LAB MANUAL

COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY

(Pharmacy Practice-III)

Name of Student: __________________________

Course Code: 519

Course Instructor: Dr. Khawar Khalid
Year/Semester: 3rd Year/6th Semester

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE

Faculty of Pharmacy
Nazeer Hussain University

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that ___ of

3rd Professional (6th Semester), Pharm-D has carried out
all the necessary practical/Lab work as per studies in
the subject of:

“Computer & its Applications in Pharmacy”

Remarks:

Instructor Signature:
Dr. Khawar Khalid Date:

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 INDEX

Sr. # Name of Practical Date Signature

01 Creating a Google (Gmail) account

02 Inserting a Signature in Gmail Account

03 Basics of using Microsoft Word (MS WORD)

04 How to make internal & external links in MS

WORD
05 Basics of using Microsoft PowerPoint

06 Creating a PowerPoint Presentation

07 Basics of using Microsoft Excel

08 Adding Charts and Graphs in Microsoft Excel

09 Making a Website/Blog using WordPress

10 Introduction to SPSS & Its Basics

11 Introduction to Endnote & Its Basics

12 How to Import References from PubMed

through Endnote?

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 Practical # 01
Creating a Google (Gmail) account

Principle:
Gmail is a web-based email account provider owned by Google. There are also other
web- based email account providers like Outlook, Hotmail, Yahoo etc.

Procedure:

Follow these step-by-step instructions to create a Gmail account Step

1: Open up your internet browser and go to the Google home page:
http:// www.google.com.pk

Step 2: Click on Gmail at the top right corner of the page.

Step 3: You’ll now be in the ‘Sign in’ section. As you

don’t have a Google account yet, you need to create
one. Click Create an account.

Step 4: To set up your new account, Google needs some

information about you – first, your first and last name.
Then ‘choose your username’ is the unique email address
that you wish to use, which will be placed before
‘@gmail.com’. Because it needs to be unique, Google
may have to check the availability of any name that you
decide on to make sure that no one already has it. Type
Figure 1.1: Choose your username
an email name into the ‘choose your username’ box and
then fill out the rest of your information. You will need to
ensure that the ‘I agree to the Google terms of service and
Privacy Policy’ is ticked. Then click next step.

Step 5: If the email name that you requested in is not

available, you’ll get a message saying that somebody
already has that username and offering you some
alternatives. You can decide to accept one of the
alternatives or type in another name and check its
availability once more. You will have to complete some of
the other boxes again. You may have to do this a few Figure 2.2: Username already taken, choose another
one
times. Once you finalize your email address, it’s a good
idea to make a note of it so that you can refer to it until
you remember it.
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Conclusion: Your google account (email address) has been successfully created.

Figure 3.3: New Email has been successfully created

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 Activity

Create an email account in lab and show the final result to your instructor
or Paste the Screenshot of the activity.

Signature:

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 Practical # 02
Inserting a Signature in Gmail Account

Open Gmail: Ensure that you are logged

in with the address that you want to add
a signature to.

Figure 2.1: Open Gmail

Open the Settings menu: Click the Gear

icon in the upper-right corner of the
window, and select Settings from the
menu that appears.

Figure 2.2: Open the setting menu

Find the Signature section: Scroll down

the Settings menu until you find the
Signature section. You will see a text box
as well as a drop-down menu with your
email address.

Figure 2.3: Find the signature section

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Type your signature: You can type anything you'd like into the signature field, and use the
text formatting tools to give your signature a custom look. Signatures commonly include
your name, place of employment and title, and your contact information.
You can change the font, color, weight, and more using the text formatting tools. A
signature should be easy to read and professional. A distracting signature will make you look
less professional to the recipient.

Example 01:

Example 02:

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 Activity
Create signature in any email account in lab and show the final result to
your instructor or Paste the Screenshot of the activity.

