Estimate & Costing

Little Birds School, Sanjay Nagar, Front of Railway Station, Alwar
*IMPORTANT TERMS*
1m = 1000 mm
1m = 100 cm
1cm = 10 mm
1' feet = 12'' Inch
1" = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm
1' = 12'' = 12 2.54 = 30.48 cm = 304.80 cm
1mtr = 3.28 feet
1m2 = (3.28 feet)2 = 10.764 feet2
1m3 = (3.28 feet)3 = 35.28 feet3
1 Yard) = 3 feet
1 (Sq yard) = 9 feet
'' = 1'
1
1'' = = 0.83 feet
12
2
2'' = = .166 feet
12
3
3'' = = 0.25 feet
12
4
4'' = = 0.333 feet
12
5
5'' = = 0.416 feet
12
6
6'' = = 0.50 feet
12
7
7'' = = 0.583 feet
12
8
8'' = = 0.666 feet
12
9
9'' = = 0.75 feet
12
10
10'' = = 0.833 feet
12
11
11'' = = 0.916 feet
12
12
12'' = = 1.0 feet
12
Study Material & Online Exams Facility available on web App.

Website:-WWW.civilianinstitutealwar.in 1 Contact No.: 9610446964
Ex. Statement 1. - 1'4'' 2'9'' 3'8''
1.333 2.75 3.666 = 13.38 cubic feet
1'4'' 2'9'' 3.8''

12 4 12 2 9 12 3 8
12 12 12
16 33 44 16 33 44
13.44 cft.
12 12 12 1728
Ex. 2
1'6'' 1'7''
1.50 1.58 = 2.37
1 12 6 1 12 7 18 19 18 19
= = = 2.37 Sq. feet.
12 12 12 12 144
Ex.3
1 = 165' 165' = 27225 Sq feet

1 = 20
27225
1 =
9
1 Hectare = 10000 Sq.m
27225
1 = = 2529.26
10.764
2529.26
Hectare 1 = = 0.2529 Hectare
10000
10000
Hectare( )= = 3.69 = 4
2529.26
1 = 32
1 = 1.6
1 1 = 1.60 27225 = 43560 Sq feet
1 1 = 1.60 3025 = 4840 sq. yard
1 Hactare 1 = 1.60 .2529 = .4046 Hactare
=1.60 2529.26=4046.81
Ex. Size = 30 50 = 1500 sq feet

1500
= = 166.66
9
1500
= = 139.35
10.764

1 = 20 = 27225
27225
1 = = 1361.25
20
27225
1 = 151.25
9
136.25
1 = 126.46
10.74
Weight Measurment of steel:-
kg
Density of steel = 7850
m3
1 ton = 1000 kg
t
Density of steel = 7.85 (1000
m3
1 kg = 9.81 1 ON
1ON 78500 N N N
Density of steel = 7850 3 = 3 = 78500 3 = 78.50
M 1000 M M M3
V = density
Total weight of steel = V density
= L A density
Length =1
Weight of steel per unit length = Area density
( Wet. of steel per running mtr. )
kg
Wt. of per unit length = d 2 7850
4 M3
2
d kg
Wt. of per unit length = m 7850
4 1000 m3
d2 kg
Wt. of per unit length = 7850
4 106 m3
d2
= 4 10 6 =
7850
d2 kg kg
Wt. per unit length of steel = 0.00617 d2
162.19 m m
d = mm
Dia of Bar Wt. per unit Length

62
6 mm = .2222 kg/m
162.19

82
8 mm = .395 kg/m
162.19
102
10 mm = .617 kg/m
162.19
122
12 mm = .888 kg/m
162.19
162
16 mm = 1.58kg/m
162.19
202
20 mm = 2.469 kg/m
162.19
252
25 mm = 3.858 kg/m
162.19
282
28 mm = 4.83 kg/m
162.19
Steel In Bundle form :-
Total Wt. of steel =

Total length of steel wt. of steel per unit length in particular.
Total Wt. of steel =

NOS of Bundle NOS of Bar IN one bundle length of one bar wt. of
steel per unit length.
D ia of Bar No. of Bun dle No. of Bar in on e

bu ndle
8 mm 7 15 Nos
10 mm 5 12 Nos
12 mm 6 8 Nos
16 mm 10 5 Nos
20 mm 4 4 Nos
25 mm 9 3 Nos
Total Weight of steel

8 mm dia 7 15 12 = 1260@ 0.395 kg/m = 497.70 kg
10 mm dia = 5 12 12 =444.24 Kg
400 Column :- Height = 5 mt. 12 mm dia = 6 8 12 511.488 Kg

C1 Column 60 NOS
16 mm dia =10 5 12 948Kg
20 mm dia = 4 4 12 474Kg
25 mm dia = 9 3 12 1247Kg
Total = 4121 Kg
kg
60 6 5 @ 2.469
m
1800 @ 2.469 = 4444.20 kg
C2 Column 50
50 6 5 = 1500 @ 1.58 = 2370kg

C3 column 80 NOS
80 6 5 = 2400 @ 3.858 = 9259.2 Kg

C4 = 90 NOS
4 20
90 4 5 = 1800 M @ 2.469 = 4444.20 Kg

90 2 5 = 900 Mtr@ 3.858 = 3472.20 Kg
C5 Column 70
70 4 5 = 1400 M@ 2.469 = 3456.6 kg

70 2 5 =700 m @ 1.058 = 1106 kg
C6 Column 50 No

50 4 5 = 1000@ 1.58 = 1580 kg

50 2 5 = 500 @ 3.858 = 1929 kg
Total weight of steel = 32.04 tone
50 '
Main Bar (10 ) :- No. of BAR = = 100 NOS
.05
Length of one Bar = 30'
3000feet
Total length = 100 30 = = 914.63 mtr.
3.28
Total weight = 914.63 @ .617 kg/m = 564.32 kg.
Distribution Bar - (8 )
30 '
No. of Bar = = 45.04 feet 45 Bar
.66
Length of one Bar = 50'
2250 feet
Total length = 50' 45 = = 685.27
3.28
kg
Total weight = 685.27 m @ .395 = 270.96 kg
m
W= Main Bar total weight + Distribution Bar
W = 564.32 + 270.96 = 835.28 kg.
Ex.

