Reviewer in combustion (prelims) Piston- transmit the force exected by the burning of

charge to the connecting rod

Beau de Rochas (1862)- developed the theoretical
steps to have an efficient engine Piston rings- these are housed in circumferential
grooves provided on the outer surface of piston and
Nikolaus A. Otto (1876)- the first successful
made of steel alloys
internal-combustion engine was built by him
Compression ring- upper ring of the piston which
Rudolf Deisel- who wished to operate an engine or
provides air tight seal to prevent leakage of burnt
powdered coal
gases
Bore- diameter of the engine cylinder
Oil ring- provides effective seal to prevent leakage
Stroke- the maximum length the piston moves in of oil
one direction Connecting rod- it converts reciprocating motion
Displacement Volume- te volume swept by the of the piston into circular motion of the crank shaft
piston in moving between top and bottom dead
Crankshaft- converts reciprocating motion of the
center
piston into rotary motion
Engine displacement- the sum of the cylinder
Crankcase- houses cylinder and crankshaft of IC
displacement volumes
engine and serves as sump for lubricating oil
(2.5L or 153in^3)- engine displacement in
Flywheel- it is big wheel mounted on crankshaft
automobiles
whose function is to maintain its speed
Clearance Volume- volume between the engine
Cylinder bore- nominal inner diameter of the
head and the piston when the piston is at top dead
working cylinder
center
Piston area- area of circle of diameter equal to
Compression ratio- defined as being the cylinder
cylinde bore
volume at bottom dead center divided by the
cylinder volume at top dead center Stroke- nominal distance through which a working
piston moves between succesive reversals of
Four strokes (based on handouts)
direction of motion
Heat sink- used to remove heat from the air and
Dead centre- position of the working piston and
return the air to its original state
moving parts which are connected when direction
Gustav Trinkler- dual cycle was first introduced by of piston is reversed
him TDC-when piston is farthest to the crankshaft
Limited-pressure cycle- also called to dual cycle
BDC- when piston is nearest to the crankshaft
Stirling cycle- constant volume regeneration
Displacement volume or swept volume- nominal
Ericsson cycle- constant pressure regeneration volume generated by working piston when
travelling from one dead centre
Air-Standard Brayton cycle- is the ideal closed-
system gas turbine cycle Clearance volume- nominal volume of space of
the combustion side of the piston at TDC
Heat Engine- a device which transforms chemical
energy of a fuel into thermal energy Cylinder volume- total volume of cylinder

Cylinder- main part if the engine inside which Suction stroke (suction valve open, exhaust valve
piston reciprocates to and from. It should have closed)- charge consisting of fresh air mixed with
above 50 bar and 2000 C the fuel

Cylinder Head- the top end of the cylinder is Compression stroke (both valves are closed)-
covered over which inlet and exhaust valve,spark fresh charge is compressed into clearance volume
plug or injectors are mounted by return stroke
Expansion stroke (both valves are closed)- high
pressure of burnt gases force the piston towards
BDC
Exhaust stroke (exhaust valve open, suction valve
closed)- burned gases expel out
COMPARISON OF 4 AND 2 STROKE ENGINE
Steam power plant- work-producing device that
fits into definition of heat engine
Ratio of bore to stroke for small engine- 0.8 to 1.2,
if high 4:1
B=S – square engine
B<S under engine
B>S over square
Equivalence ratio- defined as the actual ratio of
fuel-air to ideal or stoichiometric fuel air
Combustion efficiency- defined to account for the
fraction of fuel which burns
Volumetric efficiency- governs how much power
and performance can be obtained from an engine
WOT- wide open throttle