Abstract

Have you ever gotten lost? Of course in this fast and compact world this
may be possible. The scope of this paper is constructing a device with a
technology to locate a person where he is exactly… with millimeter accuracy. We
name this as Local positioning system(LPS). This is an advancement in current
trend of Global Positioning System(GPS)..This sounds great as this technology can
be implemented without the use of satellites is well. It just requires the help of
Bluetooth and microwaves. This sounds to be similar to GPS but there is difference in
implementing LPS we can access LPS even inside buildings, and in remote areas as
satellites were not used. This will surely make geocatching easy….
Introduction:
Local positioning system is just an advancement in global positioning system. But
this has a totally different network like LAN, WAN or something else. LPS has a
close relation with GPS. In case of GPS u can locate a person or an object with an
accuracy of maximum 100m depending upon the receiver and transmitter. For example
we can find out a person in Mepco and locate him using GPS. But with the help of
LPS we can locate where the person is in Mepco even if he is in any corner of the
college. So to know about LPS, we should have some knowledge with GPS. So lets
deal with GPS first and then about LPS in detail.

What is GPS?

Simply put, Global Positioning System or GPS, is a technology that can give your
accurate position anywhere on earth (latitude/longitude)and to determine their location on land,
sea, and in the air around the Earth. It does this using satellites and receivers. There are currently
24 satellites in orbit operated by the US Department of Defense that provide worldwide coverage
24 hours a day, 7 days a week, in all weather.

The functionability of a receiver is dependent on the ability to receive signals from the
satellites. Certain locations such as under very thick foliage or down in the bottom of a slot
canyon will preclude your receiver from getting a good signal from enough satellites to
determine your location. With many of the newer receivers however, these problems are
minimal. All receivers have warning messages when they are not getting sufficient signal to
properly navigate. So the accuracy of the system purely depend upon the quality in receiving
and transmitting.
Who owns this system?
The Global Positioning System is owned and operated by United States Department of
Defence. But it is available freely to anyone in the world for use. Other countries have developed
similar Satellite Navigation Systems of their own. For example, European Union is developing a
system called Galileo and Russia has an operational system called GLONASS. Many modern
receivers are capable of using signals from all these systems. Ofcourse India is going to launch
few satellites for implementing GPS without help of other foreign countries.

What are the problems faced by GPS.?

It works anywhere on the planet where you can receive signals from the satellite. You
will need a pretty clear view of the sky for GPS to work, so it won't work inside buildings,
underground or even in a forest. Few years back, GPS wasn't available to it's full accuracy, but
since the year 2000 the technology had changed.
Now this is difference between LPS and GPS. An LPS system will even work in any
weather and without view of sky inside the buildings. This is made possible using microwaves
and Bluetooth.

So, What CAN U do with GPS receiver?

The most popular use of GPS is for navigation. You can buy a Car Navigation System, which can
give you directions while you are travelling. Remember, that along with the receiver you will need to
purchase 'data' for the city you want to use your system. Car Navigation systems are still new in India, but
there are some systems already available. This has an accuracy of just few hundred metres only. If we
use LPS technology we can have very large accuracy rate..A GPS navigator is shown below..
 (A GPS receiver used in Navigation purpose)

LOCAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

Brief Note about LPS:

To explain the aim of LPS lets take National Engineering college. Say LPS is
implemented there. A stranger with his cell phone enters the college. If the stranger switches on
the Bluetooth in his cell phone, then he gets connected with LPS system of college, and the
complete map of college will be visible in his mobile. The spot where he is standing will also be
pointed. Now he can navigate any where in the college. So by using this system any stranger
who has a knowledge in cell phone can traverse anywhere in the college without anyone’s
guidance as said before.

How to Implement LPS:

To Achieve Local Positioning system the following hardware’s and software’s are
required.

Hardware Requirement:

 Bluetooth.
 Microwave Producer.
 Transmitter.
 Reciever.
 Computer or a Cell phone.

Software Requirement:

 Flash player.
 or AutoCAD to create the map of the Area.

There are two stages in carrying out the LPS.,

1) A transmitter network for transmitting the signals.

2) A receiver network for receiving the signals.
Microwaves:

Microwaves move with the speed of light. Microwaves are good for transmitting information
from one place to another because microwave energy can penetrate haze, light, rain and snow,
clouds, and smoke.

This microwave tower can transmit information like

 telephone calls and computer data from one city to another.