Signature:

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 Practical # 03
Basics of using Microsoft Word (MS WORD)

How to Start Microsoft Word

1. Find on your desktop

2. Double click the icon to open Microsoft Word

Note: If you do not have Microsoft Word icon on your desktop, try this:

1. Click on the bottom left side of your screen

2. Select ALL PROGRAMS
3. Select MICROSOFT OFFICE
4. Click on MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD

Entering Text
 To enter text, simply start typing!

Deleting Text
 To delete text to the left, tap the BACKSPACE button
 To delete text to the right, tap the DELETE key (located below the INSERT
key)

Saving a Document
1. Click FILE
2. Click SAVE AS

Note: Notice there are two save

Use this drop down arrow
options (SAVE, SAVE AS). The first
to navigate to the location
is useful is you are updating a you would like to save your
document you have already saves file
and you would like to save over Enter the name
the previous version. It’s a you would like to
shortcut. When saving for the first give your file
time, use SAVE AS. here

3. Select the folder, or area of

Figure 3.1: Saving a document
your computer you would like
to save the file to using the
drop
down arrow to navigate between areas on your PC
4. Highlight the text located in the FILE NAME field and hit the DELETE key
5. Enter the name you would like to give the file
6. Click SAVE

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Open a File
1. Click FILE
2. Select OPEN
3. Using the drop down arrow, navigate to the location of your desired file
4. Click on the file name
5. Click OPEN

Print a File
1. Click FILE
2. Select PRINT

Note: If you would like to see what the document will look like before its
committed to paper, select the PRINT PREVIEW option instead. If you like what
you see, Click to print the document as is

3. Review the print settings to make any changes necessary (changes could
include printing only certain pages, number of copies, as well as scaling
features)
4. Click OK

Note: If you simply want to print a whole document quickly, you can also use the

print shortcut located in the upper left hand toolbar.

Highlighting Text
1. Position your mouse icon to the right of the text your would like to select
2. Hold down the left mouse button and slide your mouse across the text
3. Release the mouse button when all the text you would like to select has
been selected

Note: A shortcut to select all the text in your document is as follows

1. Click EDIT
2. Select ‘Select All’ from the menu (or CTRL + A)
Hint: You can also perform certain
functions using keyboard shortcuts – I
have placed them in parenthesis next
to actions when they are available

Formatting Text
1. Click FORMAT
2. Select FONT
3. Select the changes you would like to
make, then click OK

Note: Text formatting can be done before

text is entered, as well as after. To
Format text that has already been entered,
highlight the selected text you want to change
and follow the steps above. Figure 3.2: Formatting Text

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 Note: You can also use the shortcut buttons located in the menu bar at the top of
the page to make quick font type, style, and size changes

Figure 3.3: Shortcut Buttons

Formatting Paragraphs
1. Click FORMAT
2. Select PARAGRAPH
3. Select the changes you would like to make, then click OK

Figure 3.4: Formatting Paragraph

Note: Paragraph justification can also be done using the justification shortcut
buttons located in the menu bar at the top of the page.

Left Justify Centered Right Justify

Formatting a Page
1. Click FILE
2. Select PAGE SETUP
3. Select the changes you would like to make, then click OK

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 Figure 3.5: Formatting Page

Copy and Paste

1. Select the text you would like to copy
2. Click EDIT
3. Select COPY (or CTRL + C)

Figure 3.6.1: Copy & Paste

4. Place your cursor specifically where you would like to copy the selected
text to (make the cursor is blinking in the place by clicking once with the
left button)
5. Click EDIT
6. Click PASTE (or CTRL + V)

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 Figure 3.6.2: Copy & Paste

Cut and Paste

1. Select the text you would like to cut
2. Click EDIT
3. Select CUT (or CTRL + X)
4. Place your cursor specifically where you would like to place the selected
text to (make the cursor is blinking in the place by clicking once with the left
button)
5. Click EDIT
6. Click PASTE (or CTRL + V)

Create a Bulleted / Numbered List

1. Click FORMAT
2. Select BULLETS and NUMBERING

Figure 3.7: Create a Bulleted/Numbered List

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 3. Choose the type of list and parameters you would like to set for the list
4. Click OK
5. Begin entering your text, and click ENTER to create the next item in the list
6. To end the list, click the BULLET LIST or NUMBER LIST icon located in the
formatting menu at the top of the page (You can tell which to click
because it will be the one that is shaded and has a blue trim around it

Undo Feature
1. Click EDIT
2. Select UNDO (or CTRL + Z)

Figure 3.8: Undo Feature

Spell Check
1. Click TOOLS
2. Select SPELLING AND GRAMMAR

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 Activity
Perform different activities from the above practical in lab and show the
final results to your instructor or Paste the Screenshot of the activity.

