Environment is everything that is around us. It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) things.

It
includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment. They constantly
interact with it and adapt themselves to conditions in their environment. In the environment there are different
interactions between animals, plants, soil, water, and other living and non-living things.
Since everything is part of the environment of something else, the word environment is used to talk about many
things. People in different fields of knowledge use the word environment differently. Electromagnetic environment
is radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields. The environment of galaxy refers to
conditions between the stars.[1]
In psychology and medicine, a person's environment is the people, physical things and places that the person lives
with. The environment affects the growth and development of the person. It affects the person's behavior,
body, mind and heart.
Discussions on nature versus nurture are sometimes framed as heredity vs. environment.
Natural environment
In biology and ecology, the environment is all of the natural materials and living things, including sunlight. If those
things are natural, it is a natural environment.
Environment includes the living and nonliving things that an organism interacts with, or has an effect on it. Living
elements that an organism interacts with are known as biotic elements: animals, plants, etc., abiotic elements are
non living things which include air, water, sunlight etc. Studying the environment means studying the relationships
among these various things. An example of interactions between non-living and living things is plants getting their
minerals from the soil and making food using sunlight. Predation, an organism eating another, is an example of
interaction between living things.
Some people call themselves environmentalists. They think we must protect the natural environment, to keep it
safe. Things in the natural environment that we value are called natural resources. For example; fish, insects,
and forests. These are renewable resources because they come back naturally when we use them. Non-renewable
resources are important things in the environment that are limited for example, ores and fossil fuels. Some things
in the natural environment can kill people, such as lightning.
Ecological units which are natural systems without much human interference. These include
all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural events.
Universal natural resources and physical phenomenon which lack clear-cut boundaries. These
include climate, air, water, energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism.
Historical environment
A person's environment is the events and culture that the person lived in. Environment is everything around us. A
person's beliefs and actions depend on his environment. For example, Thomas Jefferson and Julius
Caesar owned slaves. Modern people mostly think it is wrong to own slaves. But in Jefferson's and
Caesar's environments slavery was normal. So, their actions did not look as wrong in their societies. Its simple
definition is:
Interaction between human and environment in the past.

Environmental science, interdisciplinary academic field that draws

on ecology, geology, meteorology, biology, chemistry, engineering, and physics to study environmental
problems and human impacts on the environment. Environmental science is a quantitative disciplinewith both applied
and theoretical aspects and has been influential in informing the policies of governments around the world. Environmental
science is considered separate from environmental studies, which emphasizes the human relationship with
the environment and the social and political dimensions thereof. For example, whereas a researcher in environmental
studies might focus on the economic and political dimensions of international climate-change protocols, an environmental
scientist would seek to understand climate change by quantifying its effects with models and evaluating means of
mitigation.

Environmental Sustainability
It is defined as could be defined as a condition of balance, resilience, and interconnectedness that allows
human society to satisfy its needs while neither exceeding the capacity of its supporting ecosystems to
continue to regenerate the services necessary to meet those needs nor by our actions diminishing
biological diversity.

Refers to regulations aiming to environmentally sustainable development.

Is related with the maintenance of the factors and practices that contribute to the quality of environment
on a long-term basis.

This refers to harvesting renewable resources that can be continued indefinitely, minimizing pollution
creation, and avoiding non-renewable resource depletion.

There is also a growing awareness that Green IS is not only a contributor, but perhaps will be a key
facilitator for sustainable strategies. As the interest for environmental strategies unfolds, so does the
understanding for how Green IS will be part of the solution. Its relevance and ever increasing employment
only broadens the context of environmental sustainability.

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT 9003

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 59 of Republic Act No. 9003 , otherwise known as the
"Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000," and by virtue of Executive Order No.
192, Series of 1987, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources hereby adopts and
promulgates the following rules and regulations

PART I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Rule I. Preliminary Provisions

Section 1. Title - These Rules shall be known and cited as the "Implementing Rules and Regulations of
the Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000."

Section 2. Purpose - These Rules are promulgated to prescribe the procedures and guidelines for the
implementation of the Philippine Solid Waste Management Act of 9003 in order to facilitate compliance
therewith and achieve the objectives thereof.

Section 3. Scope – These Rules shall lay down the powers and functions of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, the Department of Trade and Industry, all other concerned
agencies and local government units, the rights and obligations of stakeholders and the rights and duties
of the people with respect to the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management.

Section 4. Construction - These Implementing Rules and Regulations shall be liberally construed to carry
out the national policy of adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management
program consistent with the pursuit of sustainable development. The Rules also cover support actions
such as research and studies on solid wastes, providing technical standards and guidelines for effective
waste management systems.
 Section 5. Administrative and Enforcement - These Rules and Regulations shall be administered by the
Secretary or his duly authorized representative or thorough any other department, bureau, office,
agency, local government units, state university or college and other instrumentalities of the
government for assistance in the form of personnel, facilities and other resources as the need arises in
the discharge of its functions.

