrical output current distribution,
the control units of the converter perform a parallel
operation adjustment realized by data bus connected
between the converter-racks.
09 - 16

Display & Operation Unit:
The graphic LCD in the front panel indicates current, voltage, data address, as well as the operating
status of the system. Operation and fault indicators are available on the front panel.
All terminals and operating elements are installed on the front side of the DC-DC converter.
LED's for indicating operating states
LC display for indicating

current, voltage and other
operating states
09 - 17
BRU - DC/AC Inverter

Application:
§ The operation and monitoring equipment in the Power Control Center PCC and CCR and some
consumers, which are sensitive to power interruptions, the uninterruptible supply of AC-loads is
provided by Power Inverters.
§ For normal operation the inverters are fed from the 220V DC switchgear *BUB and *BUC.
An additional inverter bypass feeder from 400V AC switchgear is provided as a standby power
source to the inverter in case of internal inverter faults.
§ Internal inverter faults will initiate an interrupt-free change-over by the inverter internal electronic
bypass switch.
09 - 20

Characteristics
§ Suitable for continuous operation in the nominal or emergency power mode

§ Housed in a metal-clad cubicle with front doors
§ All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
§ Standard design with full electronic control
§ Integrated manual bypass switch for service activities
§ Monitoring devices and measuring instruments
§ MCB’s for the outgoing feeders are integrated in the inverter cubicle
BRU-Consumers:
00BJD01 CCR Power Supply
31CRV01 PCC AC supply (ES)
09 - 21
Graphic Display & Operation Unit

§ The graphic display and operation unit (DOU) is integrated in the front of the
Inverter housing.
§ It serves as a control instrument and for parameterization of the Inverter, and
for the signalization and visualization of device data.
§ The DOU consists of a display unit with 3 LEOs, a graphic LC display and an
operation unit with 5 keys.
§ The global device status can be read from the 3 LEDs.
§ The graphic LC display shows statuses and measured values of the system
with symbols and plain language.
§ The device can be controlled and parameterized using menus which are
protected via password. The DOU is operated using 4 keys to which
several functions are assigned and one ENTER key.
§ An acoustic signal generator stresses the urgency of critical situations
and faults in the system.
1 LEDs: red, yellow, green (from top to bottom)
2 LC display
3 General function keys
4 ENTER key 1 2 3 4
09 - 22

Operating Mode ‘Inverter’ - (Operation with Direct Voltage Supply)
§ This mode is the standard operating mode for the inverter. At every start of the inverter this mode is
activated automatically. The application of this mode is to provide an uninterruptible power supply for
specific 230V AC consumer.
§ The output voltage of the inverter is synchronized to the AC input voltage of the bypass in order to
allow an uninterruptible switch-over between inverter an auto-bypass.
Operating Mode ‘Auto-Bypass’ (“SBS - Static Bypass Switch”):
§ Mode to supply the specific 230V AC consumer in case of a failure in the inverter or loss of the DC
input power supply.
Activation and stop of this mode is performed automatically by the SBS , which is an electronic
switching device of the cabinet .
§ Switch-over from the inverter bridge to the auto-bypass must not interrupt the voltage waveform and
must not lead to any disturbance of the consumers.
§ After voltage recovery of the DC input power supply, the loads will be switched back automatically
without interruption of the voltage waveform
Operating Mode ‘Manual-Bypass’:
§ The manual bypass enables maintenance and service personnel to perform work on the Inverter
without having to switch off the load circuit.
ATTENTION:
§ The manual bypass switch Q29 may only be actuated when the Inverter is switched off.
09 - 23
In the event of a mains supply failure in manual bypass mode the load supply fails.
UPS System (OM)
Chapter 10
Emergency Diesel Generator

XKA - Emergency Diesel Generator

§ Two Emergency Diesel Generator Systems (01/02XKA11) are provided ensuring the supply of AC
power to essential loads in case of complete loss of the main AC power system.
§ The diesel generator sets are connected to the low voltage AC systems and will be started
automatically if the voltage at the corresponding diesel emergency bus fails.
§ One Diesel generator is dedicated to units 31/32/33 and the other one is dedicated to units 41/42/43.
The emergency diesels are feeding the common 400V switchgear *01BMA* and 02BMA.
§ By provision of emergency power the turbine generator set can be maintained in turning operation
during cooling down and the batteries will not be discharged.
10 - 1

Normal Operation
§ In case of less than 80% (< 320V) rated voltage at 01/02BMA for a minimum duration of 2 seconds,
the coupling breaker *BHA00GS001* opens and the Emergency Diesel Generator *XKA11 is started
automatically.
§ After readyness of the EDG the incoming feeder *XKA11GS001 is closing automatically.
§ At this point the DCS energizes the dead LV consumers which were de-energized by the
undervoltage logic at 10BMA in 1…5 load steps, by closing their respective breakers:
Load
Group Description
1 Loads at 01/02 BMA; ‘Diesel ready to assume loads’ by closing *XKA11GS001*

2 Loads at 31/41 BME; 5 sec after Diesel ready to assume loads by closing *BMA99GS033*
3 Loads at 32/42 BME; 10 sec after Diesel ready to assume loads‘ by closing *BMA98GS032*
4 Loads at 33/43 BME, 15 sec after Diesel ready to assume loads’ by closing *BMA97GS031*
10 - 2

General Design:
§ The diesel generator is installed in a container house, which provides the required weather and
sound protection. The arrangement of the equipment allows easy access for maintenance and
inspection of all components. The container is provided with a separate compartment for the local
control panel and all main electrical auxiliary devices.
§ The generator and the diesel engine are mounted on a common steel base frame. Both components
are connected by a coupling. The radiator fan is mechanically driven by the diesel engine cools the
engine. The ventilation air is led through inlet and outlet louvers, protective grids and silencers.
§ The emergency diesel is started by an electrical starter. The entire starting system is installed inside
the container and includes a motor starter, batteries and a battery charger.
§ A fuel oil tank for 8 hours full-load operation is provided.
Performance:
§ The unit can start and is able to accept loading within 10 seconds after receiving the starting signal.
§ The consumers will be connected in groups step by step to the emergency diesel generator.
§ The maximum load steps will not be higher than 35% of the rated power of the diesel gen set.
10 - 3
XKA - Emergency Diesel Generator (Example)

Ait Inlet Exhaust
Air Oultlet
Fuel tank Local Control Silencer Generator Silencer
Diesel Silencer
Panel Engine
Air
Exhaust
Silencer
Door Door
Gen-Set LCP
10 - 4
XKA - Emergency Diesel Generator (Example)
Door
LCP
Exhaust
Silencer
Gen-Set
Door

Local Control Equipment:
The control equipment is independent from the DCS and is installed in a free-standing sheet-metal
cubicle. The control and indication devices are door mounted and have the following functions:
§ Control equipment for selection of fully automatic or manually controlled operation
§ Automatic monitoring system with visual and audible alarms and engine safety shutdown
§ Automatic synchronization equipment
§ Generator protection equipment including over-current and reverse power protection
10 - 6
01/02BHA00
GS001
01/02XKA11
GS001

Automatic start in case of mains failure (logic by Samsung)
DSL GEN SET
Start
XKA11EU001
DSL GEN SET CB RELS

01/02BHA00
CLS
GS001 XKA11EU002
01/02XKA11
GS001
(XKA11CE050)
10 - 8

Emergency Diesel Test Run under Load in Parallel with the Grid:
(once a month for one hour with minimum a load of 30% rated power)
§ The load test run of the emergency diesel generator sets (EMDG) 01/02XKA11 is initiated manually
by pressing the "TEST" button at the EMDG local control panel (LCP).
§ The EMDG control then automatically starts the diesel and after the start-up period, i.e. rated speed
and rated voltage have been attained, the diesel generator is synchronized by the EMDG control to
the respective LV switchgear 01/02BMA via the diesel generator CB 01/02XKA11GS001.
§ After the CB is closed (check-back “ON” position is indicated) the EMDG control starts the loading of
the diesel generator set.
§ Basically automatic synchronization is pre-selected at the EMDG control, i.e. the synchronization and
closing of the emergency diesel generator CB is done automatically by the EMDG control system.
If the automatic synchronization is not successful, e.g. in case of a defect of the auto-synchronizing
device, the operator can also select manual synchronization.
§ In the manual synchronization mode the frequency of the generator has to be controlled via the
"speed adjusting switch" and the voltage of the generator has to be controlled via the "voltage
adjusting switch" by the operator at the LCP. When synchronism is reached, the closing of the diesel
generator CB has also to be performed manually.
§ The EMDG operation is stopped by pressing the "STOP" push button at the LCP, the output power is
automatically reduced and the associated generator CB switched off by the EMDG control. After the
check-back "OFF" position of the CB is indicated, the cooling- down-phase is started and the diesel
10 - 9
set is finally stopped.

01/02BHA00
GS001
01/02XKA11
GS001
XKA11CE052
01/02BHA00
GS001
01/02XKA11
GS001
XKA - Synchronization
Synchronization:
BHA01GS001
LV TIE FDR
DSL INC FDR

XKA11GS001
XKA - Protection
BHA01GS001
LV TIE FDR
DSL INC FDR

XKA11GS001
Emergency Diesel Generator (OM)
Emergency Diesel Operation
Chapter 11
Operation & Monitoring (OM650)

Operation & Monitoring
Control Room – Historical Development

Hamburg Reuter West
Bille, 1910 Power Plant,
Berlin 1931
Emden Power Lippendorf

Plant, 1960 Power Plant,
1998
11 - 2
TELEPERM XP
Major Components
I&C architecture Hardware- assignment
§ OT, ET, DT are the window
User to the process and present
Interfaces
all information regarding
engineering, operation and,
Operation Terminal - OT diagnostics.
Engineering Terminal - ET
Diagnostic Terminal - DT
Power Server
§ PU, SU and Automation
Server controllers are used
Automation
Servers for processing data and
real-time execution of the
Processing Unit - PU control algorithms
Server Unit - SU
I/O Module § The interface to the

Process
Interfaces process provides signal
conditioning and command
output via I/O modules.
11 - 3
I&C Structure - General (simplyfied)
OM 650
Operation and ES 680
Management Engineering
system DS 670
system
Diagnostic
system
SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet
AS 620
Automation
system
11 - 4
Operation and Management System (OM)

§ The OM carries out the process control, process information and process management tasks for the
automation system.
§ The OM is a full-graphics interface.
The goal of human-machine-interaction engineering is to produce a user interface which makes it easy
and efficient to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result.
This generally means that
the operator needs to
provide minimal input to
achieve the desired
output, and also that
the machine minimizes
undesired outputs to
the human.
It allows process control

and monitoring as well as
troubleshooting and fault
analysis (with the aid of
appropriate indications)
to be performed from a
central control room.
11 - 5
Log-on here
Operation Terminal - OT
9
8
6 7
5
2 3 4
6
7
9
3
8
2
1
Screen Header:
Screen Footer:
Plant displays are normally arranged

hierarchically in different levels.
The layout of the display and the
organization of the display levels always
reflect the organization of the power plant.
11 - 9
Plant Display Screen header
Plant Display Headline
Plant display:
§ Display selection
§ Pictograms
§ Analog values
§ Binary values
Screen footer
11 - 10
Operator Terminal
Plant Overview Alarm Sequence Display - ASD
Curve Display
Operation Window
Indication Window Plant Display
§ All the functions necessary for plant

operation - or information access -
are integrated in the OM650
11 - 11
Plant Display – Window to the Process
§ Plant displays organize and display process information using high-resolution graphics and
advanced display features.
11 - 12
Operating the Process
Selected Pictogram
Selected Pictogram
Operation Window Indication Window
§ A set of pictograms is available to indicate status and values of process variables.

