STUDY ON PRISONERS OF DEPRESSION DURING DRUG ABUSE THROUGH PENALTY IN

THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

KLAS II B MOJOKERTO

Depression Level of Narcotics Abuse During Prisoners at the Mojokerto Class II B Penitentiary

Tri Ayu Wulandari *, Imam ZAINURI **, *** Basuki Duwi

ABSTRACT

Being a prisoner was a life stressor that was hard for the culprit. Feelings of sadness for inmates after
receiving punishment and various other things such as guilt, loss of freedom, feelings of shame, economic
and social sanctions and life at a prison full of psychological stress can cause depression. The purpose of this
study was to Determine the level of depression of drug abuse inmates while serving a sentence. The design
of this study was descriptive. The population at this study were all drug abuse inmates at the Mojokerto City
Class IIB Penitentiary at February 2019 as many as 161 people. The sampling technique of this study was
simple random sampling. The sample at this study was drug abuse inmates at the Mojokerto City Class IIB
Penitentiary at 114 of 2019. The research instrument uses the Burns Depression Checklist. The results of this
study suggested that the majority of respondents experienced mild depression, as many as 58 respondents
(50.9%), modelevel depression, as many as 34 respondents (29.8%), no depression, as many as 9 respondents
(7.9%), normal but not happy as many as 9 people (7.9%) and major depression as many as four people
(3.5%). Descriptive analysis suggested that most prisoners experienced mild depression. This was Because
Prisons are a very unpleasant place, where inmates with various types of criminal acts gather together at one
scope of Prisons, where inmates are not a group of people who can always relate well to others so that it will
cause pressure to the inmate. no depression as many as 9 respondents (7.9%), normal but not happy as many
as 9 people (7.9%) and major depression as many as four people (3.5%). Descriptive analysis suggested that
most prisoners experienced mild depression. This was Because Prisons are a very unpleasant place, where
inmates with various types of criminal acts gather together at one scope of Prisons, where inmates are not a
group of people who can always relate well to others so that it will cause pressure to the inmate. no
depression as many as 9 respondents (7.9%), normal but not happy as many as 9 people (7.9%) and major
depression as many as four people (3.5%). Descriptive analysis suggested that most prisoners experienced
mild depression. This was Because Prisons are a very unpleasant place, where inmates with various types of
criminal acts gather together at one scope of Prisons, where inmates are not a group of people who can
always relate well to others so that it will cause pressure to the inmate.

Keywords: level of depression, inmates, drug abuse

ABSTRACT

Being a prisoner is a severe life stressors for the culprit. Feelings of sadness on the inmates after
receiving as well as various other things such as guilt, loss of freedom, shyness, social and economic
sanctions as well as life in prison is full of psychological stress can lead to depression. The purpose of this
study was to determine the depressed levels for inmates serving sentences of drug abuse. This study was
descriptive. The population in this study are all drug abuse inmates at the Correctional Institution Class IIB
Mojokerto in February 2019 as many as 161 people. This research sampling technique is simple random
sampling. The sample in this research is drug abuse inmates at the Correctional Institution Class IIB
Mojokerto in February 2019 as many as 114 people. The research instrument used Burns Depression
Checklist. The results of this study indicate thatmost respondents experiencing mild depression as many as
58 respondents (50.9%), depression was about 34 respondents (29.8%), not depressed as much as 9
respondents (7.9%), normal but not happy as much as 9 (7 , 9%) and severe depression as much as 4 (3.5%),

Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto 1
Descriptive analysis showed most of the inmates suffered mild depression, This is because the prison is a
very unpleasant, where inmates with various types of criminal acts come together in the scope of prisons,
where inmates not a bunch of people who are always able to relate well to others, causing the pressure of its
own for inmates ,
Keywords: level of depression, prisoners, drug abuse
PRELIMINARY
Correctional institutions (prisons) is
actually the point of guidance for offenders who
have been sentenced by a court sentence.
Coaching in question is coaching restorative or
rehabilitative nature. Prisoners who are
descriptors of individual occupants of prisons, is
expected to be a better person than before they
entered the prison institution. However, the
adjustment process in the prison itself is not easy.
Inmates are exposed to a new culture, which is
very different from its culture or habits, prone to
negative psychological effects such as withdrawal,
depression, suicidal thoughts, and increased
aggressive behavior (Ahmad & Mazlan,
2014).The prevalence of moderate and severe
depression were higher among new inmates, while
minor depression is more common in older
prisoners, showed that inmates adapt to the prison
environment from time to time (Constantino et al,
2016).
WHO data says that at the global level,
more than 300 million people are estimated to
suffer from depression, equivalent to 4.4% of the
population (WHO, 2017). Data Riskesdas (Health
Research Association) in 2018 states that the
prevalence of people aged ≥ 15 years who were
depressed at 6.1%, and East Java province is
under the national prevalence (MoH RI, 2018).
The research result Sari et al (2015) about
the Depression Level Comparison between Non
recidivist and recidivist prisoners in Penitentiary
Class II A Banceuy West Java shows that the rate
of depression in non-recidivist prisoners of
62.96% were depressed, and 37.04% did not
experience depression , while 22.21% recidivist
inmates suffering from depression, and 78.79%
did not have depression.
Kaloeti research results et al (2017) showed
that depression overview X correctional inmates
have mild depression condition (M = 15:59, SD =
8:26), in which nine inmates (33.3%) with a score
of 0-10 indicated normal, 8 inmates (29.6%) with
scores between 11-16 have mild depression, 1
Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto
inmates (3.7%) with a score between 17-20 had
borderline depression, 8 inmates (29.6%) with a
score of 21-30 indicated moderate depression, and
one inmate (3.7%) with score between 31-40 have
severe depression.
Results of a preliminary study on December
3, 2018 shows that at the Correctional Institution
Class II B Mojokerto, total inmates in October
2018 amounted to 713 people, and convicted of
drug abuse as many as 330 people (46.3%).
Results of interviews with five prisoners Drug
abuse is known that four people (80%) say
insomnia, 3 (60%) said reduced appetite, 3 (60%)
say lazy move, and 1 (20%) say never tried to
commit suicide. The trial results of questionnaires
on the 10 inmates found that 4 (40%) had mild
depression, 5 (50%) had moderate depression, and
1 (10%) had severe depression.
Factors that cause a person to use drugs is a
factor of self that includes a boost of self, of the
environment, and from drug itself. Reasons for
using drugs as a great curiosity to try, without
knowing or thinking about the consequences, the
desire to have fun, the desire to follow the trend or
style, a desire to be accepted by the environment,
or group, run out of boredom, problems or
troubles of life, understanding wrong that
occasional use does not cause addiction, can not
