1

Chapter 1

PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

One of the primordial mandates of the Bureau of Corrections is the effective

rehabilitation of prisoners. Thus, various programs are in place to address the

rehabilitation aspect in corrections. Rehabilitation in correctional work is done

through a combination of programs that involves spiritual activities, educational

courses (formal and informal), medical and hygienic practices, cultural and

recreational activities, productive work, counseling, therapeutic and disciplinary

measures. After the basic needs of an inmate are met, the formal rehabilitation

process involves the following institutionalized programs such as Inmate Work

program, health care, education and skills training, recreation and sports, religious

guidance and behavior modification using the therapeutic community approach.

In the State of Philadelphia, USA, the Department of Correctional Services

aims to contribute in maintaining and protecting a just, peaceful and safe society by

enforcing court imposed sentence in the manner prescribed by the Correctional

Services Act. No.111 of 1998 (as amended). The Department also aims to provide a

secure correctional environment that adequately detains persons accused or

convicted of illegal acts; to provide programs, services, and supervision in a safe,

lawful, clean, humane environment; and to prepare incarcerated persons for re-entry

into society.

In Pennsylvania, the prisoners are confined in single cells day and night

where they lived, they slept, and they ate and receive religious instructions.

Complete Silence was also enforced. They are required to read the bible. Prisons
 2

would be progressive, attempting to correct through “workshops” rather than through

hellish confinement (William Penn, 2000).

Criminal rehabilitation is gaining popularity among many who are forward

thinking. Such forms of rehabilitation can help to reduce the number of repeat

offenders who return to jail after being unable to adapt to life outside of jail. This can

also help to solve some of the more serious cases, such as sexual offenders who

may continue in their ways after being released, preying on women or children.

Criminal rehabilitation can help to solve the problem of overcrowding in most prisons.

The criminal population continues growing, as the death penalty has been abolished,

and the state would need to spend more on facilities to house criminals (Wright,

2007).

In California, inmates may get involved in a program known as “Joint

Venture.” The first joint venture opened in July 1991. Now, sixteen companies

employ 500 inmates throughout the state prison system doing everything from

raising pigs and ornamental plants to manufacturing office furniture, stainless steel

equipment, rubber products, and electronic components. About 72,000 prisoners

nationwide are employed in inmate work programs, according to a 1998 Corrections

Industry Association report. An increase in positive inmate programming has proven

to minimize institutional violence because of decreased idleness. Inmates are

involved in purposeful activities, giving them a sense of being a part of the larger

community. Programs such as this have the potential for successfully transitioning

inmates from prison to the world of work. Helping to create success for inmates may

involve a change in how prison culture is allowed to dictate interaction at every level

of institutional life. Many prisons are moving toward a therapeutic model, foregoing

the punitive approach as something that has not worked.

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In the Philippines, the Bureau of Correction has undertake rehabilitation

programs to help an inmate lead a responsible, law abiding and productive life upon

release. Efforts shall be made to ensure an optimum balance between the security of

the prison and the effectiveness of treatment programs. Inmate and public safety,

and the requirements for effective custody, shall, however, take precedence over all

other activities at all times and shall not be compromised. Rehabilitation and

treatment programs focus on providing services that will encourage and enhance the

inmate’s self-respect, self-confidence, personal dignity and sense of responsibility.

Corrective and rehabilitation services include religious guidance; psychotherapy;

socialization; health and sanitation; vocational training; mental, physical and sports

development; and value formation and education. Occupational and vocational

training programs are based on the needs of the inmates, general labor market

conditions, and institution labor force needs. An important component is on-the-job

training, which inmates receive through institution job assignments and work in

Federal Prison Industries. The Bureau also facilitates post-secondary education in

vocational and occupationally-oriented areas. Recreation and wellness activities

encourage healthy life styles and habits. Institution libraries carry a variety of fiction

and nonfiction books, magazines, newspapers, and reference materials.

The inmates at the Davao Prison and Penal Farm work at the TADECO

plantation and receive minimum wage for their efforts. They use their earnings to

support various personal needs and income-generating activities. The prisoners are

encouraged to engage in livelihood programs particularly in handicrafts in order for

them to have additional source of income. The inmates are also given value

formation and moral building activities through the educational and religious program

of the bureau. Such activities help them to realize what they have gone through and
 4

prepare them to become better individuals and re-born members of the society,

eventually. The visiting and recreational program further helps them to get an

atmosphere of the world beyond the confines of the penal farm. It actually prevents

the inmates in developing a feeling of isolation which might even lead to depression.

The bureau ensures that while the prisoners are serving their punishment for their

respective offenses they would not be futile and that there is always room for change

and development. In such case, they retain their identities and make their families

feel that they still exist and could even afford to support the latter though they are in

prison.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of inmates on the rehabilitation

program in Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Dujali, Davao del Norte.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Length of Service

2. What is the level of satisfaction of inmates in Davao Prison and Penal Farm in

terms of:

2.1 Age

2.2 Length of Service

2.3 Rehabilitation Programs

2.3.1Educational Program

2.3.2 Livelihood Program

2.3.3 Religious Program

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2.3.4 Visiting Program

2.3.5 Recreational Program

3. Is there a significant difference on the satisfaction of inmates when analyzed

according to:

3.1 Educational Program

3.2 Livelihood Program

3.3 Religious Program

3.4 Visiting Program

3.5 Recreational Program

Hypothesis

This research is based on the rehabilitation programs of the Bureau of

Corrections that is being adopted and implemented in Davao Prison and Penal

Farm. The programs were well implemented and brought about high level of

satisfaction among inmates.

To test the research hypothesis, the following null hypotheses are tested at

0.05 level of significance.

