Anatomy of a manuscript - how to write a manuscript in 19 sentences. Full research report - 3000 words - 3-4 main / supporting points - 4 tables figures brief report - 1800 words - 1-2 table / figure research letter - 800 words - 1 point - 0-1 table / figures.
Anatomy of a manuscript - how to write a manuscript in 19 sentences. Full research report - 3000 words - 3-4 main / supporting points - 4 tables figures brief report - 1800 words - 1-2 table / figure research letter - 800 words - 1 point - 0-1 table / figures.
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Anatomy of a manuscript - how to write a manuscript in 19 sentences. Full research report - 3000 words - 3-4 main / supporting points - 4 tables figures brief report - 1800 words - 1-2 table / figure research letter - 800 words - 1 point - 0-1 table / figures.
Droits d'auteur :
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
Director Massachusetts General Center for Global Health Harvard Medical School Harvard Initiative for Global Health Types of Manuscripts • Full research report – 3000 words – 3-4 main/supporting points – 3-4 tables figures • Brief report – 1800 words – 1-2 main/supporting points – 1-2 table/figure • Research letter – 800 words – 1 point – 0-1 table/figures Types of Manuscripts • Review Article • Editorial • Case report Anatomy of a Manuscript • Title page • Abstract • Introduction • Methods • Results • Tables/Figures • Discussion • Acknowledgements Which to write first? • Title page • Abstract • Introduction • Methods • Results • Tables/Figures • Discussion • Acknowledgements Writing Order • Introduction (brief literature review) • Ghost Tables/Figures (analytic plan) • Methods • Tables/Figures • Results • Discussion • Abstract • Title page • Acknowledgements Introduction • Nature of problem and significance • Context within prior knowledge • Specific research objectives and preplanned analyses, including subgroup analyses Introduction 3 paragraphs • Paragraph #1: What we know – Limit to only pertinent references • Paragraph #2: What we don’t know. • Paragraph #3: What we did to find out – Primary and secondary research objectives – Preplanned subgroup analyses Figures/Table • Aim for 3-4 total • Table 1: Patient characteristics • Table 2-4: one each research objective Tables • Purpose – Concise display of info – Provide several levels of detail – Reduces length of text • Restrict table/figures to explain argument and assess report Tables • Double space on single page • Number consecutively in order of first citation in text • Title should summarize data • Do not use horizontal lines • Give each column a brief/abbreviated heading • Footnote explanatory matter • Identify statistical measures of variation • Double space legend on separate page Figures • Number consecutively according to order cited • High resolution images • Letters numbers and symbols need to be clear and sufficient size • Include titles and detailed explanations in legend rather than figure • Double space legend on separate page Methods • Study design • Subject selection – Source population – Inclusion criteria – Exclusion criteria – Rationale for inclusion/exclusion criteria Methods • Technical information – Variable definition and measurement – Reference well known procedures – Briefly describe and reference less known procedures – Describe in detail new procedures – Provide rationale for procedure selection – Apparatus: manufacturer name and city in parentheses Methods • Statistical/Analytic methods – Provide enough detail for a knowledgeable reader with access to original data to verify results • Specific analytic methods • Software – Approach to bias/confounding • Human subjects approval Methods 3-5 paragraphs • Paragraph #1: participant selection • Paragraph #2-4: variables and procedures for each primary and secondary objective • Last paragraph: analytic methods Results • Narrative should be same logical sequence as tables/figures • Summarize rather than repeat all data from tables in text • Include absolute numbers with percentages Results 3-4 paragraphs • Paragraph #1 – Patient recruitment • Accept/decline – Patient characteristics • Paragraph #2 – Evidence for first objective • Paragraph #3 – Evidence for second objective • Paragraph #4 – Evidence for third objective Discussion • Summarize new and important findings • Conclusions should follow objectives • Suggest mechanism • Suggest clinical implications • Discuss limitations Discussion 5 paragraphs • Paragraph 1 – Summarize main finding • Paragraph 2 – Summarize supporting findings • Paragraph 3 – What are the implications – How does it change practice? • Paragraph 4 – Limitations • Paragraph 5 – Summary/conclusion References • Cite primary work over review articles • Avoid abstracts when possible • “in press” articles require permission • Avoid personal communication unless it provides essential information not available from a public source – include person and date • Check accuracy and formatting Title Page • Concise title that includes important info – Study design – Research question/finding – Makes electronic retrieval sensitive and specific • Authors names and institutional affiliations • Corresponding author: name, mailing address, fax, email • Sources of grant support • Running head (<40 characters) • Word count for text only • Number of figures/tables Abstract • Content or background • Study purpose • Basic procedures – Selection of subjects – Key variables – Analytic methods • Main findings including effect sizes/statistical significance • Principal conclusions Key Words • 3-10 works that capture main topics for indexing Abbreviations • Only standard abbreviations – ARV or ART • Use full term, then abbreviation in parentheses after first use Acknowledgement • Individuals who made essential contributions • Funding source Cover letter • Format of article • Brief summary of finding • Statement of non-redundancy of submission of publication • Conflict of interest • Read and approved by all authors • Contact info for corresponding author Authorship Criteria • Substantial contribution to – Conception and design, or – Acquisition of data, or – Analysis and interpretation • Drafting and critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content • Final approval of submitted version Authorship Order • First author – Design/conceive the study – Writes first draft – Partners with last author for subsequent drafts • Last author – Usually experienced investigator who partners with first author in interpretation, analysis, and writing • Second author – Major contribution • Third author – Important contributions • Middle authors – Everyone else who qualifies for authorship Corresponding Author • Usually first or senior author • Submits manuscript • Corresponds with publisher/editor – Revision – Gallies • Receives subsequent correspondence from outside investigators Conflict of Interest • Financial or personal relationship that inappropriately influences author, reviewer or editor – Employment consultancies, stock ownership, expert testimony – Same institution, relative, mentor, student, academic adversary – All potentially perceived rather than just actual conflicts should be disclosed Redundant Publication • Substantial overlap with another manuscript in print or electronic media • Preliminary reporting to media, government agencies or manufactures violates editorial policy of many journals • Related work should be referred to and referenced • Consider including copies of related material • Does not apply to presentations at scientific conferences Embargo • Defined date of release of published information • Determined by publisher • Creates level playing field amongst news agencies • Minimizes chaos of economically charged findings Submission Process 6-15 months • Approval of co-authors of final manuscript • Submission of manuscript and cover letter • Editorial review (2-3 weeks) – Reject – Send out for review • 1st review (6-12 weeks) – Reject – Reject and revise – Conditionally accept – Accept • 2nd Review (2-8 weeks) • Gallies (2-6 months) • Publication (1-3 months) Strategies For Success • 2 uninterrupted hours per day • Write intro/methods while collecting data • Consider opinion/review paper while collecting data • Prepare ghost tables to guide analysis • Write topic sentence for each paragraph Simple as 19 Sentences One topic sentence per paragraph • Introduction – #1: What we know – #2: What we don’t know. – #3: What we did to find out • Methods – #4: participant selection – #5-9: variables and procedures for each primary and secondary objective – #10: analytic methods • Results – #11 Patient recruitment and characteristics – #12 Evidence for first objective – #13 Evidence for second objective – #14 Evidence for third objective • Discussion – #15 Summarize main finding – #16 Summarize supporting findings – #17 What are the implications/how does it change practice? – #18 Limitations – #19 Summary/conclusion