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60
50
40
ɛ0,04= 1,630
ɛmax= 1,667
ɛp= 1,333
30
20
10
0
x = 0,04
-0.500 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500
Strain (ɛ)
160.00
Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)
100.00
80.00
ɛmax= 1,33
ɛ0,04= 0,8
60.00
ɛp= 0,67
40.00
20.00
0.00 x = 0,04
-2.000 -1.500 -1.000 -0.500 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
Strain (ɛ)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sieve Size ( mm )
Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 1 mm
Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 10 %
Graphic III.2 Related Between
Sieve Size with Percent Cumulative Disadvantaged Gravel
Percent Cumulative Disadvantaged (%) 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Sieve Size (mm)
Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 2 mm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Sieve Size (mm)
Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 2 mm
90
80
70
60
(%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Sieve Size ( mm )
Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 1 mm
Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 10 %
GraphicVII. 2. Relationship Between Strain and Stress Tensile Strength Steel
7000
5000
4000
σmelt = 3670 kg/cm2
3000
ɛmelt = 0,03
ɛmax = 0,07
ɛoff = 1
2000
1000
0
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125
Strain (ɛ)
350
Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)
300
250
σp= 214,29 kg/cm2
200
ɛmax= 0,85
ɛ0,05= 0,71
150
50
0
-0.40 x = 0,05 0.10 0.60 1.10 1.60
Strain (ε)
100
80
60
ɛ0,05= 0,415
ɛmax= 0,75
ɛp= 0,34
40
20
0
-0.60 -0.10 x = 0,05 0.40 0.90 1.40
Strain (ε)
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
Times (minute)
Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 2 mm