1. There is no significant difference on the level of satisfaction of inmates in

Davao Prison and Penal Farm in terms of:

1. Educational Program

2. Religious Program

3. Livelihood Program

4. Recreational Program

5. Visiting Program
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Review of Related Literature

The researcher reviewed literature materials pertinent to the rehabilitation

program and the satisfaction of inmates in Davao Prison and Penal Farm. Readings

are taken from the primers of Davao Prison and Penal Farm, executive orders, book,

periodicals, handbooks, internet references and other articles that bear relevance to

the present investigation.

According to Wright (2007), in criminal rehabilitation, prisoners are given

opportunity to increase their content knowledge base. This is essential as studies

show that many inmates do not have basic grade school education. This would

severely impede their success of acquiring jobs, thus many had to turn to a life of

crime. Basic criminal rehabilitation programs ensure that there is a standard level of

literacy amongst the inmates who sign up for the course. Rehabilitation also ensures

that inmates are socially well adjusted. Psychological assessments are being meted

to test for mental or physical disabilities that led to their incarceration in the first

place. Should the inmates be ready and willing to accept counseling and

assessment, many of them are able to return to society as relatively well-balanced

individuals. For drug addicts, this is a pertinent issue, as many of them are struggling

with addiction problems. Counseling would help to balance inner dynamics that led

to the addiction, and possibly the criminal behavior that financed the addiction.

Criminal rehabilitation has many positive benefits and can impact the lives of many

inmates as well as their families. It can help with wider social issues as well, such as

reducing discrimination and stigma. There are statistics showing that only 35 percent

of inmates do not make their way back to prison upon their release. This leaves us

with a large percentage of released criminals who do commit crimes and end up

being repeat offenders. This poses a major difficulty to society as well as a strain.
 7

The government has to fork out huge sums to keep tabs on these possible repeat

offenders as well as maintaining the prison systems. Needless to say, the possibility

of releasing prisoners who might be repeat offenders is a threat to social safety.

However, the scenario does have a light at the end of the tunnel. There seems to be

a good reason why some former inmates do not return to jail: it appears that their

time in incarceration was spent productively, changing some vital aspect of their

personality.

Studies have shown that normalizing the prison experience through the

offering of education programming, vocational training, and work for pay, along with

transitional skill building reduces recidivism exponentially. Prison should not be - for

the inmate - a life of leisure with no sense of responsibility to the larger society.

Prison should however, be a place where the inmate can make amends, find societal

redemption, and learn skills allowing him to live in the larger society as a positive

force instead of a liability (Berge, 2007).

As stated by Roanoke (2009) structured rehabilitative and treatment programs

for all inmates requesting participation, including general education, substance

abuse, individual and group counseling, religious, recreation, work and educational

release programs. All of the programs are available to all inmates regardless of sex,

race, origin, religion, political views, disabilities or legal status. The primary goals of

classification are the proper housing and custody assignment of inmates to ensure

inmate, staff and public safety and to facilitate appropriate treatment and program.

Classification, or the evaluative process by which housing decisions are made, is the

primary management tool to aid in providing appropriate responses to this widely

diverse inmate population. Classification determines the degree of supervision

required to control each inmate to ensure the security of the institution and the safety
 8

of the community. Overall, a properly functioning classification system has been

found to provide the basis for the effective management of inmates in a safe, secure

correctional environment, while also ensuring their equitable, humane treatment.

Classification is an ongoing process reoccurring as needed during the inmate's

incarceration. The classification section is staffed by three full time members

including a supervisor. All inmates are afforded equal protection against personal

abuse, corporal punishment, personal injury, disease, property damage and

harassment. Each inmate committed shall be afforded freedom from discrimination

based on race, religion, national origin, sex, handicap or political beliefs. Security

permitting, all inmates will have equal access to the jail's various programs and work

assignments and involvement in decisions concerning their classification status.

Work program for inmate includes daily maintenance of the prison, housekeeping,

laundry, painting, canteen operations, public service and food service operations.

The principal value of trustee programs is in the opportunities they provide for the

development and/or reviving of skills and work habits instrumental in the inmate's

successful occupational adjustment in the community. The various routine cleaning

and other housekeeping chores must be performed by inmates on a day-to-day

basis but some intramural work assignments such as food service, painting, laundry

or other duties, offer inmates the opportunities to receive a form of vocational

training. These vocational training opportunities may provide the inmate with the

necessary skills to obtain similar jobs in the free society. As part of the

rehabilitation of inmates Recreational Program provide a wide range of activities to

permit inmates to express their talents and pursue their interests in a wholesome

way. This can be an important factor in reintegration into society as well as meeting

the physical fitness, mental fitness, and general wellness of the inmate while he/she
 9

is incarcerated. Specific activities within a category are determined by assessing

inmate needs and considering physical plant constraints, security/operational

concerns, financial considerations, staff availability, resource availability, and

seasonal limitations. In Games Category includes activities primarily of a sporting

nature, including intramural programs and general recreation as available on a daily

basis. This also includes informal recreation such as table games and other game

activities. Creative Arts includes activities related to art, music, drama, graphic arts,

in-cell craft studies, etc. Wellness Education deals with the understanding of positive

use of free time is incorporated into all activities programs. Wellness education is a

key component to a successful positive lifestyle. This program promotes self-

awareness, self-fulfilment, and personal motivation toward positive actions and

avoidance of idleness (Beard, 2007).

According to Epps and Barbour (2001) the Religious Programs has a mission

to serve the inmate population and institutions by promoting and delivering quality

spiritual life services in the areas of worship, religious education and crisis

counseling. This department seeks to achieve the highest professional response

from staff chaplains and volunteers involved in the delivery of a variety of religious

activities across the state, and to integrate Religious Programs staff and services

into an institutional response toward meeting the needs of the inmate population.