Signature:

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 Practical # 04
Making Internal & External links in MS WORD

Introduction:
You can add hyperlinks to your document that give your readers instant access to information in
another part of the same document. The hyperlink can be text or graphics. By using hyperlinks, you
can provide information to your readers without repeating the same information on different
pages.

Adding Internal Link:

To add links that jump from one part of a document to another part of the same document, mark
the destination and then add a link to it.

Mark the destination

Mark the hyperlink destination with a bookmark or a heading style.
1. Select text or an item, or click where you want to insert a bookmark.
2. Click Insert > Bookmark.

3. Under Bookmark name, type a name.

Note: Bookmark names need to begin with a letter. They can include both numbers and letters,
but not spaces. If you need to separate words, you can use an underscore ( _ )—for example,
First_heading.

4. Click Add.

Apply a heading style

Headings are automatically marked as a destination. All you need to do is apply one of the built-in
heading styles.
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 1. Select the text to which you want to apply a heading style.
2. On the Home tab, click the style you want.

Add the link

After you’ve marked the destination, you’re ready to add the link.

1. Select the text or object you want to use as a hyperlink.

2. Right-click and then click Hyperlink Hyperlink button.
3. Under Link to, click Place in This Document.
4. In the list, select the heading or bookmark that you want to link to.

Note: To customize the Screen Tip that appears when you rest the pointer over the hyperlink, click
ScreenTip, and then type the text that you want.

Creating External Links or Creating a Hyperlink to a Location on the Web

1. Select the text or picture that you want to display as a hyperlink.

2. On the Insert tab, click Hyperlink. Hyperlink button
3. You can also right-click the text or picture and click Hyperlink on the shortcut menu.
4. In the Insert Hyperlink box, type or paste your link in the Address box.

Note: If you don't see the Address box, make sure Existing File or Web Page is selected under Link to.

Optionally, type different display text for your link in the Text to display box.

Note: If you don't know the address for your hyperlink, click Browse the Web button to locate the URL on the
Internet and copy it.

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 Activity
Perform the above practical & show it to your instructor for approval.

Signature:

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 Practical # 05
Basics of using Microsoft PowerPoint
Theory:-
Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program currently developed by
Microsoft, for use on both Microsoft and Apple Macintosh operating systems. PowerPoint,
initially named "Presenter". PowerPoint is useful for helping develop the slide-based
presentation format and is currently one of the most commonly used slide-based
presentation programs available.

Starting Microsoft PowerPoint:

 Select the Start menu
 Select All Programs
 Select Microsoft Office
 Select Microsoft PowerPoint 2013

Figure 5.1: Starting PowerPoint

 When Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 starts, it opens in normal view and shows
the following screen:

Slides Tab
Slide Pane

Figure 5.2: Welcome Screen of PowerPoint

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The Ribbon:
The Ribbon is the display you see at the top of the Microsoft PowerPoint window.
It is where you access commands for Microsoft PowerPoint.

Figure 5.3: The Ribbon

Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 has hundreds of commands for working with different
presentations. To make it easier for users to find the commands they are looking
for, commands are organised onto eight main tabs:
Home - commands for formatting presentations.
Insert – to insert tables, clip art, pictures, links, headers and footers.
Design - to change page setup, slide orientation, fonts and styles.
Transitions - to add and effects to a slide.
Animations - to add animation to text in a slide and to manage the order.
Slide Show - tab to finalise the slide show details and timings.
Review - tab to check spelling.
View - access the different presentation views, to show and hide the ruler.