90
Main Bar (12 ) No. of Bar = = 210 Nos
0.41
Length of Bar = 90'
19800
Total length = 90 219 = = 6036.58 mtr
3.28
kg
Total weight = 6036.58 @ .888 = 6797.
m
40 '
Distribution Bar 10 :- No. of Bar = = 48
.833
one Bar length = 40'
1920
Total length = 40 48 = = 585.36 mtr.
3.28
Total weight = 585.36 @ .617
Quantity of Items :-
No. of Brick require for 1m3 Brick Masonary = 500 NOS.
Extra stone Requird for 1m3 stone Masonary
Means :- For 1m3 stone Masonary = 1.25 cum stone requird
Cement =Dry of Volumn Prepartion of Cement IN Mix total Qty of work
Sum of Ratio (Mix Cement
Genral cement prepartion in mix 1 compare to other content
Dry of volume
Cement = Sum of Ratio total Qty. of work (total volumn of work)
Dry volume
For 1m3 work cement = Sum of Ratio
Sand = Qty. of cement IN Mix in m3 prepartion of

sand IN Mix
Aggregate = Qty. of cement IN mix in m3 prepartion
of Aggregate
M - 5 = 1: 5 : 10
M 7.5 = 1 : 4 : 8
M 10 = 1 : 3 : 6
M 15 = 1 : 2 : 4
1
M 20 = 1 : 1 :3
2
M 25 = 1 : 1 : 2
Total Volume = 45.83 30.50 50 = 698.90 cubic feet
698.90
Qty. IM3 = = 19.8 1m3
35.28
Dry volume for C.C work, R.C.C work, P.C.C.
Dry Volume = 1.52 - 1.55
1.55
Cement = 19.81 = 5.58 m3
5.5
30 beg = 1m3
No. of Beg = 30 5.58 = 167.48 Beg
Sand = 5.5 1.5 = 8.37 m3
In feet3 = 8.37 35.28 = 295.29 feet3
Aggregate = 5.58 3 = 16.47 m3
IN feet3 = 16.74 35.28 = 590.58 feet3
Brick Masonary :-
L= 4 + 4 + 3 + 3 = 14 m
Width = 200 mm
Height = 3.5 m
Volume = L B h
Brick Masonary (1:4)

= 14 .200 3.50 = 9.80 m3
No. of Brick = 9.80 m 3 500 m 3 = 4900 Brick
Dry volume of Brick Masonary
for 1m3 Brick Masonary = Dry volume is 0.30 m3
0.30 0.30
Cement = = 9.80 = .588 m3
1 4 5
No. of Beg = .588 30 = 17.64 Beg
Sand = 0.588 4 = 2.352 m3
In feet3 = 2.35 35.28 = 82.97 feet3

Q. Length = 40 + 40 + 25 + 25 =130
Volume = L B H
= 130 1' 10.6 = 1378 = 39.05 m3
No. of Brick = 19525
0.30
Cement = =0.042 39.05 = 16.40
7
0.30
No. of Beg = 38.69 = 1.65
7
No. of Beg = 1.65 30 = 49
Sand = 1.65 6 = 9.94 m3
IN feet3 = 9.94 35.28 = 349.27 feet
Plaster Work :-
12 mm thick plaster dry volume = 2 m3 ;k 1.96 m3
for 100 m2 Area
2
(for 1m Area = = 0.2 m3 0..96 m3 )
100
Volume = L h
= 54.40 4.20 = 228.40 m3
.02
Coment = 228.48 = .913 m3
5
No. of Beg = .913 4 = 3.65 m3
Sand = .913 4 = 3.65 m3
In feet3 = 3.65 35.28 = 128.24 feet3
If thickness 15 mm of plaster IN this case
.02 1
Case = 228.48 15 = 1.141 m3
5 12
No. of Beg = 1.41 30 = 34.23 Beg
3.65
Sand = 15 = 4.56 m3
12
In feet3 = 4.56 35.28 = 160.87 feet3
Volume = L h = 76.60 3.30 = 252.78

.02 1
Cement = 252.78 20 = 2.10 m3
4 12
Beg = 63.195
Sand = 2.10 3 6.3m 3
In feet 3=6.3=2.22.264 feet3
Course Rubble Masonary
Mortar = 1: 4
Dry volume = 0.40 m3
For 1 m3 stone masonary
Stone Calculation :-
2375
Volume = 380' 1.25 5' = feet3 = 67.31 m3
35.28
Extra stone Require = 2375 1.25 = 2968 feet
2968
No. of trolly = = 26.98 27 trolly
110
0.40
Cement = 67.31 = 5.38 kg
5
No.of Beg = 5.38 30 = 161
Sand = 4 5.38 =21.52
Volume of one trolly
= 9.66 5.66 2' = 109.35 feet3

CHAPTER 1
RATE ANSLYSIS
Steel
Density of steel = 7850 Kg/m3
1 ton= 1000 Kg
7850
Density of Steel = 7.85 ton/m3
1000
1 Kg= 9.81 N 10 N
78500
Density of Steel =7850 10=78500 N=
100
=78.50 KN/m3
Young Modulas of steel Es=200 GPa= 200 103 N / mm2
=200 KN/mm2
1 GPa= 103 N/mm2

Es= 200 104 Kg / cm2
d2 Kg Kg
Unit weight of steel = or 0.00617 d2
162.19 m m
Where d is the diameter of Bar in mm
Cement :
Grade of OPC
- 33 Grade - IS 269
- 43 Grade- IS 8112
- 53 Grade- IS 12269
Weight of 1 beg= 50 Kg
No. of Beg in 1 ton= 20 Beg
30 beg volume M3
30 Beg=1m3
1 Beg Volume =1/30=0.347m3
1m3 = 1000 liter
1 liter = 10-3 m3
1 Beg = .0347 1000 = 34.70 ltr.
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Density of opc = 1440 kg/m3
Nominal Mix :- Made by volume
N/mm2 kg/cm2