11 - 13
§ Windows supply details about operating facilities.

Examples of Windows
‚KKS‘ - Plant Identification Code
Description
Motor Analogue values

Dynamic Function Diagram
Detail Window
Disable - Enable &

Disconnect - Couple
Notebook Window
Operation Window Command Buttons Indication Window
§ Windows are used to operate the plant, i.e. to monitor and manipulate process control variables, as
well as to perform tasks such as operating devices, responding to alarms, tuning loops, or changing
set points.
§ Windows contain all information for the control of a device and ensure fast and safe operations.
11 - 14
Examples of Windows
Events (Mini-ASD)
Detail Window
The ‚Detail Window‘ contains

§ current information on the
function the operation/indication
window is allocated to.
§ It contains the type-specific faults
and statuses of the function in the
Detail Window
form of text.
§ Currently present faults and
statuses are identified by a color
change of the corresponding text.
Notebook Window
Command Buttons
The ‚notebook window ‚allows you to
§ store an alphanumeric note or
§ read, process or print a present
note.
11 - 15
Logic diagram
identification
code
Logic diagram
dynamized:
Signal status 1
Signal status 0
Signal fault
&
Signal not
available
Identification code
or clear text
>1
Process operation
via operation window
OFF ON
11 - 16
Select the Process Overview Displays
Curve Display
Curve Display
Compressing
§ Trend displays are used to display archived data graphically for analyzing and tracking.
§ Display of up to 10 process values.
§ One cursor lines, e.g., for comparison of values.
§ Full range of scroll, pan and zoom facilities, zooming in all directions.
§ Seamless switching between display of real-time and historical data.
§ Ability to highlight trends via trend shading.
11 - 18
Configure your Curve Display
§ The configuration can be stored with a user-defined name for later reuse
11 - 19
ASD – Alarm Sequence Display

Alarm System: ASD A W T F S O L C M
§ Alarms are used to inform the operator about deviations from the regular or planned operation in the
power plant (process alarms) or about malfunctions in the I&C System (I&C alarms).
§ Alarms can be displayed in the Alarm Sequence Display (ASD), in plant displays, or can be reported
in logs.
Alarm Overview of
selected FA
Function Area
Overview
page
forward/back/actual
acknowledge page
11 - 20
hardcopy
The first new page

is displayed
Selection of Select/Deselect
Function Area displayed Alarms
Go to newest Alarm
Signal
Description
Identification Signal Status
Code name
Alarm Type
11 - 21

All these buttons can have different indication status: ASD A W T F S O L C M
RAISED
GONE
Inactive Active Inactive
Alarm Alarm Alarm
time
§ An alarm can be in three different states, it is either Active or Inactive or Aknowledged

§ When an alarm becomes active (1) it is RAISED, when it becomes inactive (0) it is GONE
§ Unacknowledged arriving alarms (Raised) : flashing (2 Hz)
§ Unacknowledged back-to-normal alarms (Gone): flashing (0.5 Hz)
§ Acknowledged alarms: steady light
(Priority: 2 Hz higher than 0.5 Hz higher than steady light)
11 - 22
Alarm Types
A Alarm A critical alarm (ES configurable)
W Warning A less critical alarm (ES configurable
T Tolerance A least critical alarm (ES configurable)
O Operator A manual operator response is required
M Maintenance A maintenance or service activity is required (ES configurable)
C Status (change) An important device has been started or stopped or a device

changeover has occurred (ES configurable)
L Local Fault A local fault (ES configurable)
S Superordinate I&C fault A fault in the I&C system which affects several functions (e.g.
module fault, communication fault, etc.)
F Function Fault An individual function in the I&C system is faulty (single

channel fault, transmitter fault, etc)
11 - 23
Types of alarm – class A

A class A ALARM must always be used if a protection trip or failure of a unit of
equipment, subsystem, or plant section has occurred, irrespective of the importance of the unit for the
overall process.
Here, as far as possible, the aim should be not to annunciate the failure or protection trip of an
equipment unit or plant section (especially if this is already displayed as a status signal on the alarm
sequence display or log printer) but all criteria or limits that caused this protection trip.
Examples:
§ Failure or protection trip of pumps, compressors, conveyers, and other equipment units.
§ Failure or protection trip of plant sections, e.g. all GT, ST, or boiler protection criteria.
§ All load capability criteria (load rejection).
§ Failure or protection trip of ancillary systems.
11 - 24
Types of alarm – class W

A class W WARNING is configured to draw the operator's attention to a state that is
impermissible for further operation of the plant. If the operator does not respond to this warning quickly,
the consequence may a total or partial plant outage or a power restriction (load capability feature). This
is usually a warning issued ahead of a trip alarm. Alarm class W warnings are also used if these criteria
already result in automatic, non-operational switching operations to avoid a protection trip.
Examples:
§ Feed water tank level <MIN1, if <MIN2 causes failure of the oil pumps which in turn leads to
outage of the plant unit.
§ Feedwater tank level >MAX2 with protection OPEN for the feed water tank
emergency drain and protection CLOSE for the condensate control valves, if >MAX3 causes
protection OFF for the condensate pumps.
§ Main steam temperature >MAX1 with automatic opening of the MS spray valve, if >MAX2 causes
response of boiler protection.
11 - 25
Types of alarm – class T

The class T TOLERANCE annunciation (tolerance violation) informs the operator
that a lower-level fault has occurred. Ignoring this message could lead to failure of a redundant
component in the short or medium term (with changeover due to fault, if the standby unit is available) or
to failure of a system or unit that is not directly necessary for operation of the power plant process.
The tolerance message can also be used as a pre-warning for a warning W, if 3 limits are required as
opposed to the normal 2 limits.
Examples:
§ Class T fault annunciation for bearing temperature condensate pump 1 >MAX1, if bearing
temperature >MAX2 leads to protection trip (alarm class A) and therefore to changeover due to
fault for the condensate pumps.
§ Main condensate conductivity >MAX
§ Black box sump pumps turbine building faulted (mech. or elec. fault).
§ Tolerance message T for feed water tank level <MIN1, warning W at < MIN2, alarm A at <MIN3
with protection trip of the feed pumps.
11 - 26
Types of alarm – class C

A class C STATUS (change) signal reflects important status changes of units of equipment.
These include check back signals, such as pump ON, OFF, isolation valve OPEN, CLOSED,
NOT_CLOSED etc. ( Normal feedbacks only “Reports” as E event )
If necessary, further status messages are configured as logic-gated signals that indicate readiness for
operation or the operational state of certain systems, subsystems, or plant sections.
Status annunciations should usually be configured to be self-acknowledging.
Examples:
§ Heat recovery steam generator ready for GT start
§ Auxiliary steam generator in operation / not in operation
§ MS temperature adequate for ST operation
§ Release from turbine stress evaluator for further temperature increase active / not active
§ Steam generator in operation / not in operation
§ GT in premix mode / diffusion mode
§ GT operation with OTC controller / power controller
11 - 27
Types of alarm – class O

A class O OPERATOR signal reflects an manual operator response which is required after the
status of a system or piece of equipment was changed by
§ a protection command
or
§ a non-TXP signal.
As long as this alarm is not aknowledged / reset in the window of the concerned equipment, the
equipment is not operational for manual, automatic and protection commands !!
This alarm can only be acknowledged via ASD but not reset !!
Examples:
§ Pump was stopped by PROT_OFF signal
§ SGC was sent to shut-down sequence by PROT_S/D signal
§ Breaker which was closed by TCS, opens via electrical interlock or fault.
11 - 28
Tracking an alarm
§ Group alarm indication in the
screen header.
§ In case of only one fault of this

type the correct plant display
will be opened
§ In the event of more than one

faults of the same type, the
plant display with the nearest
„decision-level“ will be opened
§ Loop in alarm:
The direct call-up of the
correct plant display by
clicking the event in the ASD
11 - 29
Electrical Overview (OM)
GT Overview (OM)
Fuel Oil System (OM)
Lube / Lift Oil System (OM)
Chapter 12
I&C Automation System (AS620)

Overall Configuration
§ The Siemens Process Control System offered for this power station has been designed to reduce the
actions required by the control room personnel to a minimum.
§ Once certain manual preparation actions in the fields have been performed, automatic operation of
the whole plant can be obtained simply by entering the desired power output into a unit coordinator.
This coordinates the operation of each plant area during all normal plant operating modes including
start-up, operation and shutdown.
§ Manual control can be obtained by switching systems from automatic to manual operation mode,
changeover is bump- less.
§ The Siemens Process Control System TELEPERM XP has a hierarchical structure.
§ The communication paths can be set up in various automation levels with graded capacities.
§ The Process Control System is subdivided into functional areas to create a modular configuration, as
basis for an effective Process and Control System.
These individual functional areas essentially cover the following systems and functions:
§ Gas Turbine (31/31/33/41/42/43)

§ Auxiliaries (A0/A1/A2)
12 - 1
TXP General System Overview

Operation &
Management
System
(OM650) External Network
Operation
Terminal (OT) User
Interface
Router
Process Control
Level Terminal Bus
Processing
Server Unit (PU)
Unit (SU) Time
Engineering Server
Server (ES) Power
Server
Plant Bus
SIMADYN D Automation
Group Control Server (AS)
Level Automation
Server (AS) PROFIBUS-DP
CM104
L1 bus
Field Level S5-95F

Process
Field Interface
ET200M Devices AddFEM
AddFEM FailSafe I/O
SIM fast I/O modules
SOE
12 - 2
FUM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
ABBREVIATION
OT OPERATION TERMINAL
PU PROCESSOR UNIT
A A
SU SERVER UNIT
ET200M I/O-CABINET
CENTRAL CONTROL ROOM

WIN-TS SAMSUNG SCOPE BALFOUR BEATTY SCOPE
ALARM AND OPERATOR FLIGHT RECORDER PUBLIC
VIBRATION ANALYSIS CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM ADDRESS FIRE DETECTION HIGH VOLTAGE
LOG PRINTER No. 1 No. 2 ENGINEERING STATION COMPUTER - CABINET POWER SUPPLY CCTV
B COMPUTER - / LAN - CABINET B
UNIT 30 UNIT 40 No. 1 No. 2
GT31 to GT33 GT41 to GT43
SYSTEM
ADMINISTRATION
C C
PU- AND SU-SERVER

HARDCOPY PRINTER
D D
TO CEMS OF GT31 to GT43 TO LOCAL TO HIGH VOLTAGE

FIRE DETECTION SUBSTATION
CABINETS
TERMINAL BUS
E E
CLOCK
PLANT BUS
F F
GASTURBINE 33 GASTURBINE 43
33UBA01 43UBA01
G G
33CJR01 33CJP01 33CJP02 33CJP41 33CJQ01 33CPA01 33CPA21 33CPA22 33CPA31 43CJR01 43CJP01 43CJP02 43CJP41 43CJQ01 43CPA01 43CPA21 43CPA22 43CPA31
GOVERNOR AUTOMATION AUTOMATION PROTECTION MEASURING ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M GOVERNOR AUTOMATION AUTOMATION PROTECTION MEASURING ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M
TO FIRE DETECTION CABINET