Selecting a Slide Layout:

When you start a new
presentation or add a new
slide, Microsoft PowerPoint
2013 adds a slide with the
default layout. If the layout
isn’t the one you want, you
can change to another one
of the built-in layouts. To Figure 5.4: Selecting a Slide Layout
select a slide layout:
From the HOME tab, in the Slides group, click Layout. A gallery opens
showing the layouts that can be selected.
Click on the desired layout to apply the format to the current slide.

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Formatting Text:
The commands commonly used to format text are included in the Font group on the
Home tab:

Figure 5.5: Formatting Text

Font - Choose selected fonts.

Font size - change the size of your text.
Bold - bold your text.
Italic - italicise your text.
Underline - underline your text.
Strikethrough - strike through your text.
Font Colour - change the colour of your text.

Saving a Document:
The first time you save a Microsoft PowerPoint 2013
presentation, you need to give it a name and
location. To do this:
From the File menu, select Save As.
Now, select a location to save your document.
Type in the name for the file.
Click Save.

Figure 5.6: Saving a document

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 Activity
Perform any activity from the above practical and show to your instructor or paste the screen
shot below:

Signature:
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 Practical # 06
Making a PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction:

PowerPoint is presentation software that can be

used to create slide shows for printing, on-
screen projection, or Web-based display.

To open PowerPoint in Windows, click on the

Start button --> Programs --> Microsoft

PowerPoint

OR

Double-click on the PowerPoint icon on the

desktop

To change the layout of an open slide, click on

the
Layout button in the Home tab. Figure 6.1: Change the Layout of Slide

To start a new presentation, click on the Office button on the top left corner
of the screen and select New:

The New Presentation window will appear. Here you can select from a
variety of themes and templates by looking under Installed Themes and
Installed Templates. From here you can also search Microsoft Online for
Figure 6.2: Start a
more themes and templates. New Presentation

Figure 6.3: Insert an appropriate theme

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PowerPoint - Understanding the Screen

Figure 6.4: Understanding the main screen

1. Office Button: The Office 2007 Button is located in the top left hand corner of the
screen. The Office Button allows you to open, save, and print documents, and perform
other document output functions such as fax and email.

2. The Ribbon: The traditional drop-down menus and toolbars of earlier Microsoft releases
have been replaced by the more intuitive and graphical Ribbon. Click on the arrow to
open a dialogue box with more options.

3. Command Tabs: Office 2007 applications automatically open to the Home command tab,
which contains formatting options needed to create a basic document, such as font and
paragraph settings. Specialized features can be accessed from other command tabs.

4. Slide & Outline Tabs: The Slides tab shows thumbnail images of your slides, allowing you
to rearrange and hide slides and view set transitions as you work. The Outline tab shows
the content of your slides, making it easy to rearrange your text.

5. Slide Panel: This panel is where you enter the content of your slides.

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6. Notes Panel: This is where you can enter notes. If you wish to enter longer notes, you
can go to the View tab and select Notes Page.

7. View Buttons: These three buttons include the Normal view, shown here, the Slide
Sorter, which allows you to shuffle your slides, and the Slide Show, which shows the slides
as if you were presenting.

8. Zoom Slider: This allows you to zoom in and out on the Slide Panel.

Selecting a Theme | Customizing a Theme

Design themes are a convenient way to add a professional flair to your presentation.
Themes include preset color palettes, fonts, backgrounds, and formatting effects.
PowerPoint provides you with the option to customize one of their existing themes or to
build your own.

Selecting a Theme

To choose a Theme for an open slide, use the Theme group under the Design tab. Use the
arrows on the right of the Theme group to scroll through the themes, or to see all available
themes at once. When you hold your mouse over any of the examples, PowerPoint will
show you a preview of the slide.

Figure 6.5: Selecting the theme design

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 Activity
Create at least 4-5 slides presentation and show to your instructor.

