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QUESTION BANK IN
MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
MODULE I
39) The traffic carried by for a 7 cell cellular system located in a busy metropolitan area is as follows.The
total no. of available channels is 395. (14)
MODULE II
61) Explain how Area to Area prediction curves can be obtained can be obtained? What role do
the 1 Km intercept and the path loss slope play in obtaining the Area to area prediction
curves? (6)
62) Explain why Propagation Path Loss is one of the major parameters of interest in analysis
of radio wave propagation for mobile communication? (6)
63) Explain what role the following factors play in while attempting to predict the propagation
path loss for a particular mobile radio environment?
(i) Radio Horizon, (2)
(ii) Sky Reflections (2)
(iii) Signal Averaging, (2)
(iv) Terminal in Motion, (2)
(v) Mobile Antenna Height, (2)
(vi) Effect of Surface Waves. (3)
64) Explain how propagation Loss is affected by (i) Smooth Terrain, (ii) Rough Terrain. (8)
65) Explain the use of two wave Model to explain Mobile Radio Path Loss and Antenna Height
Effects? Show that the power received is given by (8)
2
Pr = [h1 h2 / d ] ,
where h1 and h2 are the heights of the transmitting antenna and mobile antenna
respectively and ‘d’ is the distance between them.
66) Explain the general classifications of areas depending on the presence of buildings and
structures along the propagation path, along with terrain contours. (8)
67) How is the service areas classified , depending on the following two criteria : (i) Human
made structures along the propagation path , (ii) Natural terrain. (8)
68) Explain the free space propagation Model and derive an expression for the received power.
Make suitable assumptions as necessary. (8)
69) Derive an expression for the phase difference between direct path and the ground reflected
path. (5)
70) Derive an expression for the received power and the phase difference between between two
fixed stations over flat open land. Assume that the height of the transmitting and receiving
antenna are h1 and h2 respectively and are located at a height H1 and H2 above the ground
level. (8)
71) Derive an expression for the received power and the phase difference between between two
fixed stations over water . Assume that the height of the transmitting and receiving
antenna are h1 and h2 respectively and are located at a height H1 and H2 above the ground
level. (7)
72)What is the effect of foliage on Cellular signal transmission?
73)Explain what role does Duct propagation play in reception of the mobile signal over large
distances. What are its causes? (5)
74) With the help of suitable examples, explain the procedure for obtaining the effective height of
an antenna. Explain how path loss can be obtained from a point to pint prediction Model. (10)
75) What are the merits of the Point to Point Model? (4)
76) Derive an expression for the transfer function of a Propagation Model for Mobile to Mobile
Propagation? Obtain the statistical model for mobile to mobile channel. (8)
77) What are the different ways in which a signal can propagate over long distances? (5)
78) Explain what is the effect of diffraction loss in an obstructive environment on path loss? (6)
DEPARTMENT OF ELETRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK IN MOBILE COMUNICATION ENGINEERING BE ETC; SEM-VIII
(DKTE TEI ,ICHALKARANJI, KOLHAPUR) SUBMITTED BY:- K.S.KHANDELWAL
79) Explain the Lee Point to Point Model and mention the general formula for the following
Conditions : (i) Direct wave case,
(ii) Shadow Case,
(iii) Over the water condition.
Form the model for obstructive path, non-obstructive path and land to mobile over water. (8)
80) What is the effect of change of (i) cell site antenna height, (ii) Change in location of antenna
height, (iii) Change of effective antenna height with change of location of mobile unit, when the
mobile is driven up a positive slope (up to a high spot) or driven down a hill. (8)
81) Explain how “HOLES” in cell signal coverage area are tackled? (6)
82) Derive an expression for the following : (i) Spatial Time Co-relation function for Mobile to
Mobile Model, (ii) Power Spectrum of the complex envelope for Mobile to Mobile
Propagation . (7)
83) What are the factors to be considered in choosing location of cell site antenna ? (6)
84) What are the different types of cell site and mobile antennas? (8)
85) Explain what is meant by Diversity Reception? What are the different types? What are its
advantages in Cellular communication? (8)
86) What is the minimum separation needed for cell site receiving antenna and the explain the
necessity of the separation. (5)
87) Mention and explain the different Sum and Difference radiation Patterns for antennas used in
mobile communication. (8)
88) Why is the antenna pattern different in free space and in an mobile environment? (5)
89) Distinguish between horizontally and vertically oriented space diversity antennas? (4)
90) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the two ray ground reflection model in analysis
of path loss? (8)
91) In the following cases, indicate if the two ray ground reflection model can be applied or not
applied, with suitable justification.