afford or did not dare to face the pressure of the
environment or social group for drug use, and can
not say "no" to drugs (UNICEF, 2010).
Being a prisoner is a severe life stressors for
the culprit. Feelings of sadness on the inmates
after receiving as well as various other things such
as guilt, loss of freedom, shyness, social and
economic sanctions as well as life in prison in
stressful psychological stressors can exacerbate
and intensify before. The situation is affecting not
only the physical but also the psychological
adjustment of the individual. Often the
psychological conditions experienced by inmates
in turn also cause physical complaints are more
'severe'. At the physiological level, according to
2
prison officers is the most prominent complaints RESEARCH RESULT
of headache, fatigue, excessive tiredness, lack
bersemamgat in daily activities or activities General Data Respondents
(Hairina & Komalasari, 2017). 1. Characteristics of Respondents by Age
Actions that can be done as a gesture of table 1 Frequency Distribution of
preventive, among which are equipped with Respondents by Age in Prison Class
information about drug abuse and its effects, IIB Mojokerto in March 2019
avoid environment less conducive, develop criteria Age F %
assertiveness, increase faith and devotion to God <20 years 7 6.1
Almighty, immediately seek help in case of 20-29 66 57.9
problems, seek and creating a productive and 30-39 years 25 21.9
positive activity (Joseph, 2015). How to prevent 40-49 years 11 9.6
depression conducted by discussing feelings and 50-59 years 5 4.4
distribute stress properly, maintain a healthy total 114 100
lifestyle, for example, engage in activities or Source: Primary Data Research, 2019
hobbies are healthy, being open and positive
impact on depression, and actively seek help to Research results in Table 1 show that the majority
solve the problem (Hospital Authority, 2018) , of respondents aged 20-29 years is 66 respondents
(57.9%).
RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses a descriptive survey. In 2. Karakteristisk Respondents by Education
this study population was all over drug abuse table 2 Frequency Distribution of
inmates at the Correctional Institution Class IIB Respondents by Education in Prison
Mojokerto in February 2019 as many as 161 Class IIB Mojokerto in March 2019
people. The study uses probability sampling Education criteria F %
technique is simple random type sampling.Sampel (SD, SMP) 42 36.8
in this study is drug abuse inmates at the Medium (SMA) 67 58.8
Correctional Institution Class IIB Mojokerto in High (Higher Education) 5 4.4
2019. The sample size for simple random total 114 100
sampling with finite population / unknown is to Source: Primary Data Research, 2019
use Slovin following formula: Research results in Table 2 indicate that most
N respondents secondary education as many as 67
n respondents (58.8%).
1  N .d 2
Where :
3. Karakteristisk Respondents by Job
n : Number of samples
table 3 Frequency Distribution of
N : Total population
Respondents by Job in Prison Class
d : Precision or confidence level selected by
IIB Mojokerto in March 2019
5%
criteria Work F %
Based on the formula above it can be seen that a
PNS 3 2.6
sample size of this study are:
161 Private employees 51 44.7
𝑛 = 1+161 (0,05)2 entrepreneur 42 36.8
161 farmer 8 7.0
𝑛 = 1,4025
Does not work 10 8.9
n = 114
total 114 100
So the sample size used was 114 people.
Source: Primary Data Research, 2019
The questionnaire used to measure the level of
depression questionnaire The Burns Depression
Research results in Table 3 show that almost half
Checklist.
of the respondents worked as private employees as
many as 51 respondents (44.7%).

Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto 3
 depression 4 3.5
4. Karakteristisk Respondents by Old Penalties Extreme depression 0 0
that have been undertaken total 114 100
table 4 Frequency Distribution of Source: Primary Data Research, 2019
Respondents by Lama penalty that
has been undertaken at the Research results in Table 6 shows that most
Correctional Institution Class IIB respondents had minor depression as many as 58
Mojokerto in March 2019 respondents (50.9%).
Penalties Lama criteria that
F %
have been undertaken DISCUSSION
≤ 6 months 20 17.5 Research results in Table 6 shows that most
> 6 months 94 82.5 respondents had minor depression as many as 58
total 114 100 respondents (50.9%), depression was about 34
Source: Primary Data Research, 2019 respondents (29.8%), not depressed as much as 9
Research results in Table 4 show that almost all respondents (7.9%), normal but not happy as
respondents had been serving a sentence of> 6 much as 9 people (7.9%) and severe depression as
months at 94 respondents (82.5%). much as 4 (3.5%).
Being a prisoner is a severe life stressors for
the culprit. Feelings of sadness on the inmates
after receiving as well as various other things such
as guilt, loss of freedom, shyness, social and
economic sanctions as well as life in prison in
stressful psychological stressors can exacerbate
and intensify before. The situation is affecting not
5. Karakteristisk Respondents by Lama verdict only the physical but also the psychological
table 5 Frequency Distribution of adjustment of the individual. Often the
Respondents by Long Sentence in psychological conditions experienced by inmates
Prison Class IIB Mojokerto in March in turn also cause physical complaints are more
2019 'severe' (Hairina & Komalasari, 2017).
Criteria Lama verdict F % According to researchers, depression
≤ 3 years 52 45.6 experienced by inmates since the prison is a very
> 3 years 62 54.4 unpleasant, where inmates with various types of
total 114 100 criminal acts come together in the scope of
Source: Primary Data Research, 2019 prisons, where inmates not a bunch of people who
are always able to relate well to others, causing its
Research results in Table 5 shows that most own pressure for inmates. In addition, the stigma
respondents verdicts> 3 years of the 62 of the prisoners also make inmates experience
respondents (54.4%). more stress, a poor neighborhood in prisons,
treatment of officers, inmates can also trigger
Custom Data Level of Depression depressed.
table 6 Distribution Frequency Rate of Mild depression experienced by the
depression drug abuse prisoners respondent due to the respondent has been able to
serving a sentence at the Correctional adapt to the environment in the prison, but is still
Institution Class IIB Mojokerto in under pressure because of long lived verdict is
March 2019 still long so that they feel the loss of freedom in a
Criteria Level of Depression F % long time still. Symptoms of mild depression that
not Depression 9 7.9 most felt was sometimes feel sad and unhappy in
Normal But Not Happy 9 7.9 prison, guilty / ashamed imprisoned, difficulty
Mild depression 58 50.9 making decisions in prison, because many
Moderate depression 34 29.8 prisoners' rights were lost while in jail so as not to

Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto 4
make their own decisions, inmates feel spending a
little time with friends, feeling tired, it's hard to
sleep, decreased appetite, and feeling anxious
about his health.
Depression was caused by the respondent
verdicts of old and new serving a sentence so the
period of the sentence being served longer, so the
pressure is felt still quite large, a sense of loss of
separation from family and friends, loss of
freedom and pleasure in a long time making
respondents with depression being. Symptoms of
depression were most felt was feeling sad and
unhappy that extreme in prison, sometimes
sobbed in prison, felt little heart, low self esteem,
worthlessness, guilt / shame because in prison,
denounced and blamed himself , difficulty making
decisions in prison, loss of interest in family,
friends or colleagues outside prison, the loneliness
in prison, the inmate was spending less time with
friends,
Major depression experienced by
respondents is because aside from the verdict that
they lived longer, and the new serving a sentence,
also caused respondents coping skills in the face
of pressure inside the jail is not good. Symptoms
of depression were most felt was saddened with
moderate symptoms when in prison, but was
unhappy in the extreme in prison, sobbed in the
extreme in prison, was a small heart with
moderate symptoms, are desperate to the extreme,
sometimes feel low self-esteem, worthlessness,
guilt / shame as extreme as imprisonment,
criticize and blame themselves, difficulty making
decisions in prison, loss of interest in family,
friends or colleagues outside prison, the loneliness
in prison,
Respondents who did not have depression
caused by a long sentence of no more than 3 years
and is already serving a sentence long enough so it
is more adapted to the prison environment, and
this is more going on inmates serving worship
properly so that they can receive the current
condition and makes prison as a place to
contemplate the error.
Respondents were normal but not happy
because in prison is not a happy thing, so that
respondents are already trying to adapt during
long prison terms and convictions also> 3 years,
but remains in prison is not the place that makes
happy. Symptoms that are still being felt is
Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto
sometimes feel sad and unhappy in prison, guilty /
ashamed imprisoned, difficulty making decisions
in prison, was spending less time with friends,
feeling tired, it's hard to sleep, decreased appetite,
and felt apprehensive health.
The results of this study are supported by
research conducted by Kaloeti et al (2017) showed
that depression picture inmates of correctional X
has a depression, in which nine inmates (33.3%)
indicated normal, 8 inmates (29.6%) had mild
depression, 1 inmates (3.7%) had depression
borderline, 8 inmates (29.6%) indicated moderate
depression, and one inmate (3.7% ) had severe
depression.
Based on the indicators of thoughts and
feelings, obtained an average score of 0.99, which
means indicators of the respondents sometimes
experience symptoms on indicators of thoughts
and feelings. Respondents sometimes feel sad or
fall in despair when in jail, unhappy in prison,
sobbed while in prison, was little hearts convict,
despair, low self-esteem due to being a prisoner,
feeling of worthlessness / no inadequate, guilty /
ashamed imprisoned, criticize or blame yourself
for being a prisoner, and difficulty making
decisions in prison. Symptoms that scores the
highest is feeling sad or fall in despair when in jail
and unhappy in prison.
Based on the indicators of activity and
social relationships, obtained an average score of
0.91, which means indicators of the respondents
sometimes experience symptoms on indicators of
activity and social relations. Respondents
sometimes lose the sense of interest in family,
friends, or colleagues outside prison, lonely in jail,
spend a little time with friends in prison, loss of
motivation for smoking, lose interest in activities
within the prison, avoiding activities in prisons, as
well as loss of pleasure or satisfaction because life
in prison. Symptoms with the highest score is
spend a little time with friends in prison, because
of a relationship with a friend is definitely limited
so only occasionally visited by his friend, unless
your friends who are also equally be in prison for
the same case. Symptoms with the lowest score is
the loss of a sense of interest in family, friends, or
colleagues outside prison because of family,
friends, and colleagues are part of the social
relations are the closest that still want to get
together with them.
5
 Based on the indicators of physical
symptoms, obtained an average score of 1.16 and
an indicator of the indicator with the highest score
means. Respondents sometimes feel tired, trouble
sleeping or sleeping too much, a decrease or
increase in appetite, loss of interest in sex, and
feeling anxious about his health. Symptoms with
the highest scores were tired, activity in the prison
has been scheduled by the penitentiary. Symptoms
with the lowest score is the interest about sex
because sexual turmoil strongly influenced by
hormonal and physiological systems of the body,
so that prisons can not hinder the interest of adults
towards sex.
Based on the indicators of suicidal impulse,
obtained an average score of 0.26 and an indicator
of the indicator with the lowest score is an
indicator, which means that at least the symptoms
felt by inmates. Some respondents did think of
suicide because almost all kebebasnnya lost while
in prison, causing very heavy pressure for him.
However, death is the most feared by all humans
are no exception inmates so suicidal thoughts only
occasionally cross their minds.
Research results in Table 1 show that the
majority of respondents aged 20-29 years is 66
respondents (57.9%). Results of cross tabulation
shows that 100% of respondents who experienced
severe depression aged 20-29 years.
Depression can occur from various walks of
life. Each population is experiencing a mood
disorder in their lifetime and previous experience