H IN CCR H
GASTURBINE 32 GASTURBINE 42
32UBA01 42UBA01 LOCAL FIRE DETECTION

CABINET
LOCAL CONTROL
CABINET
J J
BBS SCOPE
32CJR01 32CJP01 32CJP02 32CJP41 32CJQ01 32CPA01 32CPA21 32CPA22 32CPA31 42CJR01 42CJP01 42CJP02 42CJP41 42CJQ01 42CPA01 42CPA21 42CPA22 42CPA31
GOVERNOR AUTOMATION AUTOMATION PROTECTION MEASURING ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M 42/43UMB
GOVERNOR AUTOMATION AUTOMATION PROTECTION MEASURING ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M
TO FIRE DETECTION CABINET TO FIRE DETECTION CABINET

IN CCR IN CCR
K GASTURBINE 31 AUXILIARY 00 GASTURBINE 41 K
31UBA01 LOCAL FIRE DETECTION 41UBA01 LOCAL FIRE DETECTION

01UBA91 02UBA91
CABINET CABINET
LOCAL CONTROL
LOCAL CONTROL CABINET
CABINET
L L
BBS SCOPE
BBS SCOPE
31CJR01 31CJP01 31CJP02 31CJP41 31CJQ01 31CPA01 31CPA21 31CPA22 31CPA31 01CPD01 00CJC01 02CPD01 41CJR01 41CJP01 41CJP02 41CJP41 41CJQ01 41CPA01 41CPA21 41CPA22 41CPA31
31/32UMB 33/41UMB
GOVERNOR AUTOMATION AUTOMATION PROTECTION MEASURING ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M AUTOMATION ET200M GOVERNOR AUTOMATION AUTOMATION PROTECTION MEASURING ET200M ET200M ET200M ET200M
HSD FUEL OIL TREATMENT HSD FUEL OIL FORWARDING DEMIN WATER HVAC SYSTEM VENT SYSTEM VENT SYSTEM VENT SYSTEM DRAIN PUMPS DRAIN PUMPS DRAIN PUMPS DRAIN PUMPS DRAIN PUMPS DRAIN PUMPS VENT SYSTEM VENT SYSTEM VENT SYSTEM
00UEM 00UEL 00UGD
LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL
LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET
CABINET
CABINET CABINET
N PT. PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK NEGARA (PERSERO) N
MUARA TAWAR GAS TURBINES

POWER PLANT (6 X 100 - 150 MW)
BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE BBS SCOPE
SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE
CONTRACT No 0025.PJ/063/DIRUT/2003
PT. PLN JASA ENJINIRING

00CPD03 00CPD01 00CPD02 00UCA 31UMB 32UMB 33UMB 31UMB 32UMB 33UMB 41UMB 42UMB 43UMB 41UMB 42UMB 43UMB
P P
PTN DWG No 1 1 2 0 - 0 0 - I - 6 9 - C W - 0 0 0 3 - 0 1
HIGH VOLTAGE EMERGENCY DIESEL SERVICE AND CEMS BYPASS STACK CEMS BYPASS STACK CEMS BYPASS STACK INHIBITOR STATION INHIBITOR STATION INHIBITOR STATION INHIBITOR STATION INHIBITOR STATION INHIBITOR STATION CEMS BYPASS STACK CEMS BYPASS STACK CEMS BYPASS STACK EMERGENCY DIESEL
SUBSTATION GENERATOR 01 INSTRUMENT AIR GT31 GT32 GT33 GT31 GT32 GT33 GT41 GT42 GT43 GT41 GT42 GT43 GENERATOR 02
Consortium PT. Siemens Indonesia - Siemens AG - PT. Balfour Beatty Sakti Indonesia - Samsung
LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL
LOCAL CONTROL PKZ/PC UA Inhaltskennzelchen Zahl Nr.
CABINET
LOCAL CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL
CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET UNID
TO HIGH VOLTAGE MONITOR CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET CABINET Type Contents Code Reg No.
IN CCR IDS306 YD00 8100 800001 420370806
BBS SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE
SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE SAMSUNG SCOPE
MUARA TAWAR II GTPP
YD00
00CSA 32UMB 31UHN 32UHN 33UHN 31UMB 32UMB 33UMB 41UMB 42UMB 43UMB 41UHN 42UHN 43UHN 00CSA 2003-06-10 Kraus
2003-06-10 Prechtl
2003-06-10 Waligora
I&C System Configuration 8100
R 800001
Export classification AL: ECCN: Power Generation

W713 420370806 b
12 - 3
Goods labeled with "AL not equal to N" are subject to European or German
export authorization when being exported out of the EU. Goods labeled with b 2003-11-17 Lange Kraus Modification during Detail Design
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is "ECCN not equal to N" are subject to US reexport authorization. Even without a 2003-09-19 Lange Kraus Modification during Detail Design
not permitted without express written authority. a label, or with label "AL:N" or "ECCN:N", authorization may be required due 1 of 1
- 2003-06-10 Kraus Prechtl First Issue
Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created by to the final whereabouts and purpose for which the goods are to be used.
patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2001 tt.dgn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Automation system
Overview
§ The automation system is the interface to the process.

§ It receives analog and binary process variables from transmitters at the field level.
§ This information is processed in open- and closed-loop control algorithms by the automation system,
which then issues the commands to the actuators (motors, valves, etc. ).
Three system versions of the automation system are used to meet all the requirements
of a power plant:
§ The basic automation system (AS620 B - SIMATIC-S5) for general automation tasks is used for
the majority of automation functions from protection of an auxiliary device up to unit coordination
control.
§ The turbine governor control system (AS 620 T - SIMADYN D) allows very short system
reaction times.
§ The failsafe system(AS620 F - S5-95F) is used for safety-related protection tasks (e.g. GT
protection) and safety-related open loop controls which are subject to approval (e.g. burner
management).
12 - 4
Automation system
Structure
§ The core of the basic automation is SIMATIC S5 CPUs. The CPUs carries out the automation
function such as open-loop control, closed-loop control and protection.
Extensive power-plant specific software function blocks, e.g. the subgroup controller or closed-loop
controllers, are available for this.
§ The Automation Server communicate with each other via the Plant Bus which is connected to the
Terminal Bus via the Processor Unit (PU).
§ The field devices e.g. transducers and actuators are connected to I/O modules.
The I/O modules communicate with the related Automation Server via Field Bus (PROFIBUS DP - L2
Bus).
Redundancy
The process operation and monitoring functionality is guaranteed by redundancy.
§ 1-out-of-2 redundancy of the Processing Unit (PU), Server Unit (SU) and the Automation Server (AS)
§ Parallel redundancy of the Operating Terminals (OT’s) (two or more components have the same
functions and each component works autonomously)
§ The communication between the I/O modules and the processors (Automation Servers) will be
duplicated.
12 - 5
User Interface - Operation Terminal (OT)

§ UNIX Computer (PC)
§ The complete user interface (HMI) of

OT
OM 650 is installed on every OT
Terminal Bus § Managing all the HMI functions and

PU all displays for the plant on the local
SU
hard disk
§ Access to all short-term and long-

The Operation Terminal is used for operation and term archives
monitoring of the process and therefore forms the interface
between the user and the process.
§ Between the OT and PU/SU, only
An OT comprises the following components: process data, process states and
§ Desktop mini-tower with UNIX Operation System operation information are exchanged
§ Graphics interface for up to 4 monitors that ensures that the processing
§ Monitors functions of the PU and SU are
isolated from the display functions of
§ Mouse
the OT.
§ Keyboard
§ Module for interfacing to the terminal bus
12 - 6
Processing Unit (PU)

The main tasks of a PU are:
§ Processing the communication between the OM and
AS for the associated plant areas
§ Updating an image of the current values or states
of the associated plant areas OT
§ Storing all data changes (events) for the

associated plant areas in a short-term archive
Terminal Bus
(approx. 3 days)
Processing
§ Transfer of the data into the long term SU Unit (PU) PU
archive every 20 sec.
§ Applying binary status information to logic circuits Ring memory
and obtaining status changes 10 GB
Plant Bus
§ Performing process information functions
AS
§ Performing calculations
§ Supplying the dynamic information for the
operating terminals (output and updating
of dynamic display information).
§ One PU can handle up to 14 Automation Server
§ The PU is implemented in 1-out-of-2 redundancy. In this case, two PUs that are identical with respect
to hardware and software are installed and assigned to each other as a redundant pair.
12 - 7
Server Unit (SU)

The SU is only connected to the Terminal Bus via which the communication with the PUs and OT’s is
processed. At least one Magneto Optic Drive (MOD) has to be connected for exporting archive data and
evaluating it.
The main tasks of a SU are:
§ Long term archive with external data storage
§ Design of the archive is organized as a ring memory OT
§ Storage capacity for all signals approx. 6 years

§ Transfer of data to MOD Terminal Bus
SU MOD
Ring memory
§ Execution of LOG functions PU
Server Unit 120 GB
(SU)
§ Managing all data descriptions planned on the
ES 680 in a central database. This information
is required mainly by the HMI functions and log Plant Bus
functions throughout the network. (BDM)

AS
§ The SU is implemented in 1-out-of-2 redundancy. In this case, two SUs that are identical with respect
to hardware and software are installed and assigned to each other as a redundant pair.
12 - 8
Time Synchronization
§ Measurement and automation systems
involving multiple devices often require
OT accurate timing in order to facilitate event
synchronization and data correlation.
Terminal Bus § To achieve this synchronization, devices time
server in the system must have direct access
Time Server
(SICLOCK)
to timing signals from a common source
(GPS).
PU
Plant Bus § Time resolution 1 ms

§ Time stamping accuracy system wide
according cycle time setting:
CM104
AS § for ET200: 100ms, 200ms, 400ms, ...
§ for AddFEM: 8ms, 16ms, 32ms, …
§ SOE time stamping accuracy:

§ with AddFEM SOE: 1 ms
§ with ET200M SOE: 4 ms
12 - 9
Network (Plant Bus & Terminal Bus )

§ The Ethernet provides the basis for the communication between the installed system elements.
Redundancy Manager (RM)

Industrial Ethernet Benefits
Optical Switch
module redundant n 100 Mbit/sec, standard protocol
(OSM ITP62) electrical/optical
PU TCP/IP,
network
n Up to 150 km (OSM) and 50

OSM per network
AP ES
n A high degree of availability
100 Mbit/s
by fast redundancy switchover
(complete transmission
after 0.3 sec)
AP
n Max. 3000 m between two
OSM’s
AP
AP
12 - 10
OSM (Optical Switch Module)

They are installed as a ring structure with exactly one OSM defined as Redundancy Manager (RM).
6 electrical ports: 6 x 10/100 Mbps

2 fibre optic ports: 2 x 100 Mbps
Port 8 Port 7 Port 8

Port 7
Plant Bus /
Terminal Bus
Fibre optic connection (for long distance data
ITP cable to Automation System
transmission)
12 - 11
TXP Automation Server - AS620B - rack
Power Supply
‘PS955’
CPU ‘948’
Interface module
‘IM324’ & ‘IM 304’
‘AP-AP-connection’
Communication
module ‘CP1430’ -
Plant Bus connection
(SINEC H1)
Interface module ‘IM308C’