M 5 M 50 1 : 5 : 10
M 7.5 M 75 1 : 4 : 8
M 10 M 100 1 : 3 : 6
M 15 M 150 1 : 2 : 4
1
M 20 M 200 1:1 :3
2
M 25 M 250 1:1:2
Dry volume (1.52 - 1.55 )
Dry volume
Cement = Sum of Ratio 1.55
Grade No. of cement required Sand required for Agg. requireed

For cum cement per cum con per cum
1.55
M5 0.96 cum 0.96 5 0.480 cum 0.480 2 0.96 cum
16
No. of Beg= 0.96 30 2.90 Beg
1.55
M 7.5 0.119 cum .119 4 .476 cum 0.952 cum
13
No. of beg =3.65 Beg
1.55
M 10 0.155 cum 0.155 3 0.465 cum 0.93 cum
10
No.=4.65 Beg
1.55
M 15 0.221 cum 0.221 2 0.442 cum 0.884 cum
7
No. of Beg=6.64 Beg
1.55
M 20 0.281 cum 0.281 1½ 0.421cum 0.842 cum
6.5
No. of Beg =8.45 Beg
1.55
M 25 0.387 cum 0.387 1 0.387 cum 0.774 cum
4
No. of Beg=11.62 Beg
Note :- Concrete Nominal Mix constant Value M-5, M-10,M-20 28 Strength

Represent Concrete 28 Strength Characteristic Strength of conceute
OPC cement 33 grade 43 grade 53 grade constant value 28 strength

represent
Rate Analysis total cost of Item 10% contractor profit contractor
1
Rate Analyis water charges 1.5 1 % of the cast of Item
2
Rate Analysis solid Item Rate Analysis Measurment M3
10m3
Rate Analyis Item Measurement M2 Rate analysis
100m 2
In above fig find out the qty of P.C.C. per unit length
Qty. of P.C.C.:- L b h
=1 m 0.90m 0.75m
Qty=0.0675 cm
Qty. of B.F.S.= L b h
=1 0.90 0.10=0.090 cum
Dry volume
Cement Beg= P.C.C.
Sum ofthe ratio
1.55
= 0.067 0.23
13
Dry volume of different types of Item:
S.No. Item Description Dry Volume for Dry volume of

1 m3 wet mix 10 3 wet mix
1. P.C.C. work, C.C. & 1.52 to 1.55 15.2 15.5
all types of concrete
work excluding C.C.
floor
Dry volume of Brick masonary and stone measonary
S.No. Item De scription F or 1 m 3 For 10 m 3

masona ry w ork masona ry work
1. Fo r bri ck ma so nary 0.30 cu m 3.0 cm
2. S tone m asona ry
(i) Random Ru bble 0.42 cu m 4.2 cu m
m asona ry
(ii) Cou rsed Ru bble 0.40 cu m 4.0 cu m
m asona ry
(iii) A sh lor st one 0.25 cu m 2.5 cu m
m asona ry
S.No. Item Description For 1 m 2 Area For 100 m2 Area
1. 12 mm thick plaster 0.02 M3 or 2.0 M2 or 1.96
work (0.196) cum cum
2. Pointing work 0.006 M3 0.60M 3
3. 2.5 cm thick C.C. Floor 0.04125 M3 4.125 M3
5 cm thick C.C. Floor 0.0825 M 3 8.250 M3
7.5 cm thick C.C. Floor 0.12375 M3 12.375 M3
Qty of Cement Sand

Brick measonary dry volume
Dry volume
Cement =
Sum ofthe ratio
Mortar Ratio = For 1 m3 Mix
Cement Sand
0.30
1:6 0.42cm 30 Beg= 0.25cm
7
1.26Beg
0.30
1:5 0.050 30 Beg 0.25 cm
6
=1.50
0.30
1:4 0.60 30 Beg 0.24cm
5
=1.80
0.30
1:3 0.75 30 Beg 0.22 cm
4
=2.25
Dry volume=0.02 cm 2 cum
Quantity of Cement, Sand for 12 mm thick plaster:

Dry volume
Quantity of cement, sand = cement = 2
sum of ratio
Mortor Ratio For 100m2 plaster Are
Cement Sand
2
1: 6 0.285 cum Beg= 0.285 30 8.55 Beg 1.71 cum
7

1: 5 0.33 cum No of Beg = 9.90 1.65 cum
1:4 0.40 cum No. of Beg =12 1.60 cum
1:3 0.50 cum No. of Beg =15 1.50 cum
1:2 0.666 cum of No. of Beg =19.80 1.33 cum
Work done per day per mason for a particular item

S.No. Item Description Work done per day per
Meason
A Brick Item 1.50 cum
(i) Brick work in foundation
and plinth with mud
morter
(ii) Brick work in super 1.25m3
structure mud-morter
(iii) Brick work in foundation 1.25m3
and plinth (sub-structure)
with lime or cement morter
(iv) Brick work in super 1 m3
structure with lime morter
and cement
(v) Brick work in Arched 0.55 m 3
(vi) R.B. work (Rainforced brick 1 m3
work)
(vii) Brick work in partition wall 5.0 Sqm
(Half brick wall. 4½ wall)
B Stone Mesonary work

(i) Random Rubble St one 1.0 cum
Masonary
(ii) Course ruble sto ne 0.80 cum
Masonary
(iii) Ashlor stone measonary 0.40 cum
(iv) St one masonary in Arch 0.40 cum
C C.C.=Cement Concrete
work
(i) Lime concrete o r cement 8.5 cum
concrete (P.C.C.) in
foundation and floor
(ii) Lime concrete in ro of 6.0 cum
terracing
(iii) 1:2:4 C.C. work 5.0 cum
(iv) R.C .C. work 3.0 cum
(v) 2½ thick C.C. floo r 7.5 square meter
D Earth wor k E/W items
(i) Earth work in excavation 1.0 m 3
in rock
(ii) Earth work in excavation 2.0 m 3
in hard soil
(iii) Earth work in excavation 3.0 m 3
in ordinary soil
(iv) Earth work filling in plinth 4 m3
or foundation
E Miscellaneous Item
(i) 12m thick plaster work 8.0 Square meter
(ii) Pointing work 10.0 Square meter
(iii) White washing or colour 200 square meter
washing in single coat
(layer)
(iv) White washing or colure 100 to 105 square meter
washing in double coat
(v) White washing or colour 70 square meter
washing in three coat
(vi) Painting or distember for 35 square meter
larger surface area
(vii) Painting or distemper 25 m2
varnish in door, window
frame
For labour requirement for different type of work according : (NBO-