Signature:

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 Practical # 07
Basics of using Microsoft Excel

Theory:
 Excel is a computer program used to create electronic spreadsheets.
 Within Excel, users can organize data, create charts, and perform calculations.
 Excel is a convenient program because it allows the user to create large spreadsheets,
reference information from other spreadsheets, and it allows for better storage and
modification of information.
 Excel operates like other Microsoft (MS) Office programs and has many of the
same functions and shortcuts of other MS programs.

Overview of the Excel Screen:

 Microsoft Excel consists of workbooks.
Within each workbook, there is an infinite
number of worksheets.
 Each worksheet contains columns and rows.
 Where a column and a row intersect is called
the cell. For example, cell B6 is located where
column B and row 6 meet. You enter your
data into the cells on the worksheet.
 The tabs at the bottom of the screen
represent different worksheets within a
workbook. You can use the scrolling buttons
on the left to bring other worksheets into
view.
 The Name Box indicates what cell you are in.
Figure 7.1: Overview of Excel Screen
 This cell is called the “active cell.” This
cell is highlighted by a black box.
 The “=” is used to edit your formula on your selected cell.

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  The Formula Bar indicates the contents
of the cell selected. If you have created
a formula, then the formula will appear
in this space.

Figure 7.2: Formula Bar

Format Menu:
 You can change the colors, borders,
sizes, alignment, and font of a
certain cell by going to the “Cell”
option in the Format Menu.

Figure 7.3: Format Menu

Entering Formulas:
● When entering numerical data, you can
command Excel to do any mathematical
function.
● Start each formula with an equal sign
(=). To enter the same formulas for a
range of cells, use the colon sign “:”
Figure 7.4: Entering Formulas

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 ADDITION FORMULAS
To add cells together use the “+” sign.
SUBTRACTION FORMULAS
To subtract cells, use the “-” sign.
DIVISION FORMULAS
To divide cells, use the “/” sign.
MULTIPLICATION FORMULAS
To multiply cells, use the “*” sign.
Figure 7.5: Multiplication Formulas

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 Activity
Perform the above activities and show to your instructor or paste the screen shots below:

Signature:

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 Practical # 08
How to Add Charts and Graphs in Microsoft Excel
Theory:
• Charts, or graphs, provide visual representations of the workbook data.

• A chart may be embedded in an existing worksheet, or can be created on a

separate chart sheet, with its own tab in the workbook.

Create a chart using the Chart Wizard:

• To create a chart with the Chart Wizard:
– Select the data you want to
chart, which will be your data
source
– Click the Chart Wizard button on the
standard toolbar
– In the first step of the chart
wizard, select the chart type and
sub-type
– In the second step of the Chart
Wizard, make any additions or
Figure 8.1: Create a chart using the chart
modifications to the chart's wizard

data source
– In the third step, make any
modifications to the chart's
appearance

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 – In the fourth and final step, specify the location for the chart, then click
the OK button
Choosing a data series:
• You can alter the data source during step 2 of the Chart Wizard and also
choose whether to organize the data source by rows or by columns.
• The data source is organized into a collection of data series.
– A data series consists of data values, which are plotted on the chart's
vertical, or Y-axis
– The data series’ category values, or X values, are on the horizontal axis,
called the X-axis

Computer and Its Application in Pharmacy - Manual

• A chart can have several data series all plotted against a common set of
category values.

Figure 8.2: Different Series plotted against a common set of category

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 Activity
Draw an Excel Chart and show to your instructor or paste the screen shots below:

Signature:

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 Practical # 09
Making a Website Using WordPress

What is WordPress?
WordPress is a free and open-source web-based content management system (CMS) based on PHP
(Programing language) and MySQL (database system).

When do you use it?

 To create professional websites or your personal Blog

 To create online registration systems
 To create several other online applications and websites of different businesses

Most Popular Site Building Platforms

In recent statistics made by W3Techs, WordPress is the most popular content

management system (55%) followed by Joomla (20%) and Drupal (11%).

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 Before we start building website, we need a Domain Name and Web Hosting

In order to get set up your WordPress (or any other type of websites), you’re going to need these things:

 Get a domain name (a web address like yoursitename.com)

 Get web Hosting (a service that connects your site to the internet)
 Install WordPress in Hosting account.