PROFIBUS - connection
(L2-bus)
12 - 12
PROFIBUS Structure- SINEC L2-BUS

Profibus DP is a protocol made for communication between Profibus masters and their remote
I/O slaves
SIMATC S5
IM308C IM308C
IM153-2 IM153-2
IM153-2
PROFIBUS DP Field Bus benefits
§ Communication over two-wire cables § User-friendly, high data security, high

and fiber-optic cables availability
§ Bus access control: token passing with § Transmission rate up to 12 Mbit/s

subordinate master-slave, equidistant
12 - 13
DP bus cycle
12 - 14 Muara Tawar GTPP / IDS306, Copyright © Siemens AG 2015 / Center of Competence- Energy Solutions
Ì¸» ®»°®±¼«½¬·±²ô ¬®¿²³··±² ±® «» ±º ¬¸· ¼±½«³»²¬ ±® ·¬ ½±²¬»²¬
· ²±¬ °»®³·¬¬»¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ »¨°®» ©®·¬¬»² ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ò
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position of module end-resitor

switched to 'ON' !!
ß¼¼® í
ÐÎÑÚ×ÞËÍ ½¿¾´» ß¼¼® ì

²«³¾»®
Ì§°» ±º ³±¼«´»
wire color
RD = red cabinet, slot
GN = green
ÑÔÓ
ß¼¼® ë ß¼¼® ê
position of module end-resitor

Station profibus-address of
interface module
12 - 15
ÑÔÓ
ß¼¼® é ß¼¼® è
Station profibus-address of
interface module position of module end-resitor
switched to 'ON' !! - Last Station
12 - 16
Process Interfaces
All analogue and binary process variables from transmitters at the field level and commands performed
by the operator, or issued by the implemented automation functions are acquired through a process
interface:
§ The hardware for the process interface within TELEPERM XP for the basic automation is the
SIMATIC S7- ET200M system.
§ Each station comprises of an redundant IM153-2 interface module which is linked to the automation
processor via POFIBUS-DP link and up to 8 I/O modules.
I/O modules Plug-in bus
§ All I/O modules are hooked up in the rack and connected

via plug-in bus with the interface module (IM153-2).
Interface Module IM153-2
§ The modules can be combined as required. for Profibus DP
§ The stations can be configured with active bus modules (online), and if necessary, the I/O modules
can be replaced during normal operation with power applied (“hot-swap”).
The remaining modules continue to operate normally.
12 - 17
SIMATIC - ET200M
Type of module
Status LED‘s
Module end-resistor switch
switches for Station Address
L2 Profibus redundant
12 - 18
IM 153-2 redundant
SIMATIC - ET200M
redundant interface module IM153-2
From ES680 (Software diagram of hardware configuration)
From cabinet arrangement drawing
ET200M - Input/Output modules

12 - 19
SIMATIC - ET200M - Input / Output modules

Types of ET200M I/O-modules:
§ SM 321: Digital Input module, 16/32 channels for 24V DC rated input voltage
(for example for binary switches, proximity switches, etc.)
§ SM 322: Digital Output module, 16/32 channels for 24V DC (0.5A current) rated
output voltage (for example for solenoid valves, DC contactors and
indication lights)
§ SM 323: Digital Input/Output module, 32 channels for 24 V DC rated output voltag

for up to 4 actuators
§ SM 331_7NF: Analog Input module, 8 channels for voltage and current input
(0…10V, 0…20mA, 4…20mA) (2wire, 4wire measurements)
§ SM 331_7PF: Analog Input module, 8 channels for thermpocouple inputs
§ SM 332: Analog Output module, 4 channels for current and voltage output
12 - 20
SIMATIC - ET200M cabinet
Interface
module(IM153-2)
I/O modules
(ET200M)
Fuses
terminal
strip
field cable
Chapter 13
Turbine Controller (SIMADYN) & Protection

Systems (S5-95F)
Turbine Governor
The turbine governor is designed for the high speed control tasks on gas and steam turbines.
Structure
§ The complete turbine governor is processed in a separate Automation System - SIMADYN D
§ The turbine governor software is performed in dedicated CPU‘s (PM6), which are designed for
extremly high computing performance.
§ The turbine control system communicates with the TXP and the via H1-bus (Industrial Ethernet).
§ Fast I/O modules (AddFEM ), which are specifically designed to meet the requirements of turbine
controls are used for the communication with the field.
§ Very short reaction and cycle times allow processing of even the fastest and sophisticated closed-
loop controls.
Redundancy
§ High availability will be achieved by a complete redundant configuration of the automation
processors. Redundancy in this context means the implementation of a 1-out-of-2 structure. In case
of malfunction of the master, the control is transfered to the stand-by processor without manual
intervention being required.
§ Using two identical components in parallel increases the availability.
§ In the turbine controller redundant I/O modules are used, i.e. each signal is processed with
two module channels
13 - 1
Turbine Governor Scheme

SIMADYN D - AS620T
Automation Server
Plant Bus
PM6
Function module for for high
TXP - AS620B dynamic performance
PROFIBUS DP
ET200M
ET200M
AddFEM (Additional Front End Module)

AddFEM
ET200M AddFEM Optimized process interface for turbine

control applications
13 - 2
Speed detection
Control valve
Turbine Governor - SIMADYN D
Power Supply
PM6 - Processor Module

64bit with a Flash-Ram
EM11 - Binary and

Analog- In/Output Module
EA12 - Analog Output

Module
CS7 - Communication
Module, PROFIBUS to
AddFEM I/O modules
CSH11 -
Communication
Module, SINEC H1
to Plant Bus
CS12/CS22
Communication Module,
Fiber-Optic Rack Coupling
13 - 3
CS7 - Communication Module,

PROFIBUS to AddFEM I/O
modules
EM11 - Binary and Analog-
In/Output Module CSH11 - Communication
PM6 - Processor Module Module, SINEC H1 to
EA12 - Analog
64bit with a Flash-Ram Plant Bus
Output Module
CS12/CS22
Communication Module,
Fiber-Optic Rack Coupling
13 - 4
Turbine Governor Components

CPU module - PM6
The PM6 application module has been designed for high dynamic performance
closed-loop control and technological applications in a SIMADYN station.
§ 64 bit RISC floating-point processor
§ fastest cycle times of 0.1 ms – typical, 0.5 ms
§ DRAM 8 MByte (SD), contains program code, data memory for the
operating system, communications, message buffer, trace function
§ SRAM 256 Kbyte, contains operating system error diagnostics, which are
to be saved during and after a power failure
CPU module, PM6
PM6
SUPERVISION
AS620 B any alarm: switchover to faulted controller is blocked, Electro-
hydraulic Control
actuators Valves
Bus Redundant 1 (Master)) RED 1 I
Hardware I/O I
(time-critical signals)
I
AddFEM I/O module Redundant 2 (Slave) RED 2 I
(hot stand-by)
AddFEM I/O module

13 - 5
Turbine Governor Components

AddFEM (Additional Front End Module)
§ 3 counting pulse inputs for precise speed detection
§ 12 Analog Inputs (0/4..20mA, ±30mA, 0..10V, ±10V)
§ 8 Analog Outputs (0/4..20mA, ±20mA, ±50mA)
§ 12 Digital Inputs
§ 16 Digital Outputs
§ Connection via PROFIBUS-DP
§ Due to the design of its analog I/O measuring

ranges, the AddFEM does not require any additional
signal transducers when operated in turbine loop
control systems.
§ In addition to the usual measuring ranges, the
module provides a ±30 mA measuring range
(e.g. for Ctrl-Valve position).
§ An additional ±50 mA measuring range at the analog
outputs supports the control of final control elements
with higher current consumption, such as fuel control
valves, without additional signal amplifier.
13 - 6
AddFEM I/O modules

Gas Turbine Governor (CJR01)

Overview
It is responsible for:
§ Low-stress startup and shutdown of the turbine
§ Synchronization with the grid
§ Loading of the turbine
§ Frequency stabilization
§ Ability to manage a load rejection and to cover plant load requirements
§ Prevention of overloading of the gas turbine
§ Prevention of overloading of the compressor
§ Reaction to faults and special operating conditions
The gas turbine controller incorporates the following slave controllers:
§ Run-up ramp generator with protection function
§ Speed/load controller
§ Exhaust temperature controller
§ Limit load controller
§ Compressor pressure ratio limit controller
§ IGV temperature controller
§ Compressor IGV position controller
§ Valve lift controllers
13 - 7
O P E R A T IN G &
M O N IT O R IN G
A U T O M A T IO N U N IT
A L A R M S P G A S
/U 2
G A S T E M P E R A T U R E R U N U P F U N C T IO N & F P -P G A S
(A V E R A G E o f 3 ) P R O T E C T IO N F U N C T IO N P V 2 1 / P V 2 2
2 M
T R IP O IL T R IP O IL > 1 P V 2 /U 2 A P V 2 M A X
L o g ic X
T R IP G A S T R IP G A S
F P -T R IP M F P -P V 2 P V 2 M A X F (x )
I
N F P -E G H B
N T
1 V 3 C O M P O U T P R E S S G R A D L IM C T R L G A S T E M P E R A T U R E
3
F P -N T F P -H L G
A N T
E G H B
N T S P E E D -/L O A D C O N T R O L L E R P V 2 1 / P V 2 2
N S
P O R T IO N E R
F P -N S
L S E /G S E F P -V P G R
M F (x ) H S G /U 2
F U E L S
K
C O M P P R E S S R A T IO L IM C T R L
K I
P S
N S T E R N
H V L
w N
F (x ) H S O D R /U 2
O M /U 2
x F P -S T S
F P -P S
L o g ic P V 2 M A X
K
F P -L A W P V I
2
P E L M F P -N P R
A F P -V P V R
X L O A D L IM IT C O N T R O L L E R
F P -P E L
N T T V
IG V T E M P C O N T R O L L E R IG V L IF T C O N T R O L L E R
T S X /
T S M A X
N S T E R N F P -P G R
B A S E -/
P E A K L o g ic
L O A D F P -T S
M
O U T L T E M P C T R L I
T E M P
N
T V (A V o f 4 ) T V
_ Y V L
T A T V T A
X /U 2
S T E U E R U N G 6 A T K
O P E N L O O P
C O N T R O L F P -L T R F P -L S R
F P -A T K
F P -A T K R H V L
_ /U 2
T A D T A D
6 X
B L O C K L E IT E B E N E
U N IT L E V E L F P -A T D
C O N T R O L V G H V L
L T R E
A N T
P V I
/U 2
A T K = C O R R E C T E D O U T L E T T E M P E R A T U R E L M U = L O A D T R A N S D U C E R
D IW = S P E E D P U L S E C O N V E R T E R IG V = IN L E T G U ID E V A N E
D a te 0 1 .0 8 .2 0 0 3 V x 4 .2 H D F B G T Y F H = _ _ U 1
13 - 8
G a s tu r b in e n r e g le r /G a s T u r b . C o n tr o lle r R E S T R IC T E D + _ _ C J R 0 1
M u a ra T a w a r
R 0 A s B u ilt 0 7 /0 4 R F
D ra w n N a k o n z
S c h a lle r ID S 3 0 6
S IE M E N S A G Ü b e r s ic h ts p la n F ü h r u n g s r e g le r /
A p p r. F u n c tio n C h a r t M a s te r C o n tr o lle r S h .N o .
R e v . R e m a rk s D a te N a m e N o rm P G G 1 3 4 O r ig ./ R e p l. b y V x 4 .2 H D B a s ic C o n c e p t 0 1 .0 8 .2 0 0 3 Ü b e r s ic h ts p la n /F u n c tio n C h a r t S h s .