This is also the best opportunity to confront negative attitudes and behaviors of

newly adjudicated offenders.

As stated by Johnson (1997) that as long as there have been prisons,

religious education and training have been offered to prisoners. Religious programs

for inmates are not only among the oldest but also among the most common forms

of rehabilitative programs found in correctional facilities today. Among all other types
 10

of personal enhancement programs offered in prison, religious activities attracted the

most participation: 32 percent of the sampled inmates reported involvement in

religious activities such as Bible studies and church services, 20 percent reported

taking part in self-improvement programs, and 17 percent reported that they had

been involved in counseling. Tocqueville (1833) was correct when he observed that

rehabilitation and reformation are two different things: We can measure

rehabilitation, but we cannot measure reformation. Though we can observe that

some inmates unquestionably may have changed in positive ways, there is no way

of observing whether they have "repented." The former inmate still may be a "very

bad" person "on the inside," but as long as he does not commit illegal acts when he

leaves prison, as he did previously, he is "rehabilitated." This intriguing distinction

warrants research.

As mentioned by Larson (1997) if religion can inhibit delinquent and criminal

activity, why might it not facilitate the process as well as the outcomes of prison

rehabilitation? Aside from complex and difficult theological discussion about the

possible spiritual roles of religion, as well as the evidence demonstrating the mental

and physical health benefits of religion there are scientific reasons to predict that

religion might affect behavioral and social change. Religion targets antisocial values,

emphasizes accountability and responsibility, changes cognitive approaches to

conflict, and provides social support and social skills through interaction with

religious people and communities. Such emphases seem to be consistent with what

many rehabilitation workers would call principles of effective treatment. Increased

church attendance or religious practice has often been associated negatively with

crime and/or delinquent activity. In keeping with much of the religion-crime literature,

one could argue that inmates most strongly committed to religious activities. Inmates
 11

in serious trouble with institutional authorities may be more likely to attend a religious

function if they believe it may benefit them in some way. Religion offers the

opportunity to gain forgiveness, to start over, to receive another chance, and even to

attempt to cover over (or cover up) their prison "sins." Religion can be comforting, or

even a tool for manipulation. In an environment where status degradation is

common, spirituality can be empowering, especially to those who find themselves in

trouble and alone. Therefore those who have committed a serious infraction may be

more likely to seek out religious programs. Although religion is frequently practiced in

prisons, either privately or programmatically, criminal justice research suffers in both

quality and quantity in examining the impact of religion on prison process and

outcome factors.

The sprawling New Bilibid Prison to the south of the Philippine capital is

known for holding the country's most notorious and hard-core convicts. But perhaps

what is less known is that fashion has recently found itself a place inside the 551-

hectare compound here. Every Tuesday, around 40 inmates from the maximum-

security section would sit face-to-face with one of Manila's haute couture designer to

learn how to bead and hand-paint fancy evening gowns and formal attire. When their

skills grew mature, each participating inmate was paid anywhere from 100 to 500

pesos per gown, depending on the intricacy of the design and the time to finish it.

The originality, the quality and craftsmanship of the painting of these gowns have

attracted so much attention from the fashion world. The Fashion Creativity workshop

is a part of the livelihood programs aimed at preparing the inmates for a life once

they finished serving their sentence. There are various programs including

education, sports, industry, spiritual growth, agricultural, vocational and alternative

learning tailored to meet the demand of 22,000 inmates serving their terms in New
 12

Bilibid, the country's largest prison facility. The inmates are given a second chance

and their dignity is restored through the harnessing of their talent and staying

productive. Giving them a second chance is better than locking them up. The fashion

design initiative makes them proud again, and be responsible. It is the feeling of

restored dignity, self-esteem and pride in one's work that gives inmates the greatest

achievement of the Fashion Creativity Workshop (Quinones, 2009).

Livelihood Program for inmates is set to become an earning opportunity as

well as a means to contribute to the inmates having a healthy mind occupied with

creativity and productivity. Besides developing handcrafting skills also taught life

skills – to exercise their power of choice and to become productive and responsible

members of society. The inmates are learning that committing a crime and ending up

in jail isn’t the end of it all, realizing that they have the right and responsibility to

make and have a great life for them (Lifeline, 2006).

Doren (2004) said that reformation of the offender is being regarded as an

ultimate aim of the prison sentence. Prison reform measures should lead to some

reduction in inmate’s feelings of hostility, helplessness and other negative emotions.

The stresses behind the bars include separation from their family members,

overcrowding, sensory deprivation, exposure to a high – density of hard – core

offenders and variety of uncertainties, fear, frustrations. The "Family Visiting

Program," allow selected inmates to spend up to two days in relatively unsupervised

private visits on the prison grounds with members of their immediate family. The

second program, the '"Temporary Release Program," allows inmates about to be

paroled to make visits to their home communities in order to arrange jobs and

housing, spend time with their families, and otherwise prepare themselves for

release.
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Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored on the theory based on the Review of Related

Literature and Background of the Study that the prisoners will come into their new

lives if they are released from prison and finish their sentence in the workhouse. The

institution provides for the separation of different classes of inmates in individual

cells and their employment at useful labor authorities in the prison. They believed

that prisoners could be made to feel penitent for their crimes if they were confined

and treated well. This idea appealed to Howard, and from it developed the

penitentiary system. This theory supports the early U.S. court decisions that

prisoners had to experience all of the rights enjoyed by free citizens. Eventually, the

Bureau of Correction recognize certain rights and privileges available to prisoners

such as right to receive compensation for labor he performs; right to be credited with

time allowances for good conduct and loyalty; right to practice his religion or observe

his faith; right to receive authorized visitors. Privileges such as to read books in the

library, attend or participate in any entertainment or athletic activity within the prison

reservation, participate in civic, religious and other activities authorized by prison

authorities, and receive gifts and prepared food from visitors subject to inspection.

