Central nervous system(CNS)-consist of the brain and

spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system(PNS)-consist of all nervous
tissue outside
the CNS, include nerves and ganglia
Sensory input: light, sound, taste, smell, touch,
temperature, pain, pressure.
Motor output: Movement, changes in metabolism,
heart rate, breathing rate.

Cells of the Nervous System:

Neuron:
Multipolar- many dendrites and one axon
Bipolar- one dendrite and one axon
Pseudo-unipolar- Appears to have a single axon.
Glial cells of the CNS:
Astrocytes- highly branched
Ependymal cells- epithelial like
Microglia- small, mobile cells
Oligodendrocytes
Glial Cells of PNS:
Schwann cells- single cells surrounding axons

SYNAPSE: the axon of one neuron interacts

with another neuron.
Presynaptic terminal- the end of the axons forms
Postsynaptic membrane- the membrane of the
dendrite or effector cell.
Synaptic cleft- the space separating the presynaptic
and postsynaptic membranes.

REFLEXES:
1.Sensory receptor 2. Sensory neuron 3.Interneurons
4.motor neuron 5.effector organ
PLEXUSES OF THE SPINAL NERVES:
Cervical- Cl-C4- Phrenic- Several neck muscles.
Brachial- C5-TI- Axillary- two shoulders muscles
Radial- Posterior arm& forearm muscles
Musculocutaneous- Anterior arm muscles
Ulnar- Two anterior forearm
Median- Most anterior forearm muscles
Lumbosacral- LI-S4- Obturator- Medial thigh muscles
Femoral- Anterior thigh mucles
Tibial- Posterior thigh muscles
Common fibulator- Lateral thigh & leg
Coccygeal- S5&Co- -Pelvic floor muscles

Region of the right half of brain:

*Diencephalon *Cerebrum
*Brainstem *Cerebellum
Deiencephalon components: Thalamus,
Epithalamus, Hypothalamus.

Ascending tracts:
*Spinothalamic *Dorsal column *Spinocerebellar
SPEECH:
*Sensory speech area- located in parietal lobe
*Motor speech area- located in frontal lobe
Different levels of consciousness:
*Alpha waves- normal person
*Beta waves- intense mental activity
*Theta waves- brain disorders
*Delta waves- deep sleep

MEMORY:
*Working memory- task associated memory
*Short term memory- last longer than working
memory
*Long term memory- stored may depend
*Declarative- involves retention of facts
*Procedural memory- involves the development
of motor skills

VENTRICLES:
*Lateral ventricles- contain relatively large cavity
*Third ventricles- midline cavity
*Fourth ventricles- located at the base

CRANIAL NERVES & THEIR FUNCTIONS:

Olfactory- S- Smell
Optic- S
Oculomotor- M, P- Motor, Parasympathetic
Trochlear- M
Trigeminal- S, M
Abducens- M
Facial- S, M, P
Vestibulocochlear- S
Glossopharyngeal- S,M, P
Vagus- S, M, P
Accessory- M
Hypoglosal- M