P L A N T
F U E L O IL N A T U R A L G A S
P G A S /U 1
C V E S V E S V
L IF T C O N T R O L L E R P IL O T G A S
G A S T E M P E R A T U R E /U 1
P G A S S E R V O A C T U A T O R
C V
P IL O T
H P
D IF F O IL
H V L F P -R S P
C V
F P -S T S P
T V /U 1 L IF T C O N T R O L L E R G A S
E S V
S E R V O A C T U A T O R
H S G /U 1
F P -R S G
L IF T C O N T R O L L E R O IL D O R L
S E R V O A C T U A T O R
H S O D R
/U 1
F P -R S O D R
2
P V 2 /U 1
G
N T 3
3 ~
D IW
T A 6 3
T A D 6
Y V L
Y V L /U 1
T V
L S E /G S E
P E L 2
/U 1 L M U
H V L /U 1
D a te 0 1 .0 8 .2 0 0 3 V x 4 .2 H D F B G T Y F H = _ _ U 2
13 - 9
G a s tu r b in e n r e g le r /G a s T u r b . C o n tr o lle r R E S T R IC T E D + _ _ C J R 0 1
M u a ra T a w a r
R 0 A s B u ilt 0 7 /0 4 R F
D ra w n N a k o n z
S c h a lle r ID S 3 0 6
S IE M E N S A G Ü b e r s ic h ts p la n B r e n n s to ffr e g e lu n g /
A p p r. F u n c tio n C h a r t F u e l C o n tr o l S h .N o .
R e v . R e m a rk s D a te N a m e N o rm P G G 1 3 4 O r ig ./ R e p l. b y V x 4 .2 H D B a s ic C o n c e p t 0 1 .0 8 .2 0 0 3 Ü b e r s ic h ts p la n /F u n c tio n C h a r t S h s .

Gas System (OM650)
Fuel Oil System (OM650)
Gas Turbine Protection System

The Protection system is an open-loop system, which serves to prevent damage to or destruction of
machines, and averts impacts on the environment by shutting down the equipment in hazardous
situations.
There are two different types of Turbine protection:

§ The “normal” protection circuits, which are not time-critical (analogue signals), are processed in the
basic automation system (AS620 B - S5 CPU with S7-ET200M).
§ The “fail-safe” protection circuit, which is processed in the fail-safe automation system (AS620 F)
which consists of the S5-95F.
The fail-safe protection system, integrated in the automation system, is designed for a maximum of
safety on the basis of sophisticated diagnosis functions and I/O‘s of special design.
Definition of “Fail-safe”:
An action taken or a mechanism put in place to avoid a dangerous situation. Fail-safe does not
mean that something is unable to fail (the term used for this is fail-secure), but instead means
that if something does fail, the device will do whatever possible to minimize the negative
outcomes.
13 - 12
GT Protection Cabinet CJP41
Failsafe protection
System: S5-95F
FUSES
§ 4x redundant
§ pairwise monitoring
§ Acting on ESV only
FUSES § Digital I/O only
FUSES
FUSES
POWER
SUPPLY
13 - 13
GT Protection Cabinet CJP41

§ The automation server (AS620 F - S5-95F) is suitable to carry out fail-safe protection loops, which
are subject to approval by a technical monitoring board.
§ The processing of the signals used for the protection is divided in fail-safe and non-fail-safe functions.
§ The analogue signals are handled by the basic automation server (AS620 B) with standard I/O
modules (S7-ET200M).
The I/O modules are linked to the basic automation server (AS620 B) with a redundant Profibus DP
(L2-bus).
§ The Failsafe protection (binary signals) is implemented in the S5-95F (AS620 F).
Using a special fail-safe software package, a fail-safe I/O module configuration (2x2 redundancy) and
the communication between S5-95F CPU and the basic automation system (AS620 B) via L1-bus.
§ The two CPU’s (A1/B1 and A2/B2) monitor each other, automatically test the output wiring (to the
ESV), and place the fail-safe signal module in the event of a fault in a safe state,
(0V=Trip= Passivation)
The trip system comprises the following essential trip circuits:

§ Natural gas emergency stop valve
§ Fuel oil emergency stop valve
§ Fuel oil diffusion feed line emergency stop valve
§ Fuel oil diffusion return line emergency stop valve
13 - 14
Gas Turbine Trip Criteria

Central Trip Criteria Unit Protection 1of2
Fire Protection 2of3
Bearing Temperature Protection 2of3
Manual Trip System 1of2
Bearing Casing vibration Protection 2of3 Compressor Surge Protection 2of3
Turbine Temperature Protection (2x) 2of3 Natural Gas Leakage Protection 2of3
(hot spot, cold spot,etc) Overspeed Protection (2x) 2of3
Monitoring of Turb. exhaust Temp Meas. 6of6
Fuel Specific Trip Criteria:
Lube Oil Tank Level Monitoring 2of2
Fuel Gas:
Lube Oil Pressure Protection 2of3 NG controller Trip 1of2
Cold Air Temperature Protection f. Generator 2of3 ESV has left OPEN position 2of3
Faults of NG ball valves logic
Over-/Under-Frequency Protection logic
Faults in the NG fuel system logic
Compressor Shut-off Damper Protection 2of3 Fuel Oil:
Hydraulic System Pressure Protection 2of3 FO controller Trip 1of2
ESV has left OPEN position 2of3
Monitoring of CC drain valves (FO) 2of2
Faults of FO ball valves logic
Overall Position Monitoring of Ball Valves logic Faults in the FO fuel system logic
13 - 15
Gas Turbine Trip System

Electronic Protection Turbine Trip System The gas turbine trip system functions are
System (AS620 B) (AS620 F) (fail-safe) structured in the fail-safe gas turbine protection
(non-fail-safe) - Binary- system with normally energized circuitry, that
- Analog- Software
means in case of „NO TRIP“ the trip lines are
AP energized (with 24V DC), which supplies the
„TRIP“ S5-95F (A1)
AP-A AP-B „TRIP“ solenoids of the trip valves with 24V DC (L+) and
„TRIP“ Ground (M) and keep them in „OPEN“ position.
„TRIP“
„TRIP“
≥1
L+ 24V M
1 of 2 (FS)
1
S5-95F (B1)
Red. L2-Bus 24V = „NO 1 of 2 (FS)

TRIP“
S5-95F (A2)
Fail-safe signal
S7-ET200M
transmission:
24V = „NO TRIP“
24V = „NO TRIP“
S5-95F (B1)
S7-ET200M
Fail-safe signal
transmission: 2 of 3
24V = „NO TRIP“ Overspeed
Prot.System
Turbine Trip
13 - 16
Valve
Flame Monitoring System

Function:
§ The flame monitoring system has the task of detecting whether a flame is present. If this is not the
case, it then interrupts fuel supply by actuating gas turbine trip to prevent inadequate combustion.
§ Each of the two silo-type combustion chambers is equipped with two flame sensors that acquire the
radiation emitted by flames (ultraviolet to infrared).
The flame sensors are located in the lower region of the silo-type combustion chamber and monitor
flame formation.
§ For further processing in the protection logic, each of these evaluation modules outputs a binary
signal that is "1" if a flame is detected.
§ For gas turbines fitted with two fuel systems (e.g. natural gas, fuel oil), where additionally the ignition
gas supply for fuel oil start is effected through natural gas passage, each of four optical flame signals
are transmitted respective to the couple of optoelectric converter and than transferred to the separate
flame evaluation modules.
§ If the “FLAME ON” signal is “Not active” from both dedicated flame monitors of any combustion
chamber during operation of the gas turbine (both sensors are not detecting a flame), a gas turbine
trip is actuated (2-out-of-2 logic). The trip signals of both combustion chambers developed this way
act in 1-out-of-2 logic on the trip line.
§ When the gas turbine is started (“ESV OPEN” command), the “Flame ON” signal must be present
after a delay of 12 second after the opening of the fuel emergency stop valve.
§ If one of the flame sensors delivers a “Flame ON” signal as long as no fuel gets into the gas turbine
13 - 17
the start up release of the gas turbine is suppressed by actuation of the central trip system.
Flame Monitoring System (2-out-of-2)

The four flame evaluation modules are installed in the instrumentation cabinet of the gas turbine (CJQ01)
Left combustion chamber Right combustion chamber
Flame Monitoring Unit

13 - 18
Flame Sensor/Flame Scanner

Flame Monitoring System (2-out-of-2)
S7-400
RIGHT CC
RIGHT CC
AS 620 B
De-Energize-To-Trip
LEFT CC
LEFT CC
S5-95F
13 - 19
Speed Monitoring (2-out-of-3)

§ Two overspeed protection circuits (each consisting of 3 sensors) monitor the speed of the gas turbine.
Rotation of the shaft past 6 inductive magnetic field sensors generates a frequency signal, which is
proportional to the speed of the gas turbine. This pulse (frequency) signal is then converted in the
monitoring modules into an analog value. The speed limit for trip actuation is set such that this value
will not be exceeded under normal operating conditions.
§ The binary limit signals from the speed monitoring modules are output via hardwiring to the fail-safe
gas turbine protection system on normally energized circuitry.
The protection logic in the fail-safe gas turbine protection system is implemented in 2 independent
protection circuits, each using 2-out-of-3 logic.
Three of the six limit signals are processed in each protection circuit.
§ A test generator is implemented for each group of three limit value monitors. This test generator runs a
test program which generates a value slightly below the overspeed limit value and slightly above the
overspeed limit value expecting the module behave correctly.
The test program runs cyclically or can be started manually. When an abnormal behavior of the
monitoring module is detected during this test, e.g. one channel is not tripping while overspeed value
is generated, the test program is stopped and protection trip for this circuit is then subject to 1-out-of-2
trip logic. An automatic acknowledgement of the detected overspeed protection faults with following
start of the test program is carried out during gas turbine startup.
13 - 20
Speed Monitoring (2-out-of-3)

Overspeed Protection Overspeed Protection
System 1 System 2
Test Signal Monitor Monitor Monitor Test Signal Monitor Monitor Monitor
Generator Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3 Generator Sensor 4 Sensor 5 Sensor 6
Differential-Hall-Effect based Speed-Sensors

13 - 21
Actual Speed Value Formation

A ring of slots is machined into a section of the gas turbine shaft
Speed setpoint
Protection cabinet CJP41
Speed/Load controller
Run-up & protection function
Open-loop control
Actual temperature formation
BRAUN impulse converter
Plant
Overspeed Protection
Speed monitoring Actual Speed

Pulse 1
Pulse 2
Pulse3
Alarm:
Zeit Gas Turbine
Channel 3 Fault Overspeed Protection Controller
13 - 22
Manual Trip circuit (1-out-of-2)

Five emergency STOP pushbuttons are arranged at appropriate locations in the gas turbine plant.
These allow the operating personnel to actuate a gas turbine trip if necessary.
Mounting at the following points:
§ I&C container (PCC)

§ Remote control station (CCR mosaic panel)
§ Along the escape routes in the turbine building (at three different locations)
§ The emergency stop pushbuttons are equipped with 2 trip contacts and one signaling contact.
§ The series connection of the trip contacts produces two signals on normally energized circuitry which
actuate a gas turbine trip in the fail-safe gas turbine protection system with 1-out-of-2 trip logic.
§ The status of the signaling contact for each emergency STOP pushbutton is read into the basic
automation system (AS620 B) and a message output when it is tripped.
§ The emergency stop pushbuttons are latched when pressed and must be released manually.
13 - 23
Manual Trip circuit (1-out-of-2)
=
Non- Coincidence-Alarm
Bearing Casing Vibration Protection (2-out-of-2)