Rule II. Declaration of State Policy

Section 1. Declaration of Policies

It is the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program which shall:

A-J

Rule III. Definition of Terms

For the purpose of these Implementing Rules and Regulations,

"Agricultural waste""Bulky wastes""Bureau""Buy-back center""Collection""Composting""Consumer

electronics""Controlled dump""Department""Disposal""Disposal site""Ecological solid waste
management""Environmentally acceptable""Environmentally
preferable""Generation""Generator""Hazardous waste""Leachate" s"Life cycle assessment""Materials
recovery facility""Municipal wastes""Non-environmentally acceptable products or packaging""Open
burning""Open dump""Opportunity to recycle""Person(s)""Post-consumer
material""Receptacles""Recovered material""Recyclable material""Recycled
material""Recycling""Resource conservation""Resource recovery""Re-use""Sanitary landfill""Schedule
of Compliance""Secretary""Segregation""Segregation at source""Solid waste""Solid waste
management""Solid waste management facility""Source reduction""Source separation""Special
wastes""Storage""Transfer stations""Waste diversion""White goods"

PART II. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS

Rule IV. Oversight Arrangements

RULE V. SUPPORT INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS

RULE VI. CREATION OF LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT BOARDS

PART III. COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

RULE VII. PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING POLICY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

RULE VIII. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

RULE IX. WASTE SEGREGATION AT SOURCE

RULE X. COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND HANDLING OF SOLID WASTES

RULE XI. MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITIES AND COMPOSTING

RULE XII. IMPLEMENTING A RECYCLING PROGRAM

RULE XIII. OPERATIONS OF CONTROLLED DUMPSITES

RULE XIV. OPERATIONS OF SANITARY LANDFILLS

PART IV. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCING, INCENTIVES AND COST RECOVERY

RULE XV. FINANCING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES

RULE XVI. INCENTIVES

RULE XVII. COST RECOVERY MECAHNISMS

PART V. PROHIBITED ACTS, PENALITIES AND SUITS

RULE XVIII. PENAL PROVISIONS

RULE XIX. ADMINISTRATIVE AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES

RULE XX. SUITS

PART VI. RESEARCH, PUBLIC INFORMATION AND ACCESS TO RECORDS

RULE XXI. RESEARCH AND PUBLIC INFORMATION

RULE XXII. ACCESS TO RECORDS

PART VII. FINAL PROVISIONS

HEHERSON ALVAREZ Secretary

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C
Socrates - was an ancient Greek philosopher considered to be the main source of Western thought.

a human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness. Ultimate wisdom comes from knowing
oneself. The more a person knows, the greater his or her ability to reason and make choices that will
bring true happiness.

Plato - was a Greek philosopher known and recognized for having allowed such a considerable
philosophical work. Plato is a faithful pupil of Socrates.

He seeks to define morality: the meaning of courage, wisdom, friendship, piety, virtue, and professes
that virtue is knowledge and vice is ignorance. Plato believes that wisdom is the supreme goal of
existence.

Augustine - is a fourth century philosopher whose groundbreaking philosophy infused Christian

doctrine with Neoplatonism.

tries to reconcile his beliefs about freewill, especially the belief that humans are morally
responsible for their actions, with his belief that one’s life is predestined.

René Descartes - is often credited with being the “Father of Modern Philosophy.”

attempted to address the former issue via his method of doubt. His basic strategy was to
consider false any belief that falls prey to even the slightest doubt. This “hyperbolic doubt” then
serves to clear the way for what Descartes considers to be an unprejudiced search for the truth.

David Hume – was a Scottish Enlightenmentphilosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is
best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, scepticism,
and naturalism.
criticized the dogmatic rationalism of the seventeenth century and brought the principle of causality in
the subjective opinion.

"All the perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall
call IMPRESSIONS and IDEAS."

the reason is inert in terms of motivation and action. This is because according to him, the faculty of the
human mind to associate the ideas with each other is true or false.
criticized the dogmatic rationalism of the seventeenth century and brought the
principle of causality in the subjective opinion.

Immanuel Kant – Kant, influenced by the works of David Hume, German philosopher Immanuel
Kant’s position as one of the greats in Western metaphysics comes from works he published late in
life, including Critique of Pure Reason (1781) and The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of
Ethics(1785).

argued for an absolute morality based on free will and rationality, referred to as the categorical
imperative: “Act as if the maxim from which you act were to become through your will a universal
law.” His brilliant, sometimes impenetrable arguments about the limits of human understanding are
part of the canon of Western thought.

the human is a rational being who has a will which is defined as a disposition and capacity to act
according to principles or laws he gives himself.
Kant’s position on the theory of knowledge shows us that it occupies a central position between
rationalism and empiricism.

Gilbert Ryle – was a British philosopher. mainly associated with the Ordinary Language
Philosophy movement.
-studies the nature of the mind (mental events, mental functions, mental properties and consciousness)
and its relationship to the physical body.
-It is a view that is thought to have saved the “reality” of the mental from the “eliminativist”
or “fictionalist” tendencies of behaviourism while acknowledging the insight (often
attributed to Ryle) that the mental is importantly related to behavioural output or response
(as well as to stimulus or input).

Maurice Merleau-Ponty - was a French phenomenologicalphilosopher, strongly influenced

by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.

empiricism also makes our cultural world an illusion, by ignoring the internal connection
between the object and the act. For him, perception is not merely the result of the functioning of
individual organs, but also a vital and performative human act in which "I" perceive through the
relevant organs.