National Building organization)
S.No. Works Quantity of work Labour requirement

1. Earth work in 28.30 m3 (1000 cft) Beldar -5 Num
excavation in Mazdoor-4 Num
foundation for ordinary
soil
Note: Earth work calculation standard lead =30m standard
leaft=1.5m consider
2. Earth work filling in 28.30 m3 (1000 cft) Beldar-3 Nos
foundation and plinth Mazdoor-2 Num
Bhishti-½Nos
3. Cement Concrete works 2.83 m3 (100 cft) Beldar-2 Nos
Mazdoor-3 Nos
Bhishti-3/4 Nos
Mason-1/4 Nos
4. R.C.C. works 2.83 m3 (100 cft) Mazdoor=3 Nos
cubic feet Beldar=3 Nos
1
Bisti= 1 Nos
3
5. Centering or shuttering 9.6 m 2(100)sq. feet Carpenter =4 Nos
Beldar=4 Nos
6. Reinforcement or steel 1 quintal (100 Kg) Black smith = 1 Nos
work Beldar=1 Nos
7. Stone masonary work 2.83 m3 (100) cuf Beldar=3 No.
(Random rubble stone) Mazdoor=2 No.
Bisti=1/4 No.
Mason=3No
8. Brick work 2.83 m3 (100)cft Nill
Mazdoor =4.5 Nos
Bisti=½
Mason=2.25 Nos

Factor affecting the rate Analysis:
1. Quality of material
2. Mix proporation of morter contant.
3. Construction facilities available on site
4. Location of site
5. Transportation charges and transortation facilities.
6. Over head charges
7. Rate of labour or mason, materials
Note:
Cement concrete flooring per 100m2area finishing of surfce
extra cement quantity 0.20 m (6 beg) per 100m2 area.
3
100m2 area white washing single coat single layer (10Kg) lime

Chapter - 2
Valuation
Valuation : property Actual cost
processing valuatiion property valuatioin
(i) Buying & selling of property

(ii) Fixation of tax on property
(iii) Rent fixation on property
(iv) Security against loan
Gross Income:
property income total income gross income
Net Income : property total income outgoing

income net Income
Net Income = Gross Income- Out going
Outgoings : property structure maintain

(1) Taxes: property taxes
(i) Municiple Tax (ii) Wealth Tax (iii) Property Tax
2. Repair: property properly maintain annual repair
annual repair consider
(i) 1 1½ Month Rent
(ii) 10 15% of the gross income
(iii) 1 1.5% of the total cost of project
3. Management and collection charges:
property maintain sweeper, motarman,
liftman, guard category
Management 5% 10% of the gross income consider
4. Sinking Fund
5. Loss of Rent
Scrap Value : property structure life End of the life of
the structure property property dismental
Scrap value
Building structure scrap value total cost of construction 10%
Salvage Value : propoerty, structure life
dismental value salvage value
Market Value : property structure open market
value market value

Market value time to time change market value demand
Book Value : Book Value = orignal of cost of structure - Annual depreciation in

previous years
Note: property life book value scrap value
Reteable Value : property gross income annual repair or
maintainance deduct income rateable value
Note:
property tax rateable property fix taxes
rateable value percentage fix
Sinking Fund : property life annualy, half yearly, quarterly
found structure life
sinking fund
Si
Annual Installment of sinking fund (I)= i i n
1
S-Total sinking fund amount
i= Rate of interest
n=life of structure
Q. An old building has been purchase by A person at a cost of Rs 30000 exculding

the cost of land. Calculate the amount of annual sinking fund at 4%. Interest
rate an assuming the life of structure 20 years and the scrap value of build-
ing as 10% of the cost of purchase?
Si
Annual installment of shinking= i i n
1
Total cost =30000
4
i=4%= 0.04
100
10
Scrap Value = 30000 3000
100
Sinking fund =30000-3000=27000
27000 0.04
I= 1 0.04 20
906.70
1
Year Purchase: Year purchase is define as the capital sum required to be in-
vested in order to receive annuity of Rs. 1.00 at certain rate of interst.
invest amount year purchase

100
Year purchase =
Rate of int erest
Q. Find out the value of year purchase at the 6% rate of interest?

100
Y.P.= 16.66
6
Obsolescence :- property structure outdated
property market rate
property value obsolescence
Capital Cost : property structure construction cost+land cost
capital cost
Capitalized Value : The capitalized value of a property. is the amount of a money
whose annual interst at the highest prevailing rate of interest will be equal to
the net income from the property is called capitalzied value.
property capitalized value amount highest rate of
interest annual interest property net income
capitalized value
Capitalized Value= Year Purchase X net Annual Income
Q. Find out the value of capitalized value of a property at 8% prevailing rate of

interest. Whose net annual income is 2 lacs.
Sol.Capitlized value = Year purchase X net income
100
200000 2500000
8
Capitized = 25 Lakh
Deprecitation ( property structure rate of wear
& tear, obsolescence, decay time
depreciation
property methods
(i) Straight line method
(ii) Constant percentage method
(iii) Sinking fund method
(iv) Quantity survey method
(i) Straight Line Method: method property annual depreciation

same amount number of year
total depreciation calculate
C S
Annual Depreciation
n
Orignal cos t scrap value

Annual depreciation (D)=
life of structure
C=Orignal Cost
S= Scrap Value
n=Life of structure

2. Constant precentage method: method annual depreciation precentage
consider method declining balance
1/ n
S
Annual Depreciation (D) = 1
C
3. Sinking funds method ; method annual depreciation property
sinking fund amount interest
4. Quantity survey method: method highly

qualified highly Experienced surveyer method
annual depreciation
Free Hold Property: property owner
owner free hold property
Lease hold property : property owner
property lease yearly halfyearly
against payment lease hold property
Distress Value : property war zone earth quake zone
property owner financial
Value distress value
Monopoly Value : property advance features property
owner market rates value
monopoly value
Sentimental value : owner property attachment
owqner property market high rates
owner offered value sentimental value
Speculative value : owner property
profit property value
speculative value
Accomodation Value : agriculture land city, town, factories development
area
Accomodation Value
Determine the depreciation of building