The vibration protection circuits monitor the absolute vibration velocity of
the compressor, turbine and generator bearing housings against alarm
and trip limits.
Inadmissible vibrations can be caused by unbalance or blade breakage,
for example.
Piezoelectric
The vibration velocity is measured with the vibration monitoring system Accelerometer
from “VlBRO-METER", consisting of piezo-electric pickups, charge Type CA 202/201
amplifiers, and digital processor modules.
§ The charge amplifiers are mounted in the immediate vicinity of the

pickups.
§ The digital processor modules and their associated I/O modules are
located in the instrumentation cabinet of the gas turbine I&C.
§ The vibration velocity is a measure for the smooth running of the
generator.
If the vibration velocity increases above the alarm or trip limits
§ an alarm (HIGH) is issued

§ a trip alarm (TOO HIGH) is issued and a gas turbine trip actuated.
Signal Conditioner IPC704 converts
The purpose of the gas turbine trip is to prevent serious damage to the the signal from a piezoelectric
turbine-generator. transducer into a current or a voltage
13 - 25
signal
Bearing Casing Vibration Protection (2-out-of-2)
AS620 B
Shaft Vibration Monitoring for Generator

§ The vibration monitoring circuits monitor the relative shaft
vibration of the generator against two alarm limits.
Inadmissible vibrations can be caused by unbalance, for
example.
§ The relative shaft vibration is measured as vibration
displacement with the vibration monitoring system from “VlBRO-
METER", consisting of proximity transducers, signal
conditioners and digital processor modules.
Proximity Transducer
§ The signal conditioners are mounted in the immediate vicinity of Type TQ 402/412
the pickups. The digital processor modules and their associated
I/O modules are located in the Instrumentation cabinet.
§ The relative shaft vibration is a measure for the smooth running
of the turbine-generator. If the relative shaft vibration increases
above the alarm limits
§ a first alarm (HIGH) is issued

§ a second alarm (TOO HIGH) is issued
An automatic gas turbine trip actuation is not necessary.

PROXIMITY SYSTEM Signal Conditioner
As long as the bearing casing vibration protection does not actuate Type IQS 450 generates the
it shall be decided by the operator to shut down the gas turbo set necessary electromagnetic field used to
measure the gap between the transducer
manually due to too high generator shaft vibrations. tip and the target, using the eddy current
13 - 27
principle.
Relative Shaft Vibration Monitoring for Generator
AS620 B
Vibration Monitoring
Vibrometer VM600 Rack-Layout
Programmable Analog Input cards Redundant Power

CPU supply modules
13 - 28
Bearing temperature protection (2-out-of-3)

§ These protection circuits monitor the metal temperatures of the compressor, turbine and generator
bearings against alarm and trip limits. The metal temperatures are measured with triple NiCr-Ni
thermocouples at each measuring point.
§ Three-channel measured-value acquisition (three analogue input modules)
§ The protection logic is structured as a 2-out-of-3 coincidence logic function,
with plausibility monitoring against a MIN limit, with monitoring for mutual
deviation of the measured values and with formation of default initiation
signals.
§ In the event of wire break for a thermocouple, the measured-value acquisition
affected forms a default initiation signal. This default initiation signal prepares
the two intact protection circuit channels for a 1-out-of-2 trip. If a further
measurement channel is faulted, the last remaining intact temperature measurement signal triggers
trip in 1-outof- 1 logic.
If the alarm or trip limits are exceeded on inadmissible temperature rises

§ an alarm (HIGH) is issued
§ a trip alarm (TOO HIGH) is issued and a gas turbine trip is actuated.
The purpose of the gas turbine trip is to prevent serious damage to the
bearings and consequential damage in the turbine and generator regions.
13 - 29
Bearing temperature protection (2-out-of-3)
AS620 B
Chapter 14
Diagrams & Functions (ES680)

Diagrams
§ The different types of diagrams are processed in the Engineering Station (ES 680).
§ They contain the complete plant structure from overall bus structure via hardware arrangement &
assignement to the individual logic function.
§ The information is compiled („Code Generation“) and loaded to the Automation Server
Arrangement Diagrams Function Diagrams
Topology diagram AS Structure Module Structure Function Function Function Diagram
OT OT
diagram diagram Diagram Overview Diagram Area Individual
CP CP SU
CP CP CP AP-B SGC Gasturbine
ET200M BO 16C
ET200M BI 16C
ET200M AI 8 C
AP-A
ET200M DCM
PU
GT CTRL SGC FO
IM 153-2R
IM 153-2R
CP SGC LUB OIL
CP
SGC NG >1
ES ET200M ET200M ET200M
CP SLC 1 &
SLC 1 SLC 1
ET200M ET200M ET200M
SLC 2 SLC 2
CP CP CP CP
ET200M
ET200M ET200M ET200M station redundant
SLC 2
YDH YDM YDR YFH YFM YFR
Engineering
Server
(ES 680)
Plant Bus
Automation
Server (AS)
14 - 1
Start FUP Editor

§ Select „Edit“ at the „ES 680“-window
§ Select „FUP-Editor“
§ The „FUP-Editor“- window will open
14 - 2
YDH, YDM, YDR, YFH, YFM, YFR
Select the Type of diagram:
Enter diagram name

Load Diagram
Arrangement Diagrams
Engineering Hierarchy:
Overview level Topology
AP; FUM; SIM

Area level
cabinet allocation
AP; FUM; SIM

Individual level
sub-rack allocation
14 - 4
Topologie Diagram - Overview (YDH)

§ The Topology Diagram (YDH) shows all computers and Automation Systems which are connected to
the network.
§ It includes AP‘s, OSM‘s, Plant bus, Terminal bus ,PU, SU & OT.
14 - 5
AS Structure Diagram - Area (YDM)
§ The AS structure diagram - YDM

gives you information about the
complete L-2 bus structure
(including station address of the
Interfacemodules (IM152) within
one complete AP line
14 - 6
Module Structure Diagram - Individual (YDR (1))

Graphical design of module allocation inside an Automation Rack
§ redundant Automation Server (AS620)
14 - 7
Module Structure Diagram - Individual (YDR (2))

§ ET200M stations
+FA
§ For each module an individual channel
assigment can be done.
§ Depending on the type of module the specific
signal must be defined with plant identification
code (KKS), signal name and type of signal
14 - 8
Function Diagrams
Engineering Hierarchie
Overview level Software & process function
Area level
Specific logic
Individual level
Specific logic
14 - 9
Function Diagram - Overview (YFH)
!! See next page !!
§ This type of function diagram gives you an

overview about the systems and
subsystems of the Power Plant.
§ From there, „downward-navigation“ to the
specific function diagrams (YFM & YFR) is
possible to get more detailed information
14 - 10
Function Diagram - Area (YFM)

§ This type of function
diagram gives you
detailed overview about
the logic of the of the
process function
14 - 11
Function Diagram - Individual (YFR)
Inputs
Signal flow -
Presentation
of
Functions
Outputs
General description of the plan
14 - 12

Signal from:
31BFT01GT002 - XB02
LV INC FEEDER - OFF
Input
Signal
Signal name (def): definition
31BFT01GT001 - XB01
LV TRF CB - ON
Output
Connected to:
31BFT01GT002
LV INC FEEDER
14 - 13

Inputs / Outputs according to KKS
Functional Group Control / Sub-loop Control
XA01 Automatic Control ON
XA02 Automatic Control OFF
Signal origin or Control Interface
Signal application XB01 Check-back on/opened
XB02 Check-back off/closed
XB51 Check-back not on/opened
31 BFT01 GT001 XB01 XB52 Check-back not off/closed
Closed Loop Control
XC11 Operation mode on
Muara Tawar Total Check-back on/opened XC12 Operation mode Manual
Plant No. 3 - Unit 1 Binary Signal Conditioning
Control interface XG01 Transducer signal Max-limit value
Low voltage auxiliary XG02 Transducer signal Min-limit value
power transformer 1 X - Signal Origin Limit Value Monitoring
Binary limit signals derived from
Transformer breaker XH01
analogue signals
Common Analogue Signal Origins
XQ01 Transducer signal valid
XQ21 Transducer signal valid
Functional Group Step Signals
XS01 – XS49 Start-up program
XS51 – XS97 Shutdown program
Turbine generator I&C, binary signals
XT01 Speed setpoint > 11,5 s-1
14 - 14

Presentation of Functions – Logic Section
Structure of logic section
= Input Output
Connection lines
+
Connectors
+
Logic function blocks (static)
+
Function blocks (can be dynamic)
Dynamic symbols have function block inputs, function block outputs, the
OM port and a field with the function designation.
14 - 15
Static symbols are not dynamic and they are not operable.
Digital Functions
AND Gate:
Output signal is logic “1” when all input signals are
logic “1”
OR Gate:
Output signal is logic “1” when one or more
signals are logic “1”
14 - 16
Digital Functions
NEGATOR ( NOT ) Gate:
Output signal is logic „1“ when input signals is
logic „0“
(The output signal is the opposite of the input
signal )
RS FLIP FLOP ( memory ) Gate:

n+1
Output Signal Q is set to „1“, when S-Input is „1“.
In case of „Double „1“ action of the priority setting
is followed.
Output will be stored
14 - 17
Timer Functions
The behavior of the Output depends on the following conditions:
Sequence timer ON delay
§ If the binary Input changes to ‘1’, the Output becomes ‘1’ only after the
2 s 0 time period has expired.
§ If Input changes to ‘0’ before the time has expired, the Output remains ‘0’.
§ If Input changes to ‘1’ a second time before the time has expired, the timer
function is started again (retriggered).
Input
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time [ s ]
t
Output
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time [ s ]
14 - 18
Timer Functions
The behavior of the Output depends on the following conditions:
Sequence timer OFF delay
§ If the binary Input is ‘1’, the Output is also ‘1’
0 2s § If the binary Input changes to ‘0’, the Output becomes ‘0’ only after the
time period has expired.
§ If the Input changes back to 1 before the time has expired, the Output
remains ‘1’.
Input
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time [ s ]
t t
Output
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time [ s ]
14 - 19
Pulse Functions
Pulse generator TIMER01 The behavior of the Output depends on the following conditions:
§ If the binary Input changes to ‘1’, the Output also becomes ‘1’ until the
2s
time period has expired. Then the Output is set to ‘0’.
§ Output remains ‘1’ until the duration of time range has expired.
Input
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time [ s ]
t t
Output
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time [ s ]
14 - 20
Analog Functions
ADD: SUB:
The output value (Summation) is built The output value (Difference) is built
by the following calculation rule: by the following calculation rule:
Output = Input 1 + Input 2 Output = Input 1 - Input 2
MULTIPLY: DIV:
The output value (Product) is built The output value (Quotient) is built
by the following calculation rule: by the following calculation rule:
Output = Input 1 * Input 2 Output = Input 1÷ Input 2
IN 2 ≠ 0
14 - 21
Analog Functions
ABS: MAX:
The Output is always the positive amount The output value MAX is built
of the analog Input: by the following calculation rule:
If Input >= 0, Output equals Input If Input 1 >= Input 2 then MAX equals Input 1
If Input < 0, Output equals -Input If Input 1 < Input 2 then MAX equals Input 2
AVER:
The value of AVER is the average value
of all the valid Inputs IN: MIN:
AVER = (X1 + X2 + X)/3 The output value MIN is built
by the following calculation rule:
If Input 1 <= Input 2 then MIN equals Input 1
If Input 1 > Input 2 then MIN equals Input 2
14 - 22
Process Control System