Working with Microwaves:

A transmitter network transmits the microdiowaves to the users cell phone. The Cell
phone gets the waves and in turn, these waves are reflected back to the receiver network.
Because microwaves can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds and smoke, these waves are
good for viewing the Earth from space. This is the advancement in LPS when compare to GPS.
An LPS system will even work in any weather and without view of sky inside the buildings. This
is made possible using microwaves

Transmitter:
A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the aid of an antenna,
propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications. In
other applications signals can also be transmitted using an analog 0/4-20 mA current loop signal.
Transmitting antennas for long and medium wave are usually implemented as a mast radiator.
Similar antennas with smaller dimensions are used also for short wave transmitters, if these send
in the round spray enterprise.
 Microwave transmitter.

RECEIVER :

RMX-3000 SMALLEST RECEIVER FOR 2.4 GHz

This is the smallest 2.4 GHz Audio connector for different

type of antennas 2.4 GHz. It has 4 selectable channels

Bluetooth Tecnology in LPS:

 Bluetooth can be used to wirelessly synchronize and transfer data among devices.
Bluetooth can be thought of as a cable replacement technology. We use Bluetooth wireless
technology in sending signals from the computer in the receiver network to the cell phones. This
Bluetooth technology uses a digital coding technique called spread spectrum, a method of
wireless communications that takes a narrow band signal and spreads it over a broder portion of
the available radio frequency band. Among other advantages, the resulting signal is highly
resistant to interference and more secure against interception. The same technology is used in
lots of devices like cordless phones, LAN’s, etc.. Bluetooth is extremely secure in that it employs
several layers of data encryption and user authentication measures.

So when we use this Bluetooth there is,

 No Interference,
 No Jamming of data’s,
 Multiple channel usage is possible, so any number of user can access any time..

Types of transmission using Bluetooth:

In case of Bluetooth technology there are two transmission lines.

• Serial line.
• Parallel line.

Parallel connection line is eight times faster than serial transmission line. Parallel connection is
very fast but of short range. While series connection is of long range order but slow. So with
Bluetooth the connection with cell phone is done by parallel connections and that with the
computer in receiver terminal is done by using serial connection.

Working of LPS:
 The map of the required area which is going to implement LPS is drawn using Autocad
3-d software or a flash animation software. The computer software is created in such a way that
the position of the cell is located in the map inputed, according to the transmitted and received
signals.

Microwaves are produced in the transmitter network and are transmitted to the Cell
phones. The Cell phone detects the waves and in turn, reflects back the microwave signal to the
receiver. The signals are transmitted and received using the triangling method. The microwaves
sent out by the cell phone is received at the receiver network and is fed to computer in the
receiver side. The computer detects the position of the user using the specialized software and
the exact position is ploted in the map. Now this map is sent to the Bluetooth terminals in serial
connection. Then it is sent to the users cell phone via parallel connection.

Through these transmitted and received signals, the position of the cell phone can be
traced exactly with milli meter accuracy.

Using an LPS:

Here we explain about how to use this LPS.

If an user comes to NEC, and he wants to go to ECE seminar hall, then all he has to do is simple.
He just needs to switch on Bluetooth in his cell phone. The other end in transmitter network
Bluetooth is always switched on. So he is connected to the transmitter as follows..

Switch on Bluetooth  Search for device  select LPS in list of options.

Now the user will be connected to the college’s map.

Features of this system:

 Any number of members can use this system at the same time.
  One can search another person in that campus where the user is. This is the most
important advancement over GPS.
 If you want to meet your friend in a very big organization, but you don’t know
where he is, you can search him using LPS. For this you have to enter his mobile
number and search for it. Then LPS will locate your friends location also.
 Cost is low as we are not using satellites.
 Easy to implement.

Uses:

 This system is very useful when implemented in big factories and industries.
 Very apt for big shopping malls like Bigbazaars, Spenzer plaza, etc..,
 We can search even a single member in that unit,as told earlier.
 Strangers can easily move in big and new organizations.

Authors column:

LPS is a system which simplifies the GPS, and is implemented for an organization to
provide a easy guide for their users. This is an new innovative thing proposed by us. If it is
implemented in practical with minimum cost, it will get a very good market.

References:

Books:

“BLUETOOTH DEMYSTIFIED” by Nathan.J.Muller

“MICROWAVE ENGINEERING” by Annapurna Das.

Websites:

www.wikepedia.com

www.omega.com

www.microwaves101.com