Structure : Building structure depreciation average life 80
year consider building structure annual depreciation

S.No. Life of Annual Total Cumulative
Structure Depreciation Depreciation Depreciation
1. 0-5 Year Nill (Zero) 0 0
2. 5-10 Years ½% per year 2.5% 2.5%
3. 10-20 Years ¾% per year 7.5% 10%
4. 20-40 Years 1% per year 20% 30%
5. 40-80 years 1½% per year 60% 90%
Mortgage Lease : owner firm property against

mortgage loan firm
mortgagar Mortgagee
Method of Valuation: valuation

(i) Rental Method of valuatioin
(ii) Direct Compression with the captial value
(iii) Valuation based on profit
(iv) Valuation based on cost
(v) Development method of valuatiion
(vi) Depreciatiion method of valuation
Earnest Money : government departement tender invite

Fund (2% of the
total cost of project) contractor Earnest Money
tender contractor earnest
money contractor tender earnest money
refend
Security Money : contractor tender open contractor
security fund inculding (10% of the total cost of
project) earnest money security money
Security money refundable minimum refundable period 6
month Season
B.S.R,. (Basic schedule of rate) : government department
document items current rate B.S.R
F.A.R (Floor Area Ratio): It is the ratio of total constructed area at all floors to
plot area.
Total constructed area at all floors

F.A.R.=
Plot Area
Types of work ; Work are classified as different
Types :
(i) Petty work : cost of less than 50000
(ii) Minor work : Cost of work more than 50 thousand and less 2 lakh.

(iii) Major work : Cost of work more then 2 lakh.
(i) Petty work : petty work

(ii) Minor work: minor work
(iii) Major work : major work
Staff organisatioin of government department :

Chief Engineer (head of the deparment)
Head of deapartment cheif engineer
Chief Engineer (Head of the department)
(state level)
Additional Chief Engineer
(Zone level)
Superindent Engineer (SE)
(Circle level -District level)
Executive Engineer (Ex. En)

(Division Level)
Assistant Engineer (A.En)

Junior Engineer (J.En)
Contengencis estimate
head sub head fund generate
Contengencis charges total cost of project 5%
Work Charge Estabilishment : project start

temporary staff ( super Wiser)
work charge establishment
Work charge estabilishment total project cost amount fix
Prime cost - articles item shop

prime cost
Provisional Sum : Items estimate specification detail
items estimate fund provisional sum
Item provisional items

Chapter-3
Types of Estimate
Estimate: estimating
classified
(i) Preliminary estimate, (Approximate Estimate or Abstract Estimate)
(ii) Plinth Area Estimate
(iii) Cube Rate Estimate
(iv) Approximate Quantity method estimate
(v) Detailed Estimate
(vi) Supplymentry Estimate
(vii) Annual repair and maintance Estimate (A.R.& A.M Estimate)
(viii)Revised Estimate
(ix) Supplymentery & Revised Estimate.
1. Preliminary Estimate:
technical or financial estimate
Preliminary Estimate
2. Plinth Area Estimate:
estimate plinth area calculate plinth area
calculate external dimension dimension
Plinth area calculate open space or courtyard deduct

oepn spaces or courtyard plinth area consider
Net Plinth Area = [Area of plinth outer to outer dimension]-Open spaces
courtyard
Q.
Find out the plinth area or carpate area of a room. If center to center
dimension of a room is (14.70 m x 10.70 m). If thickness of wall is 30 cm.
Plinth area = 15 m x 11m = 165 m2
Carpet Area = 14.40 x 10.40 m= 149.76 mm
Q. Find out the plinth area and carpet area if the internal dimension of a room
are 7.20 x 9.20 m and thickness of wall is 40 cm.

Carpert area = 7.20 x 9.20 = 66.24 m2

Plinth area = 8 x 10=80 m2
Q. Find out the approximate cost of building with a carpet area of 150 m2 the
plinth area rate is Rs. 2600 per M2 take the carpet area to be 80% of the
plinth area.
sol. Carper area = 150 m2 =80% of the plinth area
Plinth area = 2600 /m2
80
Carpet Area = plinth area
100
80
150 plinth area
100
150 100
Plinth area = 187.50 m2
80
Total Cost =187.50 X 2600 = Rs 4,87,500/-
3. Cube rate Estimate :Cubical Estimate structure volume calculate
length external dimension height
floor top rod top
Note:Cubical estimate plinth area estimate compare accurate
Approximate quantity method: method running length calculate
cost of structure
5. Detailed Estimate : estimate Best reliable estimate
result estimate compare accurate
6. Supplimentry Estimate :Supplimentry estimate detailed estimate
During the progress of the work/ excavation work)
additional work estimate supplimentry estimate
7. Revised Estimate:Revised estiamte project condition
Original Sanctional Amount estimate 5%

When the original sanctional amount estimate is exceed more than 5%.
expenditures sanctional amount 10%
When the expenditure are exceed 10% of the sanction amounts.

3. orignal proposal material deviation
When the material deviation is required.
8. Supplimentry and revised estimate:
estimate design change 95%
condition estimate S & R estimate
9. Annual Repair or Maintainance Estimate: project annual repair or
maintainance estimate annual repair or maintainance
estimate
Carpet Area"
building structure liveable area useful area carpet area
Office Buildings carpet area total area 75%
Residential buildings carpet area total area 50 65%

Chapter-4
Methods of Measurement
Method of measurements:
Building structures quantity measurement
(i) Long well short wall method :(Indivisual wall method)
(ii) Center line method :
0.30 0.30
C/C length of long walls= 5.50 5.80 m
2 2
0.30 0.30
C/C length of short wall = 4.0 4.30 m
2 2
Length of long wall= 5.80 0.55 0.55 6.90 m
Length of short wall = 4.30 0.55 0.55 3.20 m
Length of long wall =C/C length + half width of foundation one side +half width
of foundation of other side
Length of short wall = C/C length -half width of one side-half width of other
side
Brick Masonary : Length of long wall = length in E/W-offset
Length of short wall =length in E/W + offset.

