UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF INDIA

WESTERN GHATS
LECTURE 10

By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
Facebook: sid_Econnect
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF INDIA
GREAT MONUMENTS AT PATTAKADAL
LECTURE 19

By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
Facebook: sid_Econnect
•
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 CULTURAL SITES
• Agra Fort (1983)
• Ajanta Caves (1983)
• Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016)
• Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi(1989)
• Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)
• Churches and Convents of Goa(1986)
• Elephanta Caves (1987)
• Ellora Caves (1983)
• Fatehpur Sikri (1986)
• Great Living Chola Temples (1987,2004)
• Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)
• Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)
• Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)
• Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2013)
• Historic City of Ahmadabad (2017)
 CULTURAL SITES

• Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993)

• Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
• Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)
• Mountain Railways of India (1999,2005,2008)
• Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)
• Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (2014)
• Red Fort Complex (2007)
• Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
• Sun Temple, Konârak (1984)
• Taj Mahal (1983)
• The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution
to the Modern Movement (2016)
• The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010)
• Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (2018)
• JAIPUR CITY(2019)
 NATURAL
• Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
(2014)
• Kaziranga National Park (1985)
• Keoladeo National Park (1985)
• Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)
• Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National
Park(1988,2005)
• Sundarbans National Park (1987)
• Western Ghats(2012)

Mixed

• Khangchendzonga National Park (2016)

 PATTAKADAL
• Pattadakal Temples KarnatakaIn Karnataka, Pattadakal
is a small town that is renowned for its ancient temples.
Located near Badami and Aihole, Pattadakal Temple
can be easily reached by regular buses or private taxis
from the major towns and cities of Karnataka.

• Pattadakal had once been the rich capital of the

Chalukyas. During 7th - 8th century, Pattadakal
Temples were got constructed by the Chalukya rulers.

• The Temples of Pattadakal, exhibhit the zenith of

'Vesara' style of Hindu temple architecture. Owing to
its incredible temples, Pattadakal was titled a World
Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987.
 HISTORY

• In total, there are over 150 Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist

monuments, and archaeological discoveries, dating
from the 4th to 10th century CE.

• Pattadakal became, along with nearby Aihole and

Badami, a major cultural center and religious site for
innovations in architecture and experimentation of
ideas.

• The rule of the Gupta Empire during the 5th century

brought about a period of political stability, during
which Aihole became a locus of scholarship
 HISTORY
• It was during this latter period that the Chalukya empire
constructed many of the temples in Aihole-Badami-
Pattadakal region.

• Although the area was not a capital region, nor in

proximity to one, numerous sources such as
inscriptions, contemporaneous texts and the
architectural style indicate that, from the 9th to 12th
centuries, new Hindu, Jain and Buddhist temples and
monasteries continued to be built in the Pattadakal
region.

• Throughout the 13th century, Pattadakal, the Malprabha

valley, as well as much of the nearby Deccan region,
was subject to raids and plunder by the Delhi Sultanate
armies
 HISTORY
• Following the collapse of Vijayanagara Empire in 1565,
Pattadakal was annexed by the Sultanate of Bijapur,
which was ruled by the Adil Shahi dynasty.

• In the late 17th-century, the Mughal Empire, under

Aurangzeb, gained control of Pattadakal from the
Sultanate.

• After the collapse of the Mughal Empire, Pattadakal

came under the control of the Maratha Empire. It later
changed hands, yet again, when Haider Ali and Tipu
Sultan wrested control of it in late 18th century but
would lose it when the British defeated Tipu Sultan and
annexed the region
 HISTORY
• There are ten major temples at Pattadakal, nine Hindu
and one Jain, along with numerous small shrines.

• The Pattadakal monuments reflect a fusion of two major

Indian architectural styles, one from north India (Rekha-
Nagara-Prasada) and the other from south India
(Dravida-Vimana).

• Four temples were built in the Chalukya Dravida style,

four in the Nagara style of Northern India, while the
Papanatha temple is a fusion of the two
 DESCRIPTION
• The nine Hindu temples are all dedicated to Shiva, and
are on the banks of Malaprabha river.

• The last temple built in the Group of Monuments is the

Jain temple, known locally as the Jain Narayana temple,
which was likely built in the 9th century during the reign
of Krishna II of Rashtrakutas.
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE
JABHULINGESHWARA TEMPLE
SANGAMESHWARA TEMPLE
KASHI VISHVANATH TEMPLE
MALLIKARJUNA TEMPLE
PAPANATH TEMPLE
JAIN NARAYANI TEMPLE
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