To start building website, we need to do the following steps from this website:

https://websitesetup.org/

Activity
Create your Website/Blog with some Images and at least 1000 Words Contents

(Write down the Sub-Domain name of your website)

Signature:

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 Practical # 10
Introduction to SPSS & Its Basics
Theory:
SPSS abbreviated as ““Statistical Package for the Social Sciences”
It is a software used for data analysis in business research. Can be used for:
o Processing Questionnaires
o Reporting in Tables and Graphs
o Analyzing: Means, Chi-square, Regression …and much more.

The SPSS Data Editor:

Data View

Figure 9.1: Data View in SPSS

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 Variable View

Variable view Figure 9.2: Variable View in SPSS

o Name
o Type (Numeric)
o Label
o Values (= the codes of the answers)

o Measure (= Level of Measurement)

This is what Data View looks like with some content added

Figure 9.3: Practical Data View in SPSS

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T test:
A T test may be used to compare two group means using either one of the following:

o Within-participants design (a Paired-Samples T Test)

o Between-participants design (an Independent-Samples T Test)

Figure 9.4: How to open Paired Sample T-Test

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Figure 9.5: Selecting the appropriate Variables

Figure 9.6: Plotted Data

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 Activity
Perform some activity from the above and show to your instructor or paste the screen shots
below:

Signature:
Page | 41
 Practical # 11
Introduction to EndNote & Its Basics
Theory:
Endnote is a program that maintains references and creates your bibliography.

References just need to be entered once

References can be imported from search engine to eliminate typographical errors
References are stored in a data base and can be sorted on any of the features of the
database, e.g. year, author, title.
Journals have been pre-formatted, so once the citation is made in the text, all the
formatting is done for you and can be changed easily for re-submitted to another
journal.
Endnote works with Word or Outlook.
This tutorial is for the PC version of Endnote. The Mac version, would be very similar,
but not identical.

Installing Endnote:
• For new versions of Endnote (8.0 or greater) the installation process should be as simple
as running the executable file on CD and entering in the correct code.
• Earlier versions might require file re-location.

After installing Endnote, any version, go to Word and check the toolbars to make sure
the Endnote tool bar is available. If so add it to your toolbars

1. The later versions of Endnote just have a shortcut to the C:/Program

Files/Endnote X directory. I don’t know if this works in the earlier versions.

Figure 11.2: Open through Endnote X directory

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• You will be prompted to save the new database. You can browse, just like saving any
other PC file, to save the file where you want.
• You can also title the database anything you want.
• Endnote files will have the Endnote icon to denote them

Figure 11.3: Open the previous Endnote File (Library)

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 Activity
Perform the activity & paste the screen shots below:

Signature:

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 Practical # 12
How to Import References from PubMed through Endnote?

Theory:

REFERENCE is the detailed description of the document from which you have obtained the
information.

Honest and professional citation of references provides part of the framework for sound written
research:

because you must acknowledge the sources you have used to establish your
arguments and criticisms;
the references enable other people to identify and trace the sources you have used
for your ideas;
And it helps avoid charges of plagiarism because it makes clear when you are using
someone else's ideas and words.

Uploading References from PubMed

The easiest search engine to upload reference from is PubMed.

Figure 12.1: Uploading References from PubMed

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• First you want to connect to the PubMed resource. After initially connecting, it will
be short-catted.

Figure 12.2: Connect to PubMed Resource

• Scroll down to PubMed (NLM) and hit connect (NLM=National Library of Medicine)

Figure 12.2: Choose PubMed in Directory (NLM)

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• A search engine should come up.

Figure 12.3: Select the Version

A conformation box will appear. At this point you can cancel if you have too many
references to search through, and you will be allowed to add more search criteria

Figure 12.4: Confirm to Add Reference

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Your screen should look something like this. If you double click on the reference you
will get the next screen.

Figure 12.5: Reference Added Successfully

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 Activity
Perform the activity & paste the screen shots below:

Signature: ____________________