S.N. Item no. L B D/H Qty
Description
1. Earth work
in fou. long 2 6.90 1.10 1.20 18.21m 3
wall short 2 3.20 1.10 1.20 8.448 m3
wall Total Qty. 26.658m 3
2. PCC in
found. long 2 6.90 1.10 0.30 4.55 m 3
wall 2 3.20 1.10 0.30 2.114 m3
short wall Total 6.664 m3
3. Brick work
Long Wall
Ist step 2 6.60 0.80 0.25 2.64cum
IInd Step 2 6.50 0.70 0.20 1.82cum
IIIrd Step 2 6.40 0.60 0.30 2.304cum
IVth Step 2 6.30 0.50 0.45 2.835cum
Short wall
Ist step 2 3.50 0.80 0.25 1.4 cum
IInd step 2 3.60 0.70 0.20 1.008cum
IIIrd step 2 3.70 0.60 0.30 1.332cum
IVthe step 2 3.80 0.50 0.45 1.71 cum
Total Qty 15.049cum
Q. Determine the qty of earth work.
Total length = 2 8.30 2 5.0 26.60

Qty= L b h 26.60 0.90 0.60 14.364
Q. Find out the quantity of earth work by long wall short wall method or center
line method of a given figer.
Long wall = 7+1.20+1.20 =9.40 m

Short wall = 3.70
Total length = 2(9.40+3.70)= 26.2 m
Earth work qty= 26.2 1.20 0.70 22.008cum

Note : government departments estimate long wall short wall
method (individual wall method)
Unit measurement "
Earth work Unit
1. Earth work in excavation in M3
Hard & ordinary, Soils Rock
2. Earth filling in foundation & plinth M3
3. Earth work in Barrowpit and depth is not exceed 30 cm M2
4. Surface dressing and levelling M2
Miscelaneous Item
1. G.I sheet, A.C. Sheet M2
2. All types of floor work M2
3. Centering & shuttering M2
4. Plaster work, pointing work, white washing colours, Varnish, M2
Distemper
5. Jungle clearance M2
6. Glazing work M2
7. Electric Work Points
8. Cornice work Runing meter
Brick work
1. Brick work in foundation plinth, superstructure, with 9" M3
thickness or more
2. Brick work in Arch M3
3. Rainforement brick work (R.B.) work M3
4. Brick work in fire place (chimneys chulla) M3
5. Brick work in string coarse Runing meter
6. Honey comb brick work M2
7. Brick work in partition wall, half wall M2
8. Brick work in cornice, copping Runing meter
9. Brick use in edging/ scattring Runing meter
Steel work
1. Rolled steel joist (RSJ) (T-I, c, sections) Quintal
2. Steel rainforement bar Quintal
3. Binding wire Quintal
4. Bending, binding of steel, fabrication Quintal
5. Gusset plate, hold fast, nut washer, rivet bolt Quintal
6. Fabric rainforement wire netting Quintal
Iron Work
1. Iron gates M2

2. Rolling shutter M2
3. Steel door, steel window Iron gril, collapsable gate M2
4. Iron railing M
5. C.I Pipe (Cast iron pipe) Runing meter
6. Barbed wire fencing Runing meter
7. Iron work in roof truss Quintal
Stone work:
1. Random, rubble masonary
Course rubble and Ashlar rubble masonary M3
2. Stone use in lintel bar or beam M3
3. Stone use in slab roof, shelvs, stone chazza, stone sunshade M2
device
4. Stone use in wall fencing M2
Wood work:
1. Wood work in, door, window, frame, rafter, beam, roof truss M3
2. Door, window, batten panel M2
3. Timber boarding M2
4. Wood work in partition wall M2
5. Sawing of timbers M2
Concrete Work:
1. Lime concrete in foundation , PCC, CC, RCC prescast, concrete M3
RCC Chazza
2. Lime concrete in roof terrace M3
3. Concrete work in jali and jafri M2
4. 2.5 mm thick DPC M2
5. Cement concrete in floor M2
Measurement Book (M.B.):
S.N o . I t e m D e s c r i p t io n No. L B D/ H Q ty
Abstract Sheet
S.N. Item description Qty Unit Rate Amount

Note : project quantity of items measurement book
project total cost abstract sheet

Dimension, volume, area, measurement
1. Dimension (lenght or width or thickness) should be measured to the nearest
point, 0.01 meter or 1 cm.
2. Area should be measured to the nearest 0.01 m2 or 100 cm2
3. Volume should be measured 0.01 m3 or 10000 cm3 or 104 cm3
Deduction work in plaster and pointing
1. plaster pointing deduct area 0.5 m2 pointing
work deduction
2. plaster pointing work deduct Area 0.5 m2 3m2 one
side deduction
3. Plaster pointing work deduct area 3 m2 side deduction
4. Plaster work
deduction
Area Deduction
1. End of beam, end of rafter No. deduction
end of post, end of purlins
2. Deduction area less than 0.50 m2 No-deduction
3. Deduction area between 0.5m to 3m 2 2
One side deduction
4. Deduction Area above 3m2 Both side deduction
Deduction in masonary work :

1. No deduction if deducted area is less than 0.1 m2 or (1 square feet)
2. No deduction in case of end of beam, post, rafter, purlin.
3. No deduction in case of bed plate, wall plate, bearing plates.
Length of cranked (Bent up bars)
AB=DF CB=DE
Length of crank bar= Lh-AB-DF+BC+DE
AB=DF
BC=DE
Lenght of crank bar= LH-2AB+2BC
Lenght of Crank bar (Bent up bar)= LH+2BC-2AB
sin30º
Bent up crank at 30º AC=d
AC
sin30º=
BC
d
AC 2d
BC= =1
sin 30º 2
BC=2d
AC AC
tan 30º 3AC 3d 1.732d
AB 1
3
Length of crank Bar= LH+2BC-2AB
Length of Crank bar =LH+2x2d-2x1.732 d
Length of Crank bar=LH+2[2d-1.732d]
30º
Lenght of Crank Bar= LH 2 0.268d (Excess Length)
Where d=effective depth of member
45º
AC
sin45º=
BC
AC d
BC 1.414d
sin 45º 1
2
AC AC
tan 45º , AB
AB tan 45º
AC
AB= 1 AC=d
1
Length of crank bar =LH+2BC-2AB
Length of crank bar=LH+2x1.414d-2xd
Length of crank bar =LH+2(1.414d-d)
Length of crank bar = LH 2 0.414d (excess lenght)
Where d=effective depth of member
60º
AC
sin 60º
BC
AC d
BC 1.154d
sin 60º 3
2
AC
tan 60º
AB
AC AC d
AB 0.577d
tan 60º 3 1.732
Length of crank bar =LH+2BC-2AB
Length of crank bar =LH+2x1.54d-2x0.577d
Length of crank bar =LH+2[1.154d-0.577d]
Length of crank bar = LH+2x0.577d (excess length)
Note : Summary
Crank at 30= length of bent up bar = L 2 0.268d
Crank at 45º=Length of bent up bar = L 2 0.414d
Crank at 60º= Length of bent up bar = L 2 0.577d

Chapter -5
Earth work excavation in a road
Road earth work calculate method
(i) Mean depth method
(ii) Mean area method
(iii) Prismoidal method
Where=
B= width of formation
d= depth of filling /cutting
S1,S2=side slope in filling and cutting
Road filling generely side slope 2:1 (horizontal:Vertical cutting side
slope 1.5:1 (horizontal:Vertical
1
Area= B B 2sd d
2
2
Area= B Sd d
2
Area =Bd+Sd2
1
Area trapezoidal=
2

(i) Mean depth method :
Volume of earth work =Area lenght
d1 d2
dm=
2
Volume of E/w= Bdm Sdm2 L

Qty=(Bdm+Sdm2)x L
2. Mean Area Method:
Qty. or volume = Area mean Length
A1 A2
Mean Area=
2
A1 Bd1 Sd12
A2 = Bd 2 Sd22
A1 A2
Qty or volume = L
2
3. Prismodial Method:
L
Qty = A1 A2 4AM
6
A1 Bd1 Dd12
A2 Bd2 Sd12
Am Bdm Sdm 2
d1 d2
dm=
2
L
Qty= Bd1 Sd12 Bd 2 Sd22 4 Bdm Sd2m
6
2
L d1 d2 d1 d2
Qty= 6 Bd 1 Sd 12 Bd 2 Sd 22 4 B S
2 2
L 4S 2
Qty= Bd1 Sd12 Bd2 Sd22 2Bd1 2Bd2 d1 d22 2d1d2
6 4
L
Qty= 3Bd1 3Bd 2 2Sd12 2Sd22 2Sd1d 2
2
L L
Qty= Bd1 Bd2 Sd12 Sd 22 Sd1d2
6 3

d1 d2 S 2
Qty= B d1 d22 d1d 2 L
2 3
Note :
earth work calculate higher accuracy requirement prismoidal
formula formula accurate result
prismoidal method method compare labour
Q. Calculate the quntity of earth work for 200 m length for a partion of road in
uniform ground and the height of bank at the 2 ends being 1 m and 3 m,
formation width is 10 m and side slope 2:1
Sol.length =200 mtr
d1=1.00 mtr
d2=3.00 mtr
B=10 mtr
Side slope = S:1=2:1
d1 d2
1. Mean depth method dm=
2
1 3.0
Qty A L dm 2.0 m
2
A= Bdm Sdm2
Qty= 10 2 2 22 200
Qty= 28 200 5600m3

2. Mean Area method
A1 A2
Qty= L
2
A1 Bd1 Sd12
2
A1 10 1 2 1
A1=10+2=12m2
A2 Bd 2 Sd22
2
A2 10 3 2 3
A2 30 18 48 m 2
12 48
Qty= 200 6000 cum
12
3. Prismoidal Method

L
Qty= A1 A2 4Am A1 Bd1 Sd12 12m 2
6
Am= Bdm sd 2m 28 m 2 A2 Bd2 Sd22 48m 2
200
Qty= 12 48 4 28
6
Qty =5733.33cum
Side slope Area or Pitching Area or Gross Area
For Avg. qty of Side = dm 1 S2
Area of one side = L dm 1 S2
Area of two side = 2 L dm 1 s2

Quantity or Volume find out by trapezoidal formula. If a Series of crossection
ara given.
1. Trapezoidal Method
A0 A1 A1 A2 A2 A3 A3 A4 A4 A5 A5 A6 A6 A7 A7 AN
Total volume = D
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A0 An
Total Volume = D A1 A2 A3 A4 ......A n 1
2
D
Total Volume = A0 An 2A1 2A 2 2A 3 ......2A n 1
2
Note : crossestion area A0 A1
A1 An
Total Volume = D A2 A3 A4 ......A n 1
2

D
Total Volume : A1 An 2A 2 2A 3 2A 4 ......2A n 1
2
Q. If the crossection area of embankments are given at 30m interval are 20,40,50,
60, 30m2 than find out the total quantity or total volume at earth work.
A0 An
Sol. Volume = D A1 A2 A3 ......A n 1
2
Area = 20, 40, 60, 50, 30 m2
20 30
Volume = 30 40 60 50
2
Volume =5250m3
D
Or Volume = A0 An 2A1 2A 2 2A 3 ......2A n 1
2
30
20 30 2 40 2 60 2 50
2
=15 50 80 120 100
15 250 5250m3
2. Prismoidal Method - Ends Area:
simpson rule
Prismoidal formula :
D
Volume A1 A2 4Am
6
Use Prismoidal formula between A 0 A1A 2
2D
Volume = A0 A2 4A1
6
Using prismoidal formula between (A2,A3,A4)
2D
Use pPrismoidal formula volume = A2 A4 4A 3
6
Using pirsmodial formula between A 4 A5 A 6
2D
Volume = A4 A6 4A 5
6
Using prismodial formula between A6A7An-2 (A6+An-2+4A7)
Using prismodial An-2,An-1, An
2D
Volume = An 2 An 4A n 1
6