mood disorders. Major depression usually
develops in young adulthood, with the average
age of onset is the mid-20 years. But these
disorders can be experienced even by small
children, although until the age of 14 years the
risk is very low (Nevid et al, 2009).
In accordance with the above theory, that
the respondents who are severely depressed or 20-
29 year olds around the age of 20 years because in
young adulthood is more easily triggered by
stressors so the longer imprisoned then felt
increasingly severe stressor that causes the
respondent suffered from severe depression.
However, people aged 50-59 years are also
experiencing depression was caused because at
this age are approaching the elderly (pre elderly)
so feel that they should be at home with her
family to spend their old age, it causes severe
Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto
stress on the respondent thus experiencing
moderate depression.
Research results in Table 2 indicate that
most respondents secondary education as many as
67 respondents (58.8%). Results of cross
tabulation shows that the majority (75%) of
respondents who are severely depressed primary
education.
Poor education make it more difficult for
someone to solve the problem and receive
information, so this may be a risk factor for
depression (Prabhaswari & Ariastuti, 2015).
Education is closely associated with a
person's thinking pattern including prisoners. Poor
education makes inmates less have the ability to
overcome problems due to lack of ability to
receive information on how to deal with a
problem which resulted in poor coping and
acceptance of prisoners to the problems being
lived, resulting in severe depression.
Research results in Table 3 show that
almost half of the respondents worked as private
employees before going to jail as many as 51
respondents (44.7%). Results of cross tabulation
shows that the majority (75%) of respondents who
suffered from severe depression had previously
worked as an entrepreneur.
One of the factors that lead to depression is
to stop the work (pensions so that contact with co-
workers disconnected or reduced), the withdrawal
of the various activities (as a result rarely met with
many people) (Azizah, 2016).
Being a prisoner makes a person suffered
multiple losses, including loss of a job, because
the convict then someone broke relations with the
outside world. Respondents who are self-
employed tend to be the main pillar of the family
economy that is currently in jail, the family
declined financially significant to make the
inmates were under heavy pressure because of
thinking about economic conditions families due
to be abandoned by the respondent to serve a
sentence, it is the cause of major depression on
respondents.
Results of cross tabulation shows that
shows that the majority (75%) of respondents who
are severely depressed already serving a sentence
of> 6 months and half (50%) of respondents who
are severely depressed verdicts> 3 years.
6
 The prevalence of moderate and severe
depression were higher among new inmates, while
minor depression is more common in older
prisoners, showed that inmates adapt to the prison
environment (Constantino et al, 2016).
According to researchers, nearly all
respondents were already long in prison, so it is
more adapted little by little so that the longer in
prison, respondents had to adapt to the
environment and social life in prison, although
there are three people who are already serving a
sentence > 6 months still feel a deep depression
caused by other factors such as the length of the
sentence still long to live so had to leave the
family, especially if the previous respondent is the
backbone of the family, guilt always provide
psychological pressure because it could not
support his family,while one respondent who
stayed 4 month sentence experienced severe
depression due to the huge embarrassment to the
family and the surrounding environment so that
all forms of enjoyment and life satisfaction can no
longer he felt.
Respondents who did not have depression
was more common in respondents who received a
verdict of> 3 years. It can be caused because the
respondents have already started to adapt to the
prison environment. Respondents were normal but
not happy most of verdicts ≤ 3 years, this was due
to the punishment she lived not too long and he's
already serving a sentence of more than six
months, which means no longer be free and able
to return to his normal life. Respondents who
experienced mild depression and were half a
verdict ≤ 3 years, despite not getting a long
sentence, but prison is not a pleasant place
because of the loss of freedom within a matter of
years if perceived in unpleasant conditions will be
felt long for inmates.
CONCLUSION
The level of depression in prisoners
serving a sentence at the Correctional Institution
Class IIB Mojokerto showed that most
respondents experiencing mild depression. This is
because the prison is a very unpleasant, where
inmates with various types of criminal acts come
together in the scope of prisons, where inmates
not a bunch of people who are always able to
Studies Depression Level Inmates Undergo Drug Abuse During Punishment in Institutions
Correctional Class II B Mojokerto
relate well to others, causing the pressure of its
own for inmates
SUGGESTION
1. for Inmates
Expected to inmates to counseling by
health professionals and get closer to God
Almighty that can reduce psychological stress
in order to cope with depression.
2. For Prisons
Expected to prisons to provide positive
activities to develop the skills of prisoners,
providing entertainment for prisoners, giving
spiritual cleansing to hold spiritual activities
together religious figures.
3. For Medicals
It is expected that health professionals are
able to provide mental care to prisoners who
are depressed so that nurses are able to provide
the appropriate action on the inmates.
4. For Further Research
It is expected to conduct research to
examine the development of family visits
factor ddan other predisposing factors that may
cause depression in prisoners.
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Correctional Class II B Mojokerto 8