The independent variable of the study is the rehabilitation program with the

educational, livelihood, religious, visiting, and recreational programs as indicators

while the dependent variable is the satisfaction of inmates as regards the

rehabilitation programs. Age and length of service of the inmates serve as the

moderator variables.
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Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Rehabilitation Programs Satisfaction of Inmates

 Educational Program  Educational Program

 Livelihood Program  Livelihood Program
 Religious Program  Religious Program
 Visiting Program  Visiting Program
 Recreational Program  Recreational Program

 Age
 Length of Service

Moderator Variable

Figure 1

Conceptual Framework showing the variables of the study.

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Significance of the Study

By nature and purpose of this study, the results or findings of the study will

bear significant contributions to the following:

The Davao Prison and Penal Farm to be more effective and efficient in the

implementation of rehabilitation programs of inmates.

The criminology students of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc. to be aware of

rehabilitation programs designed by the Bureau of Corrections to effectively

transform a criminal offender into a law abiding citizen.

This study can also be used as an informative tool to make the inmate’s

relatives aware of the programs of the bureau.

The public and community will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the

rehabilitation programs through the level of satisfaction of inmates of the Davao

Prison and Penal Farm and be aware that the inmates are not deserted, however,

provided with the services and assistance to enable them to solve their individual

needs and problems arising from the prisoners’ confinement.

Definition of Terms

Rehabilitation Program – This term refers to an emending or an emendation,

rebuking or punishing. In this study, it refers to the program given by the bureau of

corrections to the inmates.

Educational Program – This refers to the educational benefits granted by R.A.

8371 as in giving of scholarship. In this study, it refers to program given to the

inmates regarding learning activities.

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Livelihood Program – This term refers to the subsistence or employment of

prisoners while serving their offenses. In this study, it refers to the project extended

by the government to help uplift the financial status of the people in the community.

Religious Program – This term refers to a system of beliefs and practices

relating to the sacred and uniting its adherents in the community. In this study, it

refers to practices and beliefs given by the bureau of corrections.

Recreational Program – This term refers to the activities that include Athletic/

sports, music and arts, social games, special activities on special events, etc.

Visiting Program - is an integral element of any prison system. Visitation

improves the prison environment and gives inmates something to look forward to as

an incentive to participate in rehabilitative programs and cope up with prison life.

Prison Farm - is a large correctional facility where hard labor convicts are put

to economical use in a 'farm', usually for manual labour, largely in open air, such as

in agriculture, logging, quarrying, etc. Its historical equivalent on a very large scale

was called a penal colony.

Inmate – a person confined in jail or prison to serve a sentence after a

conviction by a competent court or authority. Also referred to as convict.

Length of Service – This refers to the duration of time or period of existence of

an inmate inside the Bureau of Corrections. In this study, it refers to the time served

inside the jail.

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Chapter 2

METHOD

This chapter presents the research methodology, instruments, subjects and

statistical tools used in the study.

Research Design

This study is an evaluation on the level of satisfaction of inmates on the

rehabilitation programs offered by the Bureau.

The descriptive method of research was used in this study in order to

determine the respondent’s level of satisfaction on the rehabilitation programs of the

Bureau of Corrections.

The descriptive method is considered the most appropriate inasmuch as the

standard insight of the inmates are determined to reflect their satisfaction on the

rehabilitation programs.

Research Subject

The study was conducted at Davao Prison and Penal Farm, B.E Dujali, Davao

del Norte, where the inmates serve their punishment or sentence. Inmates were

classified into minimum, medium and maximum punishment. The researcher focuses

only on the inmates serving the minimum punishment for security reasons. Ninety-

nine (99) minimum inmates served as the respondents and answered the

questionnaires with the explanation given by the researcher regarding on the

perception on the rehabilitation program as one of the services offered by the

Bureau. There were twenty-six (26) inmates with the length of service one to five

years; fifty-eight (58) inmates within the bracket of six to ten years and there were
 18

fifteen (15) inmates who belonged to the bracket of eleven to fifteen years.

Universal sampling or complete enumeration was used in this study.

Table 1
Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Length of Service

Length of service Number of Respondents Number of Samples

(In Years)

1-5 26 26

6 - 10 58 58

11 - 15 15 15

Total 99 99

Research Instruments

The study made used of the researcher-made questionnaire as the instrument

in gathering the information from the respondents. The questions were based on the

objectives of the study on the following indicators: educational program, livelihood

program, religious program, recreational program and visiting program.

The researcher personally administers the distribution of questionnaires to the

respondents to assure one hundred percent return. This

study used the following scaling and parameters.

SCALING DESCRIPTION

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Slightly Agree

2 Slightly Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree
 19

RATING SCALE LEVEL

4.51 – 5.00 Very High

3.51 – 4.50 High

2.51 – 2.50 Moderate

1.51 – 2.50 Low

1.00 – 1.50 Very Low

The rating scale below was adopted for interpretation purposes.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher prepared a letter of request addressed to the Davao Prison

and Penal Farm Superintendent asking permission to conduct the study. The said

letter also sought permission to the different correction officers of the following

inmates who are in the minimum punishment. Questionnaires were distributed to the

inmates; items of clarification and instruction were explained well. Lastly,

questionnaires were retrieved then tabulated and arranged according to the

moderator variables.