Group Control Group control level
Subgroup Subgroup
Control control
Subloop Subloop Subloop Subloop

Control Control Control Control
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Individual control level
Field
14 - 23
**IDC = Individual Drive Control level

Open Loop Control Symbols

Group Control (GC):
§ The group control function (GC) is used for controlling and monitoring up to 4 subgroup control
functions (SGC).
Depending on the status of the requirement inputs, the GC controls the required amount of Subgroup
controls in OPERATION and SHUTDOWN mode.
§ The GC combines manual and automatic commands needed in order to switch ON and OFF the GC
function and to preselect the preferred subgroup (SGC) . When the preselected subgroup is
changed, the GC tracks the affected subgroup.
§ The necessary subgroup status information for a proper interaction between the GC and the affected
subgroups is designed as a single engineering connection.
§ The operation and shutdown command outputs from the GC are engineering connections to the
automatic command inputs of the desired subgroups.
SDA EN A A A CB A
STIL STIL STIL OFF ON OPER OPER
GC
OM
PROG CB PROG STEP

STIL STIL OPER OPER
14 - 24
Open Loop Control Symbols

Subgroup Control (SGC):
The subgroup controls contain the switching sequence logic for the activation and deactivation of
equipment and subsystems required for automatic operation.
§ The “start-up” program is used to start-up parts of the plant and the “shut-down” program to shut
these down.
§ The checkback signals for start-up and shut-down sequence, release conditions for the start-up and
shut down as well as protection shut down commands are generated at the header block (SGC).
§ Subgroup controls are implemented as sequential controls (using step sequencer technology).
Within the sequence control system, the commands of a step are not active until all step criteria have
been fulfilled.
§ The time between command output and the associated checkback is monitored (where necessary).
§ All step criteria, skips and jumps belonging to the step are shown on the step block.
14 - 25
Sub-Group Control
Operation
Window OM650
Sub
ES680
The Shutdown steps are counted from 51 to 99 STEP STEP The Start-up steps are counted from 1 to 49
STIL Group OPER
Controller
Command
Output Alternative
bypass
Continuation
Criterion
14 - 26
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No. ID-code FGC Signal SEC Dest. Function Signal ID-code Dest. SEC FGC No.
Ind. Designation Setting Unit Designation Setting Unit Ind.

1 31MBY10CS901 YMBY00 XH32 /D013 1
TURBINE SPEED >47,50 s-1 N
A 2 PROT SD 2 A
/L004
3 3
4 31MBY10CS901 YMBY00 XH14 /D021 RELS STRT 4

TURBINE SPEED >8.00 s-1 N /L006
5 5
1 311/0
G/16
6 6
7 7
1 1 1
B B
8 SDA EN A CB EN A A EN CB A EN SDA 8
STIL STIL STIL STIL OFF OFF ON ON OPER OPER OPER OPER
9 9
SGC
by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved.
Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents
10 OM 311/0 XA93 10
G/16 SGC GAS TURBINE OM
11 STEP PROG CB CB_A CB_A CB CB PROG STEP x XA93 31MBY10EJ101 YP01 YCKYG1 11
STIL STIL STIL OFF ON RT OPER OPER OPER N GT31 OVERVIEW
12 12
is not permitted without express written authority.
13 FB AUT OFF 13
C /L005 C
14 SHUTDOWN START UP 14
/N001 /M001
15 XA03 15
SGC GAS TURBINE SR_PRGM
16 /B002 XA03 31MBX02AP001 YMBX00 16
N HYD MAIN PUMP
17 /B002 XA03 31MBX02AP002 YMBX00 17
N HYD STANDBY PUMP
18 /B001 XA03 31MBA18AA003 YMBN00 18
N FO DRAIN VALVE 3
D 19 MT XA03 YP60 19 D
/L060/L050 N WIN TS
20 PROG SD 20
/L004
21 21
22 & & PROG START 22

311/0 311/0 /L008
G/16 G/16
23 23
24 MT SD MT START 24
/L007 /L007/L003
E E
25 XA04 25
SGC GAS TURBINE S/D_PRGM
26 /U001 XA04 31MBY10EU011 26
N FUEL PRESELECTION
27 /U001 XA04 31MBJ01DE103 YMBJ00 27
N SFC
28 28
zz2331::muara AP 311 Cycle G AT PB 16

2004-07-20 Dep.: G134 AP-F 0 PB
F 2004-08-23 F
R
R0 As Built 30.05.2004 Date 06.06.2003 PT.PLN (PERSERO) YMYB00 FC G1 YFR = 31MYB01EC001 L001
SIEMENS AG
14 - 27
Drawn SEIDE MUARA TAWAR 800 MW +

Check JACOB Gas Turbine Power Plant IDS306 SGC GAS TURBINE Page 1
Status Modification Date Name Stand. G134 A Original replaced by. Function diagram individual level 39 Sh.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 1
A 2 2 A
3 START UP 3
/L001
4 4
5 5
6 step-no. 1 waiting time monitoring time & command XS01 6

Simul.-No. wt: mt: 30 s 1 311/0 SGC GAS TURBINE STEP 01
G/16
7 7
B B
8 S01 8
/L005/L002
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 SLS01 13
C /M002 C
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
D 19 19 D
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
E E
25 25
26 26
27 27
28 Freier Schritt für Schwarzstart-Vorbereitung / free step for black start preparation 28

2004-07-20 Dep.: G134 AP-F 0 PB
F 2004-08-23 F
R
R0 As Built 30.05.2004 Date 06.06.2003 PT.PLN (PERSERO) YMYB00 FC G1 YFR = 31MYB01EC001 M001
SIEMENS AG
14 - 28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 XS02 1
SGC GAS TURBINE STEP 02
A 2 SLS01 /B001 XS02 31MBA10AT001 YMBL00 2 A
/M001 N ANTI COND HEAT COMPR
3 RESTS14 /D003 XS02 31MBY10DT040 YMBY00 3
/M014 N POSITION SETPOINT
4 /B001 XS02 31MBA18AA001 YMBN00 4
N FO DRAIN VALVE 1
5 step-no. 2 waiting time monitoring time & command /T001 XS02 31MBL20EE010 YMBL00 5
Simul.-No. wt: 3 s mt: 25 s 1 311/0 N SLC COMPR AIR S/O
G/16
6 /B002 XS02 31MBX02AP001 YMBX00 6
N HYD MAIN PUMP
7 /B001 XS02 31MBX02AP002 YMBX00 7
N HYD STANDBY PUMP
B B
8 31MBP01EC001 YMBP00 ZA01 /L006 8
SGC NATURAL GAS FB ON N
9 31MBN01EC001 YMBN00 ZA01 /L006 /L004 XS02 31MBP01EC001 YMBP00 9
SGC FUEL OIL FB ON SGC NATURAL GAS
N N
10 >1 /L004 XS02 31MBN01EC001 YMBN00 10

311/0 N SGC FUEL OIL
G/16
11 /L001 XS02 31MBV01EC001 YMBV00 11
N SGC LUB OIL/TRN SYST
12 31MBY10DT040 YMBY00 XT52 K /D003 /B001 XS02 31MBA18AA003 YMBN00 12
POSITION SETPOINT ON N N FO DRAIN VALVE 3
13 31MBV01EC001 YMBV00 XA03 K /L001 13

C SGC LUB OIL/TRN SYST SR_PRGM N C
14 31MBA10AT001 YMBL00 XB02 K /B001 14
ANTI COND HEAT COMPR OFF N
15 31MBA18EU002 YMBN10 ZV04 /U001 15
FO DRAIN VALVES CLOSED N
16 16
17 & /T001 XS02 31MPR10EE010 YMPR00 17

311/0 N SLC GEN CLG PUMPS
G/16
18 /T001 XS02 31MPR30EE010 YMPR00 18
N SLC GEN CLG FANS
D 19 31MBY10CS901 YMBY00 XH32 /D013 S02 19 D
TURBINE SPEED >47,50 s-1 N /L050/L005
20 /L002 20
>1 311/0
G/16
21 LZF_S02 21
/L050
22 Start-Vorbereitung / start preparation ZS02 22
SGC GAS TURBINE S02 MT
23 FSS02 SLS02 /B101 ZS02 31MBA10AT001 YMBL00 23
/M003 /M003 N ANTI COND HEAT COMPR
24 /D003 ZS02 31MBY10DT040 YMBY00 24
N POSITION SETPOINT
E E
25 /L101 ZS02 31MBV01EC001 YMBV00 25
N SGC LUB OIL/TRN SYST
26 /L006 ZS02 31MBP01EC001 YMBP00 26
N SGC NATURAL GAS
27 /L006 ZS02 31MBN01EC001 YMBN00 27
N SGC FUEL OIL
28 /U001 ZS02 31MBA18EU002 YMBN10 28
N FO DRAIN VALVES

2004-07-20 Dep.: G134 AP-F 0 PB
F 2004-08-23 F
R
R0 As Built 30.05.2004 Date 06.06.2003 PT.PLN (PERSERO) YMYB00 FC G1 YFR = 31MYB01EC001 M002
SIEMENS AG
14 - 29

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 1
A 2 SHUTDOWN 2 A
/L001
3 3
4 step-no. 51 waiting time monitoring time & command XS51 4

Simul.-No. wt: 3 s mt: 15 min 1 311/0 SGC GAS TURBINE STEP 51
G/16
5 /U001 XS51 31MBY10EU001 5
N GAS TURBINE UNLOAD
6 *1) /U001 XS51 31MBJ01DE103 YMBJ00 6
N SFC
7 /U001 XS51 31MKY01DE011 YMKY01 7
N SELECTION UNIT CB
B B
8 /U001 XS51 31MKY01DE012 YMKY00 8
N SELECTION GEN CB
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 S51 12
/L060
13 13
C C
14 31MBY10CE901 YMBY00 XH54 /D205 14
ACTIVE POWER < 8.00 MW N
15 LZF_S51 15
/L060
16 & ZS51 16
311/0 SGC GAS TURBINE S51 MT
G/16
17 /D205 ZS51 31MBY10CE901 YMBY00 17
N ACTIVE POWER
18 18
D 19 19 D
20 FSS51 SLS51 20
/N002 /N002
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 GT entlasten / GT unloading 24
E E
25 25
26 26
27 *1) Überwachungszeit ist GT-typspezifisch / monitoring time is specific to the GT type 27
28 28

2004-07-20 Dep.: G134 AP-F 0 PB
F 2004-08-23 F
R
R0 As Built 30.05.2004 Date 06.06.2003 PT.PLN (PERSERO) YMYB00 FC G1 YFR = 31MYB01EC001 N001
SIEMENS AG
14 - 30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Individual Drive Control
Individual Control Level

Drive control (DCM):
§ Open-loop control actuators, closed loop control actuators, motors and solenoid vlaves are assigned
to a software block at I&C level.
§ The software block handles communication with the operating and monitoring system, output
process- dependent commands to the actuator and receives check-back signals from the actuator.
Protection OFF Protection ON
Enable OFF Enable ON

Automatik OFF Automatik ON
Connection to
OM Plant picture
Check-back OFF/CLOSE Check-back ON/OPEN

