DESIGN OF TRUSSES (TENSION MEMBER)

Use LRFD and design the tension members of the roof truss shown. Use double-angles shapes
throughout and assume 10mm-thick gusset plates and welded connections. Assume a shear lag factor of
U = 0.80. The trusses are spaced at 9 m. Use A36 steel and design for the following loads:

Metal deck: 0.192 kPa of roof surface

Built-up roof: 0.575 kPa of roof surface
Purlins: 0.144 kPa of roof surface (estimated)
Snow: 0.958 kPa of horizontal projection
Truss weight: 0.239 kPa of horizontal projection (estimated)

Use A36 steel and design sag rods for the truss. Assume that, once attached, the metal deck will
provided lateral support for the purlins; therefore, the sag rod need to be designed for the purlin weight
only.

Solution:

Compute the dead load, D

Length of top chord, LT

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
LT ≔ ((2.4 m)) + ((12 m)) = 12.238 m

D1 ≔ ((0.192 kPa + 0.575 kPa + 0.144 kPa)) ⋅ 12.238 m ⋅ 9 m ⋅ 2 = 200.679 kN

D2 ≔ 0.239 kPa ⋅ 24 m ⋅ 9 m = 51.624 kN

D ≔ D1 + D2 = 252.303 kN

Compute the snow load, S

S ≔ 0.958 kPa ⋅ 24 m ⋅ 9 m = 206.928 kN

Compute the factored load:

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ D + 1.6 ⋅ S = 633.848 kN

Compute the factored loads at the purlins.

U
Pu ≔ ―= 79.231 kN
8

Pu
― = 39.616 kN
2

From structural analysis, the maximum axial load in the bottom chord is
Pu ≔ 1386.543 kN

Fy ≔ 250 MPa Fu ≔ 400 MPa

Pu
Asreq ≔ ―――= 6162.413 mm 2
0.90 ⋅ Fy

Pu
Aereq ≔ ―――= 4621.81 mm 2
0.75 ⋅ Fu

Try 2L 152 x 152 x11.1

Ag ≔ 6580 mm 2

U ≔ 0.80
Ae ≔ U ⋅ Ag = 5264 mm 2

r ≔ 47.2 mm

Lm ≔ 3 m
Lm
―― = 63.559 less than 300
r

Pny ≔ Fy ⋅ Ag = 1645 kN

ϕy ≔ 0.90

ϕy ⋅ Pny = 1480.5 kN

Pnt ≔ Fu ⋅ U ⋅ Ag = 2105.6 kN

ϕt ≔ 0.75

ϕt ⋅ Pnt = 1579.2 kN

ϕPn ≔ min ⎛⎝ϕy ⋅ Pny , ϕt ⋅ Pnt⎞⎠ = 1480.5 kN yielding controls

Pu
U ≔ ―― = 0.937
ϕPn

Use 2L 152 x152 x11.1 for the bottom chord

From structural analysis, the maximum tensile load in the diagonal

web members is Pu ≔ 253.663 kN

Pu
Agreq ≔ ―――= 1127.391 mm 2
0.90 ⋅ Fy

Pu
Aereq ≔ ―――= 845.543 mm 2
0.75 ⋅ Fu

Try 2L64 x38 x 6.4 LLBB

Ag ≔ 1220 mm 2

Ae ≔ U ⋅ Ag = 1142.575 mm 2
 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Lm ≔ ((2.4 m)) + ((3 m)) = 3.842 m r ≔ 14 mm

Lm
―― = 274.42 less than 300
r

Pny ≔ Fy ⋅ Ag = 305 kN

ϕy ≔ 0.90

ϕy ⋅ Pny = 274.5 kN

Pnt ≔ Fu ⋅ U ⋅ Ag = 457.03 kN

ϕt ≔ 0.75

ϕt ⋅ Pnt = 342.773 kN

ϕPn ≔ min ⎛⎝ϕy ⋅ Pny , ϕt ⋅ Pnt⎞⎠ = 274.5 kN

Pu
U ≔ ―― = 0.924
ϕPn

Use 2L64 x38 x 6.4 LLBB for the diagonal web

members

weight of purlins, wp ≔ 0.144 kPa

Psag ≔ 0.144 kPa ⋅ 9 m ⋅ 12.238 m = 15.86 kN

Pusag ≔ 1.4 ⋅ Psag = 22.205 kN

⎛ m ⎞
Px' ≔ Pusag ⋅ ⎜2.4 ―――― ⎟ = 4.355 kN
⎝ 12.238 m ⎠
 Px'
Abreq ≔ ――――― = 19.354 mm 2
0.75 ⋅ 0.75 ⋅ Fu

using db ≔ 16 mm rod
π ⋅ db 2
Ab ≔ ――― = 201.062 mm 2
4
use 16 mm sag rods