Statistical Treatment

The following statistical tools were used in this study:

Percentage. This was used to determine the number of the respondent’s profile.

Mean. This was used to determine the level of satisfaction of inmates in the

rehabilitation programs of Davao Prison and Penal Farm.

Z-Test. This was used to determine the significant difference in the level of

satisfaction of inmates in the rehabilitation programs of Davao Prison and Penal

Farm.
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Chapter 3

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The answers to the sub-problems raised earlier in this paper are presented,

analyzed and interpreted in this chapter under the following headings and sequence:

Profile of the Respondents; Level of Satisfaction among Inmates; Difference on the

Level of Satisfaction of Inmates according to the rehabilitation programs in Davao

Prison an d Penal Farm. Presentation of data is done through tables and textual

discussion.

Profile of the Respondents

Presented in Tables 2 and 3 are the data on the profile of respondents in

terms of age and length of service.

In terms of age of inmates, twenty-eight (28) or 28.3 percent belonged to the

group of 21 – 30 years old; eighteen (18) or 18.2 percent belonged to the group of 31

– 40 years old; thirty-seven (37) or 37.4 percent belonged to the group of 41 – 50

years old; nine (9) or 9.1 percent belonged to the group of 51 – 60 years old; seven

(7) or 7.1 percent belonged to the group of 61 – 70 years old. It was found out the

ages ranging from 41 to 50 years got the highest percentage for the age of the

inmates.

Among the respondents, the group with 6 – 10 years of service has the

largest number at fifty-eight (58) or 58.6 percent. The group with 1 – 5 years has the

second largest number with twenty-six (26) or 26.3 percent while those with 11 – 15

years have the least number with fifteen (15) or 15.1 percent.
 21

Table 2
Profile of Respondents in Terms of Age

PROFILE BY AGE
AGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE

21-30 28 28.3%

31-40 18 18.2%

41-50 37 37.4%

51-60 9 9.1%

61-70 7 7.1%
TOTAL 99 100%
Table 3
Profile of Respondents in Terms of Length of Service

PROFILE BY LENGTH OF SERVICE

TERM NUMBER PERCENTAGE

1-5 26 26.3%

6 - 10 58 58.6%

11 - 15 15 15.1%

TOTAL 99 100%
Level of Satisfaction of Inmates when classified according to Rehabilitation
Programs

Table 4

NUMBER OF CALCULATED
PROGRAMS DESCRIPTION
RESPONDENTS MEAN

EDUCATIONAL 99 4.22 HIGH

RELIGIOUS 99 4.27 HIGH
LIVELIHOOD 99 4.19 HIGH
 22

RECREATIONAL 99 4.18 HIGH

VISITING 99 4.42 HIGH
TOTAL - 21.28 -
OVERALL MEAN 4.26 HIGH

Legend:
Range of Means Description

4.51 – 5.00 Very High

3.51 – 4.50 High
2.51 – 3.50 Moderate
1.51 – 2.50 Low
1.00 – 1.50 Very Low

Reflected in Table 4 are the data on the Level of Satisfaction of Inmates in the

Rehabilitation Programs of the Bureau of Corrections in Davao Prison and Penal

Farm.

Among the different programs offered by the Bureau of Corrections in Davao

Prison and Penal Farm, the inmates are most satisfied with the Visiting Program with

the mean of 4.42; followed by the Religious Program with the mean of 4.27;

Educational Program has a mean of 4.22; Livelihood Program got 4.19 while

Recreational Program obtained a mean of 4.18.

As a whole, the Rehabilitation Program is considered high.

Level of Satisfaction of Inmates when classified according to Age

Table 5

NUMBER OF
AGE RESPONDENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

21-30 28 4.41 HIGH

31-40 18 4.11 HIGH

 23

41-50 37 4.05 HIGH

51-60 9 4.40 HIGH

61-70 7 4.72 VERY HIGH

TOTAL 99

The level of satisfaction of inmates when analyzed according to age is shown

in Table 5.

Group of age from 61 – 70 with seven (7) respondents has the highest overall

mean of 4.72 with a descriptive equivalent of very high; the rest was categorized as

high from group of age ranging from 21 – 30 with twenty-eight (28) respondents got

an overall mean of 4.41; ages ranging from 51 – 60 with nine (9) respondents has an

overall mean of 4.40; group of age from 31 – 40 with eighteen (18) respondents

obtained an overall mean of 4.11 while group of age from 41 – 50 with thirty-seven

(37) respondents has an overall mean of 4.05.

Level of Satisfaction of Inmates when analyzed according to Length of Service

Table 6

NUMBER OF
TERM(YEARS) RESPONDENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1–5 26 4.36 HIGH

6 – 10 58 4.19 HIGH
 24

11 – 15 15 4.33 HIGH

TOTAL 99

Table 6 shows the rating of level of satisfaction of inmates in the rehabilitation

programs when analyzed according to Length of Service.

The group of inmates with 1 – 5 years length of service has the highest

satisfaction rate with the mean of 4.36; followed by the group with 11 – 15 years with

an overall mean of 4.33. The group with a term that falls from 6 -10 years has the

least satisfaction with 4.19 overall mean. It implies that the level of satisfaction of

inmates in Davao Prison and Penal Farm is generally satisfactory.

Difference on the Level of Satisfaction of Inmates when classified according

to Rehabilitation Programs

Table 7

Rehabilitation Z - Value Decision

Programs On Ho
Computed Tabular
 25

Educational 4.22 0.51 Accepted

Religious 4.27 0.52 Accepted

Livelihood 4.19 0.51 Accepted

Recreational 4.18 0.50 Accepted

Visiting 4.42 0.48 Accepted

Shown in Table 7 are the data on the difference of the level of satisfaction of

inmates when analyzed according to the different rehabilitation programs of Davao

Prison and Penal Farm.