14 - 32
Signal Conditioning
§ I = Binary Input
§ BI SIG = Binary signal output
§ KG = Indicates a ‚1‘ when the binary signal
input is OK (channel valid)
§ LV = Limit Value
§ LRV = Physical Lower Limit
§ URV = Physical Upper Limit
§ GS1…4 = When limit exceeded, changes to ‚1‘
§ LL = Lower Limit
Analog Input block types: § UL = Upper Limit
AT : 0/4 – 20mA
§ AI SIG = Analog Signal Output
CA : + / - 20mA
RT : Resistance PT100 § KG = Outputs a ‚1‘ when analog signal is OK
TT : Thermocouple
14 - 33
Chapter 15
Monitoring & Analysis Systems

Power Diagnostics® Services

§ Power Diagnostics® Services is the Siemens Energy remote monitoring and diagnostics strategy
targeted to provide early detection of abnormal operating conditions of power plant equipment to help
improve plant availability and operations.
§ Multiple data acquisition tools can be used for obtaining daily operational data from customers’ power
generating equipment such as gas turbines, steam turbines, heat recovery boilers and generators.
§ Advanced diagnostic software helps experienced engineers identifying issues before they reach
conventional alarm levels.
§ Once the data is transmitted to a Power Diagnostics® Center (PDC), it is processed through a series
of advanced data analysis tools, and the results are posted for the Siemens Engineers to review on a
regular basis.
§ The process starts with the collection of the data of interest from the plant’s instrumentation & control
(I&C) system.
Power Diagnostics® Services uses multiple acquisition tools for obtaining the daily operational
data from their customers’ gas turbines, generators and other major plant.
The primary system for data acquisition is WIN_TS, a PC-based software developed by Siemens
PG that is passively connected to the site’s I&C system.
15 - 1
Power Diagnostics® Remote Monitoring Infrastructure
Power Diagnostics® Services
WIN_TS – WINDOWS Turbine/Generator Analysis System

WIN_TS is Performance and Condition Monitoring System for Generator, Gas Turbine, Steam
Turbine and Combines Cycle Power Plants.
It takes on tasks from the following areas:

§ Data recording
§ Process value visualization
§ Turbine analyses
§ Turbine diagnostics
WIN_TS is a platform for various analyses and diagnostic modules.

The compilation of the used modules as well as their configuration is adjusted to the respective task and
configuration of the power plant.
WIN_TS is the local interface for various remote services. The task must include:
§ Detection and storage of operational data

§ Transfer of operational data to remote service stations
§ Performing decentralized calculations
§ Performing local automatic analyses
§ Platform for the operation of special analysis software under remote access
15 - 3

§ WIN_TS is connected with a broadband WIN_TS Server
Network via a router. § Operating system Windows2003 Server
§ WinCC V6.x
§ WinZip
§ Depending on the module compilation there are § Microsoft EXCEL
also module-specific data recording and
preparation systems for the modules which
cannot work exclusively with the standard
process control system data. These include,
for example, all modules performing vibration
analyses in various application areas.
§ WIN_TS has a network for the communication

with appropriate hardware modules. Flight Recorder
§ For the realization of special analysis task various

packages of technological special software are
applied which were adjusted for WIN_TS. Vibrometer System
§ The modules employed in WIN_TS can be

operated and administered without restrictions at
the WIN_TS system.
Operation or failure in WIN_TS cannot lead to an impact on the operation of the

machine.
15 - 4
GT31
GT32
GT33
GT41
GT42
GT43

WIN_TS – Scope of function
§ Datalogger - “Flight Recorder” (TXP)

§ Turbine Analysis Modules
§ GT Operating State Monitoring,
§ Bearing Temperature Monitoring,
§ Coastdown Time Monitoring,
§ Monitoring of Temperature Distribution at Turbine Outlet
§ Monitoring of maximum OTC at minimum fuel flow
§ Temperature Spread Monitoring
§ Turbine Vibration Analysis Module - VIPER

§ Gas Turbine Thermodynamik module
A profile (fingerprint) of the components to be monitored is generated based on reference values or
processes.
§ This learning process is automatic or as specified by the user.
§ Operation is monitored based on the learned profile.
§ If significant changes occur, a corresponding message is initiated.
§ The modules provide values for further analysis and diagnosis.
§ All other WIN_TS modules can also be used for evaluation.
§ The modules employed in WIN_TS can be operated and administered without restrictions
15 - 6
WIN_TS – Integrated Systems

TXP (via „Flight Recorder and AddFEM“):
§ Analysis of faults and high-speed processes requires that essential data be analyzed very exactly
and in correct sequence. This requires a very high resolution which cannot be provided by the normal
operational I&C system.
§ The use of a black box enables better evaluation and analysis of events.
§ A black box / datalogger („flight recorder“) is implemented as an alternative to multiple-channel
recorders. Data for faults and high-speed processes are immediately recorded, requiring no
additional, external measuring equipment.
§ Within TXP this black box is designed as a PROFIBUS DP Slave
Implementation of the black box (‘Flight Recorder’) in WIN_TS enables the following:
§ Analysis of events such as turbine trips

§ Presentation of processes in correct sequence
§ Improved availability of the turbine
§ Optimized turbine operation.
15 - 7

§ In addition to the WIN_TS PC, the black box
consists of one data acquisition module. AddFEM
§ Two acquisition units are integrated in each
data acquisition module for the connection of
additional hardwired signals.
§ Data acquisition at 8ms (125 Hz) resolution for
analog and binary values
§ The analysis program allows standard trend
Acquisition units are available for: displays, special binary diagrams and x-y
§ 24 binary signals analysis displays.
§ 16 analog values (4-20mA / 0–10 V )
§ 16 Thermocouples
Delphin Datalogger/“Flight Recorder“

15 - 8

TURBINE ANALYSIS MODULES :
§ Effective operation of a turbine-generator depends
on many factors.
If the actual values deviate from the anticipated
values, this may be due to many different causes.
§ This analysis modules can help to better evaluate
turbine operation.
This enables early detection of changes which can
lead to undesirable turbine operating modes.
§ The following analysis modules are available for
automatic monitoring of turbine operation:
§ Operation statistics :
§ False start and Trip
§ Used fuel
§ Reached output § load before trip
§ Duration of start-up & coast-down § speed at false start
§ Minimum and maximum OTC § fuel combination
§ Maximum of vibrations
§ Hot start
§ Max. measured bearing temperaturetc. § Early information about turbine alternation
§ Prevention or reduction of damage
§ Improved availability
15 - 9

Analysis Software:
§ The analysis program for black box data is a powerful WINDOWS application.
§ It allows standard trend displays, special binary diagrams and x-y analysis displays.
§ Analysis of recorded data can be done online and offline.
15 - 10

TURBINE VIBRATION ANALYSIS MODULE (VIPER):
§ Mechanical vibrations contain a high degree of information covering most parts of turning machinery.
Characteristic values derived from vibration signals offer very sensitive indicators for mechanical and
other faults.
§ Changes in the vibration behavior may point to a fault or even to imminent or existing damage, e.g.
increasing mechanical unbalance of the shaft, alignment errors, gear defects, bearing or foundation
instability.
§ Detecting imminent faults at an early stage prevents possible harm and unscheduled outages.
§ This module contains analysis functions for vibration data based on the Vibrometer’s system VM600
CMS.
§ The software VM600 CMS enables vibration analysis with all common vibration data displays.
§ Magnetic- and thermal unbalance, pumping phenomena, non homogenous intake and discharge
flows of the working fluid and elastic hysteresis also affect the vibration behavior.
Vibrometer-Rack VM600
15 - 11

The integration into WIN_TS combines information of other WIN_TS modules giving an comprehensive
picture of all monitored machinery.
15 - 12
Standard tool for remote balancing. Allows fastest balancing down times.

Gas Turbine Thermodynamic Module:
This module calculates the thermodynamic for the gas turbines and compares it with specific reference
values.
The calculation is performed with energy and mass flow balance for various components:
§ Overall GT
§ Compressor
§ Combustion chamber
§ Turbine
15 - 14
Example of Plant overview screen :
Thank you for your Attention!
Siemens Center of Competence – Energy Solutions
Web: product-training.siemens.com/power-academy
E-mail: power-plant-training.energy@siemens.com

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Muara Tawar, Indonesia

Basic Operation Training

Start-up Frequency Converter (SFC) /

Vol. 1- 8 Medium/Low Voltage Switchgear

9 Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

10 Emergency Diesel Generator

11 Operation & Monitoring (OM650)

12 I&C Automation System (AS620)

Turbine Controller (SIMADYN) &

14 Diagrams & Functions (ES680)

15 Monitoring & Analysis Systems

§ This manual contains the essential information of the project.

§ This training documentation is based on the actual project

§ This documentation is delivered as a support for the training

§ For more detailed information please refer to the project

Center of Competence – Energy Solutions / 2015

… to your power plant training

Siemens Center of Competence – Energy Solutions

2. The 5 Safety Rules 06

3. KKS (Power Plant Identification System) 16

4. Siemens Documentation Structure 31

Siemens Gas Turbines:

! Danger ! Electric Current !

Work on electrical plant of steam/gas turbine may be performed solely by trained

The electrical equipment of the steam turbine/generator should be inspected

The following the 5 safety rules must be observed prior to commencement of

The 5 Safety Rules

§ Isolate all live parts on which work is to be carried out.

§ In the case of switchgear with rated voltages > 1 kV,

§ It is not sufficient to arrange a specific time for

§ The fact that no voltage is applied cannot be regarded to such confirmation.

The 5 Safety Rules

§ While work is in progress, an instruction plate must be

§ The isolated equipment should be protected against being

§ Keep the operating levers and handles of hand operated

§ Padlocks should also be fitted where applicable.

The 5 Safety Rules

§ For high-voltage applications, single-pole-testers should be used

Single pole tester > 1000V

The 5 Safety Rules

Red LED flashing

3. Check “dead” line. 4. Voltage tester on reference

Green LED flashing Red LED flashing

The 5 Safety Rules

§ Overhead lines from 1 to 30 kV should additionally be earthed and short-circuited

The 5 Safety Rules

§ Should there be a risk of anyone inadvertently touching

§ If it proves impossible to isolate all the adjacent parts

Limits of the approach zone

§ The following safe distances apply for

§ The following safe distances apply for

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

in any type of power station, according to:

It is to be used by all engineering disciplines for

§ Consideration of national and international standards

§ Non-language-based coding to ensure international usability

§ Application in computer processing

Types of identification codes

§ Process-related identification of systems and items of equipment according to their functions in

Point of installation identification

§ Identification of points of installation of electrical and control and Instrumentation devices in

Process related identification

3 1MBV10 CP001 QP001 3 1MBV10 CP001 QP001

500kV Connection AAY & AAB

§ The HV terminals of the generator transformers (BAT01)

Unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT) BBT01

6 kV AC Medium Voltage (MV) Switchgear BBE

400V AC LV Switchgear BFE, BME & 01/02BMA/BHA*

400V AC LV Switchgear BME & 01/02BMA

220V DC Switchgears BUB/BUC

220V DC Switchgears BUB/BUC

220V DC Switchgears BUB/BUC

Battery charger BTL10/20 & Battery BTA10

Battery charger BTL10/20

24V DC Power Supply of the I&C Cabinets BUK01/02

230V AC Uninterruptible Power SupplyBRU01/02

One Unit Auxiliary Transformer BBT01 out of Service

1 Loads at 01/02 BMA; ‘Diesel ready to assume loads’ by closing XKA11GS001