D
Total Volume = A0 A2 4A1 A2 A4 4A3 A4 A6 4A5 An 2 An 4An 1
3
D
TOTAL Volume = A0 An 2 A2 A4 A 6 ....A n 2 4 A1 A3 A 5 .....A n 1
3
D
Total Volume = [First area + last area+ 2 even station +4 odd station]
3
Summry:
If crossection A 0 A1A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A n 2 A n 1A n
D
Volume = A0 An 4 A1 A3 A5 A7 ......An 1 2 A2 A4 A6 .....An 2
3
D
Volume = [First area+last area+4 odd area+2 even]
3
If crossection A1A 2 A 3 A 4 A5 A 6 A 7 A n 2 A n 1A n
D
Volume = A1 An 4 A2 A4 A 6 .........A n 2 2 A3 A5 A 7 ......A n 1
2
Note:Earth work calculation standard lead 30 meter standard lift 1.5
Earth work in hill Road:
Where =
r= Transverse slope of ground or hill (cross slope)
b=half width of foundation
d=depth at the center of formation
s=side slope in filling
p=side slope in cutting

2
1 b rd
Area of filling ara (ABC)=
2 r s
2
1 b rd
Area of cutting (CDE) =
2 r
Q. Find out the earth work in A road by prismoidal formula and data are given
below:
20,40,60,50 30m2 20,40,60,50 30 m2
A0 A1 A2 A3 An A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Volume = Volume=
D A 0 A n 4 A1 A3 A5 A 7 ......A n 1 D A1 An 4 A2 A4 A 6......An 2
3 2 A 2 A 4 A 6 ......A n 2 2 2 A3 A5 A7 .....An 1
30 30
Volume = 20 30 4 40 50 2 60 30 Volume= 20 30 4 40 50 2 60
3 2
Volume =10 50 4 90 2 60 Volume= 5300m 2
Volume =10 50 360 120

Volume =5300m3
Note:
1. multistory ground floor compare frist floor rate
15% reduce ground campare 85% cost
2. Timber measurment nearst 2mm 2/10=0.2 cm 0.002 meter
3. Structural steel measuremnt nearst 0.001 or 1 mm
4. Steel rainforcement measurement nearst 0.005 meter or 0.5 mm
5. Electrical charge in building structure = 8% of the total cost of project
10% of the total cost of project
6. Water supply sqinatry charge [8% of total cost of project 10% of the
total cost of project]

Chapter - 6
Septic Tank
Capacity of tank
1. For Small users : 0.13 m3 or 130 liter or 5 feet3 per head
2. For large users : 0.07 m3 or 70 liter or 2.5 feet3per head
Minimum width of septic tank ;75 cm
Minimum depth of liquid in septic tank : 1 meter [3 feet 3" inch 3'3"]
Minimum height of free board should not less then = 30 cm
Septic tank floor in 20 slope
Septic tank 3 year cleaning
Septic tank wall septic tank equal devide

baffle wall minimum width 4 cm
Septic tank bottom
Liquid top level Baffle wall 15 cm
Septic tank design length width ratio 4
L
4.0
B
L 4B
S.W.P. (Solid waste pipe) inlet outlet minimum dia 100 mm
10 cm

SWP (solid waste piple) minimum length 300 mm 30 cm
Capacity of truck No. of Bricks

3 ton 1000 Bricks
5 ton 1500 Bricks
8 ton 2500 Bricks
10 ton 3000 Bricks
12 ton 4000 Bricks
16 ton 5000 Bricks
20 ton 6000 Bricks
d2
1. Unit wt. = Kg / m or 0.001617d2 Kg
162.19
2
0.00167 20 2.469 Kg


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Little Birds School, Sanjay Nagar, Front of Railway Station, Alwar

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1.333 2.75 3.666 = 13.38 cubic feet

1'4'' 2'9'' 3.8''

1 = 165' 165' = 27225 Sq feet

Ex. Size = 30 50 = 1500 sq feet

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Dia of Bar Wt. per unit Length

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Steel In Bundle form :-

Total Wt. of steel =

Total Wt. of steel =

D ia of Bar No. of Bun dle No. of Bar in on e

Total Weight of steel

400 Column :- Height = 5 mt. 12 mm dia = 6 8 12 511.488 Kg

50 6 5 = 1500 @ 1.58 = 2370kg

80 6 5 = 2400 @ 3.858 = 9259.2 Kg

90 4 5 = 1800 M @ 2.469 = 4444.20 Kg

70 4 5 = 1400 M@ 2.469 = 3456.6 kg

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50 4 5 = 1000@ 1.58 = 1580 kg

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Sand = Qty. of cement IN Mix in m3 prepartion of

Brick Masonary (1:4)

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Volume = L h = 76.60 3.30 = 252.78

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1 GPa= 103 N/mm2

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Grade No. of cement required Sand required for Agg. requireed

Note :- Concrete Nominal Mix constant Value M-5, M-10,M-20 28 Strength

OPC cement 33 grade 43 grade 53 grade constant value 28 strength

S.No. Item Description Dry Volume for Dry volume of

Dry volume of Brick masonary and stone measonary

S.No. Item De scription F or 1 m 3 For 10 m 3

Qty of Cement Sand

Dry volume=0.02 cm 2 cum

Quantity of Cement, Sand for 12 mm thick plaster:

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Work done per day per mason for a particular item

B Stone Mesonary work

For labour requirement for different type of work according : (NBO-

S.No. Works Quantity of work Labour requirement

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(i) Buying & selling of property

Net Income : property total income outgoing

Outgoings : property structure maintain

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Book Value : Book Value = orignal of cost of structure - Annual depreciation in

Q. An old building has been purchase by A person at a cost of Rs 30000 exculding

invest amount year purchase

Q. Find out the value of year purchase at the 6% rate of interest?

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Q. Find out the value of capitalized value of a property at 8% prevailing rate of

(i) Straight Line Method: method property annual depreciation

Orignal cos t scrap value

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4. Quantity survey method: method highly

Determine the depreciation of building

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Mortgage Lease : owner firm property against

Method of Valuation: valuation

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