Educational Program has an overall mean of 4.22 followed by the Religious

Program with an overall mean of 4.27; Livelihood Program has an overall mean of

4.19; Recreational Program has an overall mean of 4.18 while Visiting Program

obtained an overall mean score of 4.42.

The significant differences were tested using z-test. There is no significant

difference in the level of satisfaction of inmates for Educational Program with a score

of 0.51. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction of inmates in the

Religious Program with a score of 0.52. There is no significant difference in the level

of satisfaction of inmates for Livelihood Program with a score of 0.51. there is no

significant difference for Recreational Program and Visiting Program with a scores of

0.50 and 0.48 respectively. All scores are within the 1.96 limit for z-test; as such, the

null hypothesis is accepted, which means that an inmate who is randomly picked will

have a high level of satisfaction in the rehabilitation programs of Davao Prison and

Penal Farm.
 26

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Presented in this chapter are the summary of findings, the pertinent

conclusions and recommendations drawn by the researcher from the results

obtained.
 27

Summary

The study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the rehabilitation

programs of the Davao Prison and Penal Farm and the level of satisfaction of the

inmates. There were ninety-nine (99) respondents who willingly answered the

questionnaires. The gathered data were tabulated and analyzed through the

computation of percentage, mean and z-scores. Following are the results:

First, the average age of the inmates is 38.8 years while the average length of

confinement or service is 7.36 years.

Second, the effectiveness of the various rehabilitation programs of the Davao

Prison and Penal Farm is considered high with the educational program exhibiting

4.22 mean; religious program with 4.27; livelihood program with 4.19; recreational

program with 4.18; and visiting program with 4.42. Likewise, the z-test reveals the

scores of 0.51, 0.52, 0.51, 0.50 and 0.48 respectively, which are all with the 1.96

limit.

Third, the level of satisfaction of the inmates on the rehabilitation programs is

also high whether they are grouped according to age or length of service. The age

group 21-30 has a mean of 4.41; age group 31-40 with 4.11; age group 41-50 with

4.05; age group 51-60 with 4.40; and age group 61-70 with 4.72. In terms of length

of service, the group with 1-5 years has a mean of 4.36; group 6-10 with 4.19; and

group 11-15 with 4.33.

Conclusions

Based on the research findings and computations, the following conclusions

were drawn:

First, the various programs of the Davao Penal and Prison Farm are highly-

effective in addressing the needs and concerns of the inmates while they are still
 28

serving their terms of punishment and in preparation for their eventual release to the

civil community. The visiting program may have demonstrated the highest

effectiveness among the different programs, but such is relatively expected and

justified inasmuch as the inmates really need the presence of their families, friends

and loved ones while inside the prison farm.

Second, there is not much difference in the level of satisfaction of inmates on

the various rehabilitation programs whether they are young or old and serving a

shorter or longer period of punishment.

Finally, the level of effectiveness of the rehabilitation programs and the level of

satisfaction of the inmates of the Davao Penal and Prison Farm is generally high and

satisfactory.

Recommendations

With the above findings and conclusions, it is recommended for the Davao

Prison and Penal Farm to develop and come up with other innovative and significant

programs and activities in order to further raise the effectiveness of the various

rehabilitation programs and the level of satisfaction of the inmates.

REFERENCES

Stephen C. Richards and Jeffry Ian Ross (2001), “The New School of Convict
Criminology,” Social Justice, 28, 1:117-190.

Sykes, William B. (2001). Rehabilitations among Inmates. South Africa: Phoenix

African Publishing Company.
 29

Richard, Norman G. (2002). The Correctional Orientation of Prison Guards: Do

Officers Support Rehabilitation? Federal Probation, Texas Publishing
Company, Inc.

Kate, Harold E. (2003). Correctional Services and Criminal Justice System.

South Africa: Phoenix African Publishing Company.

:http://educationalissues.suite101.com/article.cfm/education_in_prison#ixzz0USQ17
bwb (Dec. 2009).

Collins, John Michael L. (2002). Prison Officers Attitude and Perceptions of Attitudes:
A Case of Pluralistic Ignorance. Journal of Research in Crime and
Delinquency.

Farkas, M. A. and Stojkovic, S. (2007). Correctional Leadership: A Cultural

Perspective. Thomson Asian Edition.

Phillips, R. L., and Roberts, J. W. (2000). Quick reference to correctional

administration. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.

APPENDIX A

Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc.

Department of Criminology
Sto. Tomas, Davao Del Norte

March 12, 2010

 30

To: SUPT IV VENANCIO J. TESORO

Davao Prison and Penal Farm
B.E Dujali, Davao del Norte

Dear Sir,

I am Josephil J. Nestoso, a fourth year criminology student at the Davao

Winchester Colleges, Inc. in Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte. As a requisite for
graduation, senior students of DWCI are required to present and defend a thesis of
our choice and preference. In view of this, I would like to request permission to
conduct a survey among the inmates of Davao Prison and Penal Farm through the
distribution of survey forms/questionnaires.

Rest be assured that this research work shall be used only for academic
purpose and shall in no way discredit the integrity of the Bureau.

Thank you.

