Basic Concepts

Exercise Question. 9
Justify the following statement:
a) 23 g of sodium and 238 g of uranium have equal number of atoms in them.
According to Avogadro’s principle;
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Number of atoms of an element =
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
×NA
Mass of sodium = 23g
Molar mass of sodium = 23g.mol-1
23𝑔
Number of atoms of Na = × 6.02 × 1023
23𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 −

= 6.02 × 1023
Mass of uranium = 238g
Molar mass of uranium = 238g𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
238𝑔
Number of atoms of U = × 6.02 × 1023
238𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 −

= 6.02 × 1023
So, proved that 23g of Na and 238g of U have equal number of atoms.

b) Mg atom is twice heavier than that of carbon atom.

We know that the molar masses of each element i.e.
1 mol of magnesium = 24g = 6.02 × 1023magnesium atoms

1 mol of carbon = 12g = 6.02 × 1023carbon atoms

By this information, we can calculate the mass of each magnesium and carbon
atoms by dividing molar masses with Avogadro’s number as follows.
6.02 × 1023 magnesium atoms has mass = 24g
24
1 magnesium atom has mass =
6.02×1023

= 3.9867 × 10−23
Similarly,
6.02 × 1023 Carbon atoms has mass = 12g
12
1carbon atom has mass =
6.02×1023

= 1.99335 × 10−23 g
By comparing both masses
Mg : C

3.9867 × 10−23 : 1.99335 × 10−23 g

Simplify them
3.9867×10−23 1.99335×10−23
:
1.99335×10−23 1.99335×10−23
2 : 1
Hence we can conclude that magnesium atom is twice heavier than that of a carbon atom.

c) 180 grams of glucose and 342 g of sucrose have same number of

molecules but different number of atoms in them.
According to Avogadro’s principle;
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Number of molecules of a substance =
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
×NA
Mass of glucose = 180g
Molar mass of glucose = 180 g. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
180𝑔
Number of molecules of glucose =
180𝑔.𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
×6.02 × 1023
= 6.02 × 1023
Mass of sucrose = 342 g
Molar mass of glucose = 342 g. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
342𝑔
Number of molecules of sucrose =
342𝑔.𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
×6.02 × 1023
= 6.02 × 1023
So, 180 g of glucose and 342 g of sucrose contain equal number of molecules.
i.e., 6.02 × 1023
 1 molecule of glucose (𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 ) contains = 6 + 12 + 6 = 24 atoms
Hence, 1 mole of glucose contain = 24× 6.02 × 1023

= 1.44× 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 atoms

1 molecule of sucrose (𝐶12 𝐻22 𝑂11 ) contains = 12 + 22 + 11 = 45 atoms
Hence, 1 mole of sucrose contain = 45 × 6.02 × 1023

= 2.709× 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 atoms

Therefore, both have different number of atoms.

d) 4.9 g of 𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒 when completely ionized in water have equal number of

positive and negative charges but the number of positive charged ions
is twice the number of negatively charged ions.
Mass of H2 SO4 = 4.9 g
Molar mass of H2 SO4 = 98 g. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
4.9 g
No.of molecules of H2 SO4 =
98 g.𝑚𝑜𝑙−1

=3.01× 1022

H2 SO4 ionizes in water as follows:

H2 SO4 ⇌ 2𝐻 + + 𝑆𝑂42−
Total positive ions:
1 molecule of H2 SO4 gives positive ions = 2
3.01× 1022 of H2 SO4 gives positive ions = 2×3.01× 1022
= 6.02× 1022 ions
Total negative ions
1 molecule of H2 SO4 gives negative ions = 1
3.01× 1022 of H2 SO4 gives negative ions = 1×3.01× 1022
= 3.01× 1022 ions
So, number of positive ions is twice than the number of negative ions.
 Total positive charge:
Total positive charge
Total negative charge:
Total negative charge
= No. of positive ions × charge on +ve ion
= 6.02× 1022 × +1
= +6.02× 1022 units
= No. of negative ions × charge on −ve ion
= 3.01× 1022 × −2

= −6.02× 1022 units

So, the number of positive and negative charges is same.

e) One mg of 𝑲𝟐 𝑪𝒓𝑶𝟒 ha thrice the number of ions than the number of formula
units when ionized in water.(L. 2010)
Mass of K 2 CrO4 = 1mg = 10−23
Molar mass of K 2 CrO4 = 194g/mole
10−3 𝑔
No. of formula units = × 6.02 × 1023
194𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
= 3.10 × 1018 formula unit
K 2 CrO4 ionizes in water as

K 2 CrO4 ⇌ 2𝐾 + + 𝐶𝑟𝑂42−
1 molecule of K 2 CrO4 gives total number of ions = 3
3.10 × 1018 formula units of K 2 CrO4 gives total number of ions = 3 × 3.10 × 1018
= 9.30 × 1018
So, 1mg or 3.10 × 1018 formula units of K 2 CrO4 contain thrice (9.30 × 1018 ) the
number of ions.