(i) ht = 35 m, hr = 3 m, d = 250 m,
(ii) ht = 30 m, hr = 1.5 m, d = 450 m (4)
92) What insight does the two ray model provide about large scale path loss that was disregarded for
macro cells (very large cells) ? (3)
93) Explain “Antenna Pattern Ripple Effect” (8)
94) An improvement in signal gain can be obtained by raising the height of the base station antenna.
Assuming that the received radio signal is – 110 dB and height of the base station antenna is
30 m, calculate how much higher should the base station antenna be raised to obtain an increase
from –110 to 100 dBm in received power? (8)
95) Consider a mobile communication link where reception over a distance of 10 km is satisfactory with a
base station antenna height of 50 m and mobile antenna height of 2 m. If the base station antenna height
is lowered to 10 m, what will be the effect of reception in terms of distance? If the distance is the same
i.e 10 km, how high must the mobile antenna height be raised to ensure satisfactory reception? (8)
96) The antenna height at the cell site is 30 m and at the mobile unit is 3 m and the distance between them is
8 km. Calculate the phase difference between direct and reflected wave at the mobile terminal. (3)
97) In a mobile radio environment, the average cell site antenna height is 50 m, the mobile antenna height is
3 m, and the communication path length is 5 km. Calculate the following :
a. Incident angle,
b. The elevation angle at the antenna of the mobile unit,
c. The elevation angle at the location of the mobile unit. (6)
97) If a transmitter produces 50 W of power, express the transmit power in units of dBm and dBW.
If 50 W is applied to unity gain antenna with a 900 MHz carrier, find the received power in
dBm and dBW at a free space distance of 100 m and 10 km from the antenna. Assume unity gain
DEPARTMENT OF ELETRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK IN MOBILE COMUNICATION ENGINEERING BE ETC; SEM-VIII
(DKTE TEI ,ICHALKARANJI, KOLHAPUR) SUBMITTED BY:- K.S.KHANDELWAL
for the receiver antenna. (6)
98) A mobile is located 5 km away from from a base station and uses vertical λ /4 monopole antenna
with a gain of 2.55 dB to receive cellular radio signals. The E field at a distance of 1 km from the
transmitter is measured to be 10–3 W V/m. The carrier frequency used is 900 MHz. Calculate the
following :
(a) Length and effective aperture of the receiving antenna,
(b) received power at the mobile unit using the two ray Ground Reflection Model, assuming
that the height of the transmitting antenna is 50 m and receiving antenna is 1.5 m above the
ground. (8)
99) Let the distance between two fixed station be 30 Kms. The effective antenna height at one end
Is 150 m above sea level. Find the effective height above the seal level at the other end so that
the received power always meets the condition Pr < Po at 850 MHz. If Pr > Po is the condition
to be satisfied, find the effective antenna height. (8)
100) In a two ray ground reflected model, assume that θ must be kept below 6.261 radians for phase
cancellation reasons. Assuming a receiver height of 2 m, given a requirement that incident angle
should be less than 5°, what are the minimum allowed values for Transmitter Receiver transmit
separation distance and the height of the transmitter antenna if the carrier frequency is 900 MHz.
MODULE III
101) Explain what is meant by Diversity Reception? What are the different types? What are its
advantages in Cellular communication? (8)
102) What role does “SECTORIZATION” of a cell area have on the performance of a Cellular
system? Explain what is Sectorization? (4)
103) What are the causes of C0-channel Interference in Cellular Mobile communication? Why is
this effect the most pre-dominant in Cellular communication? What are the limitations caused
by this interference in cellular communications? (9)
Explain how Co-channel Interference can be measured at (i) Mobile Unit & (ii) Cell site. (10)
What is the effect of reduction of cell site antenna height on the antenna gain when the antenna is located in :
(i) High Hill or a high spot, (ii) In a valley, (iii) In a forested area.
Explain how Co-channel Interference can be reduced by means of notch in the Tilted antenna pattern.
(8)
What is the effect of down tilting the antenna on the coverage area? When is this resorted to? What are the
different methods of downtilting the antenna? (9)
Explain how the use of Sectorization helps in reducing the Co-channel Interference problem. (6)
104) Explain the difference types of Interference encountered in Cellular Communication. (10)
105) Explain how downtilting the antenna helps in reducing Cochannel Interference. (8)
106)What are the precautions to be taken while down tilting the antennas? (4)
107) Explain how Interference at the cell site can be reduced by the use of parasitic Elements, so as
to create a pattern in the desired direction.
108) What is the Umbrella pattern Effect? What are its benefits? (8)
109) Macroscopic Diversity techniques can be used successfully when two transmitting antennas are cited at
two different locations. What is the rationale for using microscopic diversity techniques for two
transmitting antennas located at the same site and separated between proper spacing between antenna
elements. (8)
110) Consider the case where a base station is simultaneously serving two mobile units. One mobile unit is
0.1 km away from the base station and the other is 15 km distant. Calculate the near end to far end
interference ratio. If the required Signal to Interference ratio is 15 dB, how much is the adjacent
channel frequency separation ? (5)
116) Explain the cause of the following :
Near End Far End Interference with suitable sketches in
i. One Cell,
ii. Two system cells.
117)What are the method/s used to avoid Near-End-far-End Interference? Derive an expression for the
minimum Frequency Band separation needed to overcome the above effect. (8)
118) Explain the following Interference encountered in Cellular Mobile Communication: (i)
Cochannel Interference, (ii) Adjacent Channel Interference, (iii) Intermodulation Interference, (iv)
Intersymbol Interference. (18)
119)Explain how the effects of Signal Coverage and Interference can be tackled by : (i) Decreasing Power,
(ii) Decreasing antenna Height, (iii) Beam Tilting, (iv) Proper Cell site location (12)
120) What is the interference contributed by Channel combiner? What is a frequency agile and a ring
channel combiner? (9)
121) What are the major functions of a SAT tone? (4)
122) What are the characteristics of a SAT tone? (3)
MODULE IV
167) How are Multiple Access Radio Protocols classified? (5)
168)What are the drawbacks of CSMA-CD in Wireless communication? (4)
169) Explain the following effects : (i) Hidden & Exposed terminals, (ii) Near & far Terminals (8)
170)Explain how the following methods are used in Wireless Communication :
(i) SDMA, (3)
(ii) FDMA (4)
(iii) TDMA, (4)
(iv) Fixed TDM. (3)
171) Explain what is ALOHA? Compare Classical & Slotted ALOHA. (8)
172) How does Slotted ALOHA improve throughput as compared with pure ALOHA? (6)
173) Explain CSMA. How is CSMA classified? (6)
174) Explain the Collision mechanism in CSMA. (4)
175) Distinguish between Persistent & Non-persistent CSMA. (6)
176) Explain the following types of CSMA Protocols: (7)
(ii) 1 persistent CSMA,
(iii) p persistent CSMA,
177) Explain CSMA/CA. (4)
178) What are the merits and demerits of contention based protocols? (6)
179) What are the merits and demerits of non contention based protocols? (6)
180) Explain the following methods :
(i) DAMA, (4)
(ii) PRMA, (4)
(iii) Reservation TDMA, (3)
(iv) MACA, (5)
(v) Polling, (4)
(vi) ISMA, (5)
(vii) SAMA. (5)
181) What are the advantages of CDMA over other methods? (6)
182) What is the main physical reason for the failure of many MAC schemes used successfully
in wired networks in wireless networks? (6)
183) Considering the problem of Hidden and exposed terminals, what happens in the case
of such terminals if ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, reservation ALOHA or MACA is used? (10)
184) How does the near far effect influence TDMA systems? What are the countermeasures in
TDMA systems? (7)
185) How does the near far effect influence CDMA systems? What are the countermeasures in
CDMA systems? (7)
186) What is the basic pre-requisite for applying FDMA? How does this factor increase
complexity compared to TDMA systems? (8)
187) What are the advantages of Fixed TDMA pattern as compared to random demand
driven TDMA? Compare the efficiency in the case of several connections with fixed data rates
or in the case of varying data rates. (7)
188) Explain Interference in space, time, frequency and code domain. What are the counter measures
in SDMA, TDMA, FDMA & CDMA systems respectively. (8)
189) What are the merits and demerits of Reservation schemes? (6)
190) What are the advantages of CDMA as compared to other Multiple Access strategies
in Cellular Communication? (4)
DEPARTMENT OF ELETRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK IN MOBILE COMUNICATION ENGINEERING BE ETC; SEM-VIII
(DKTE TEI ,ICHALKARANJI, KOLHAPUR) SUBMITTED BY:- K.S.KHANDELWAL
191) Compare TDMA, FDMA & CDMA. (8)
192) Ina ALOHA network, how does the terminal learn that its packet has collided? (4)
193) What is the difficulty of implementing CSMA/CD in a wireless environment? (4)
194) Explain CDMA. What are its limitations? (8)
195) Explain the difference between carrier sensing mechanism between wireless and wired
channels. (6)
196) What is the Capture Effect and how does it impact the performance of random access method? (6)
197) Mention the frequency band in which a GSM-900 & DCS-1800 system operates. (6)
198) Explain what is meant by GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). What are its
objectives? What are its subsystems? (10)
199) Explain the following GSM subsystem Entities : (
(i) Mobile Station showing the GSM Reference Model, Classification of MS based on power,
Types of MS’s and explain International Mobile Equipment identity (IMEI), Temporary
Mobile Subscriber identity (TMSI), International Mobile Subscriber identity (IMSI), SIM
(Subscriber Identity Module) (10)
(ii) Base Station Subsystem, (8)
(iii) Operation & Maintenance Subsystem (OMSS). (6)
200) Explain the following GSM Radio Interfaces : (12)
(i) Mobile Station (MS) to Base transceiver Interface (BTS),
(ii) BTS to BSC,
(iii) BSC to MSC,
(iv) Interfaces between other GSM Entities.
201) What are the different types of services offered by GSM ? (6)
202) Name some of the key features of GSM, DECT & TETRA systems. Which features do
the systems have in common? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system? (12)
203) Name the main elements of GSM system architecture and describe their functions. What are
the advantages of specifying not only the radio interface but also all internal interfaces of the
GSM system? (12)
204) Describe the functions of MS and SIM. Why does the GSM separate MS and SIM? How
and where is user related data represented/stored in the GSM system? How is the user
data protected from unauthorized access, especially at the air interface? (12)
205) How can the position of MS be localized? (6)
206) Explain the VLR/HLR database approach used in GSM. How does this approach limit
the scalability among users, especially moving users? (8)
207) What are the limitations of GSM cell in terms of diameter and capacity for traditional GSM?
How can the capacity be increased? (8)
208) What are the multiplexing schemes used in GSM? (6)
209) How is synchronization achieved in GSM? Who is responsible for Synchronization? Why is it
very important? (8)
210) How is localization, location update, roaming, etc done in GSM and reflected in the
databases? What are the typical roaming scenarios? (10)
211) Why are so many different identifiers/addresses needed in GSM? Distinguish between user
related and system related identifiers. (8)
212) Explain Traffic Channels (TCH) & Control Channels (CCH) in GSM. What are the
different types of CCH in GSM? (10)
213) Explain the following Control Channels in GSM : (i) BCCH, (ii) CCCH, (iii) DCCH. (9)
214) What are different protocols used in GSM? Explain the protocol architecture in GSM (12)
215) Explain how Handover takes place in GSM. What are the problems associated with Handover
in GSM? (9)
DEPARTMENT OF ELETRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK IN MOBILE COMUNICATION ENGINEERING BE ETC; SEM-VIII
(DKTE TEI ,ICHALKARANJI, KOLHAPUR) SUBMITTED BY:- K.S.KHANDELWAL
216) Explain the different types of Handover encountered in GSM. (10)
217) What are the functions of authentication and encryption used in GSM? How is system security
maintained? (10)
218) Explain the three algorithms used for providing security in GSM I.e A3, A5 & A8. (4)
219) How is subscriber authentication and data Encryption done in GSM? (8)
220) Explain what is DECT? What is the frequency of operation of DECT? (5)
221) Explain the DECT system architecture and reference model, with the help of a suitable
diagram. (8)
222) Explain the DECT protocol architecture. (10)
223) What is TERTA?
224) Who are the typical users of TETRA? Why is TETRA cheaper as compared to other systems. (5)
225) Distinguish between TETRA and other systems. (8)
226) What are typical data rated in DECT? How are they achieved considering the TDMA frames? (6)
227) What are the multiplexing schemes used in DECT. (6)
228) Compare the complexity of DECT with GSM. (8)