Respectfully yours,

(Sgd.) JOSEPHIL J. NESTOSO

Researcher

Approved:
(Sgd.) SUPT IV VENANCIO J. TESORO
Davao Prison and Penal Farm
B.E Dujali, Davao del Norte

APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE REHABILITATION PROGRAM AND THE LEVEL OF

SATISFACTION OF INMATES IN DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM

NAME (OPTIONAL):
_______________________________________________________________
AGE: ____________________ LENGTH OF SERVICE: ___________________________________
 31

Direction: Kindly read and check the rating which corresponds to your personal opinion.
(Panuto: Basahin at markahan ang antas na tumutugma sa iyong personal na opinion.

5 - Strongly Agree (Lubos na sumasang-ayon)

4 - Agree (Sumasang-ayon)
3 - Slightly Agree (Bahagyang sumasang-ayon)
2 - Slightly Disagree (Bahagyang di-sumasang-ayon)
1 - Strongly Disagree (Lubos na di sumasang-ayon)

QUESTIONS LEVEL OF SATISFACTION

(MGA KATANUNGAN) (ANTAS NG PAGTANGGAP)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Educational Program

1. I learned so much from the educational program of the Bureau

of Corrections (Marami akong natutunan sa programang pang-
edukasyon ng Bureau of Corrections)

2.The knowledge that I have gained gives me additional self-

esteem (Ang mga kaalamang aking natutunan ay nagbibigay ng
karagdagang tiwala sa aking sarili)

3. Through the educational program of the Bureau of Corrections,

I become more confident to relate to people. (Sa pamamagitan ng
programamng pang-edukasyon ng Bureau of Corrections, mas
higit akong nagkakaroon ng lakas ng loob na makisalamuha sa
mga tao)

4. The educational program of the Bureau of Corrections is very

effective in preparing the inmates to face a life outside of prison.
(Ang programamng pang-edukasyon ng Bureau of Corrections ay
napakabisa sa paghahanda sa mga bilanggo na harapin ang
buhay sa labas ng kulungan.)

5. The Bureau of Corrections is employing competent teachers or

instructors for our educational development. (Marurunong at
tunay na may kakayahan ang mga nagtuturo sa mga bilanggo.)

Religious Program (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

1. The Bureau of Corrections respects the religious beliefs and

affiliations of all inmates. (Nirerespeto ng Bureau of Corrections
ang relihiyon at ispiritwal na paniniwala ng mga bilanggo.)
 32

2. I can freely exercise my faith. (Malaya kong naisasagawa at

naisasabuhay ang aking pananampalataya.)

3. The religious program of the Bureau of Corrections helps the

inmates to restore faith with the Lord. (Natutulungan ng
programang pang-relihiyon ang mga bilanggo na magbalik-loob
sa Panginoon.)

4. There are separate venues for prayer for different religion.

(May kani-kaniyang lugar ng pagdarasalan ang iba’t ibang
relihiyon.)

5. Our families can join us during religious ceremonies.

(Nakaksama namin ang aming pamilya sa oras ng
pananampalataya o pagsisimba.)

Livelihood Program (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

1. The Bureau of Corrections offers a variety of livelihood
programs for the inmates. (Maraming programang
pangkabuhayan ang ipinagkakaloob ng Bureau sa mga bilanggo)
2. Through the livelihood programs, we learn a lot that can
prepare us when we go out of prison. (Marami kaming
natututunan sa programamng pangkabuhayan na
nakapaghahanda sa amin sa aming paglaya.)
3. The livelihood programs make our time worthwhile. (Nagiging
makabuluhan ang aming oras sa pamamagitan ng mga
programang pangkabuhayan.)
4. We are able to earn while in prison. (Kumikita at nakakaipon
kami habang nasa bilangguan.)
5. We are able to provide for our family’s needs even we are in
prison. (Nasusuportahan namin ang mga pangangailangan ng
aming pamilya kahit kami ay nakakulong.)
Recreational Program
1. We are given enough time for recreational activities.
(Binibigyan kami ng sapat na oras para sa mga gawaing
pangkaaliwan)
2. Sports and exercises keep us strong and healthy. (Ang mga
ehersisyo at gawaing pampalakasan ay nakapagpapanatili sa
amin na maging malakas at malusog.)
3. We have enough sports facilities and equipment. (Sapat ang
 33

mga gamit para sa gawaing pampalakasan.)

4. We are also given time to celebrate during special occasions.
(Binibigyan din kami ng pagkakataon na magsaya tuwing may
mga espesyal na okasyon.)
5. The sports and recreational activities enable us to develop the
spirit of camaraderie and friendship. (Sa pamamagitan ng mga
gawaing pampalakasan at kaaliwan, napapalawig naming ang
prinsipyo ng pagkakapatiran at pagkakaibigan.)
Visiting Program
1. The Bureau of Corrections allows families to visit the inmates.
(Pinapayagan ng Bureau of Corrections na dalawin ang mga
bilanggo ng kanilang pamilya)
2. The families of inmates are given enough time to visit and stay
with the inmates. ( Ang mga kamag-anak ay nabibigyan ng sapat
na oras upang dalawin at makapiling ang mga bilanggo.)
3. Through visitation, the inmates are able to maintain
communication and contact with their families and prevent them
from homesickness. (Ang programa sa pagdalaw ay
nakapagpapanatili sa komunikasyon ng mga bilanggo at kanilang
kamag-anak at nag-iiwas sa kanila sa kalungkutan.)
4. Our families can visit us during holidays and other special
dates. (Nadadalaw kami ng aming pamilya tuwing oras ng
pagdiriwang.)
5. With the visiting program of the Bureau of Corrections, we can
still spend time with our families even though we are in prison.
(Dahil sa programa ng Bureau of Corrections, nakakapiling pa rin
namin ang aming mga mahal sa buhay kahit kami ay nasa loob
ng kulungan.)

APPENDIX C

Data for Rehabilitation Program and the Level of Satisfaction of Inmates

RESP. AGE TERM PROGRAM MEAN

EDUCATION RELIGIOUS LIVELIHOOD RECREATIONAL VISITING
1 22 4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4 5
 34

2 24 6 5 5 5 5 5
3 25 5 4.8 4.6 4.2 5 4.6
4 25 2 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.8 5
5 26 10 4.6 4 4.4 3.8 3.8
6 26 5 4.8 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.4
7 26 5 5 4.2 4.2 4.2 5
8 26 5 5 4.2 4.2 3.8 5
9 26 2 3.8 5 4.4 4 4.4
10 26 5 5 5 5 5 5
11 27 7 5 5 5 5 5
12 27 7 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.6 5
13 27 6 3.8 3 4.4 4.2 4.4
14 27 6 4 4.4 4.8 4.6 5
15 28 10 2.2 4.2 3 2.8 4.6
16 28 5 5 5 5 5 5
17 29 8 5 5 4.4 4.6 4.8
18 29 7 5 5 5 5 5
19 29 7 4.6 4.6 4.8 5 4.8
20 29 6 3.6 4.4 4.8 4 4.2
21 29 6 4 4 4 4 4
22 29 5 5 5 5 5 5
23 30 11 2.8 4 2.8 2.6 4.2
24 30 7 4.8 4 4.6 4.2 4.2
25 30 7 3.4 2.8 3 3 3
26 30 6 3.8 3.2 3.8 4.2 4.8
27 30 4 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.4 4.4
28 30 4 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.8
29 31 8 4.4 3.8 4.6 4.2 5
30 31 7 5 5 4 4.6 5
31 31 7 5 1.8 5 3.2 3.4
32 31 2 2 3.2 1 2.8 3.4
33 32 12 4.4 4 4.4 4.2 4.4
34 32 11 5 4.2 4.2 4.2 5
35 32 9 5 4.8 5 4.8 5
36 32 8 2.4 1.2 1.6 2.2 1.8
37 32 7 4.6 5 4.6 5 5
38 32 4 4.8 5 5 5 5
39 33 11 2.6 2.6 5 5 2.6
40 33 10 3.8 4 3.4 4.4 4.2
41 33 6 4.6 4 4.4 3.8 4.2
42 33 3 3.4 4.4 3 4.2 2
43 34 11 3.8 3.8 4.4 2.4 4.6
44 34 8 4.8 4.8 5 5 5
45 34 8 3.6 4 4.4 4.4 3.8
46 34 5 4 3.8 4.8 4 4
47 35 7 4.2 3.6 4.8 4.4 5
 35

48 35 6 5 5 5 5 5
49 36 12 3.8 4.2 4.8 4 4.6
50 36 12 4.2 5 4.4 4.2 4.8
51 37 9 3 3 3 3 3
52 37 5 4.6 3.6 5 4.2 4.2
53 37 3 3 3 2.8 3 3
54 37 4 5 4.6 5 4.6 5
55 38 13 5 5 2.6 5 5
56 38 7 4.6 4 3.2 3.2 4.4
57 39 11 5 5 4.2 3.4 5
58 39 9 5 5 5 5 5
59 40 10 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.4 5
60 40 8 4.6 5 3 4.2 5
61 40 8 2.6 5 5 5 5
62 40 6 4 4.8 3.4 2.4 3.6
63 40 6 1 1.8 1 3 4
64 40 5 4.6 3.6 3.8 3.4 5
65 40 6 5 5 5 5 5
66 41 6 4.4 4.2 4 4 4.8
67 42 8 4.2 4.2 4.8 4.4 4.8
68 42 7 3.8 4 2.8 3.8 2.8
69 42 6 5 5 5 5 5
70 43 15 4.2 5 5 3.8 3.8
71 43 9 4 2.8 3 3.8 2.4
72 43 9 3.8 4.8 4.8 5 4.6
73 44 9 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.8
74 44 5 4.4 5 4.2 5 5
75 45 8 1 1 1 1 1
76 45 8 3 5 3 3 3
77 46 2 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.4
78 47 14 4.8 5 4.6 4.4 4.4
79 47 5 4.2 3.4 2.8 2.6 5
80 48 8 3.8 4 4.4 4 4.8
81 50 10 4.2 4 5 4.4 4.4
82 50 8 4 4.6 4 3.8 4.2
83 50 6 3.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6
84 52 8 5 5 5 4.8 5
85 53 9 5 3.4 5 3.4 3.4
86 53 9 3.4 4.2 2.8 3.4 4
87 57 6 4.2 4.4 3.6 3.8 4.6
88 58 5 4.4 4.2 3.8 4.6 3.8
89 59 11 5 5 2.6 5 5
90 59 11 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.8
91 59 9 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4
92 60 4 4.8 5 5 5 5
93 61 10 4.8 5 4.8 4.8 5
 36

94 61 8 5 5 5 5 5
95 61 6 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.6 5
96 63 15 5 4.8 5 5 5
97 63 6 4.4 4.6 4.4 4 5
98 66 13 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.8
99 68 4 3 5 5 5 5

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name: Josephil ‘Jimenez’ Nestoso

Age: 19 years old

 37

Date of Birth: April 20, 1990

Place of Birth: Sto. Tomas, Davao Del Norte

Contact No.: 09278911488

Present Address: Fd. Rd. #3 Camia St. Sto. Tomas, Davao Del Norte

Father’s Name: Ernesto Aguipo Nestoso

Mother’s Name: Ma. Anna Jimenez Nestoso

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic

Educational Background

Elementary: Sto. Tomas Central Elementary School

High School: Sto. Tomas National High School

College: Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology