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GID-PIP-TS-630-(E)
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

THERMAL INSULATION

A 23-May-18 FOR IMPLEMENTATION LBN ASB JCI

REV DATE DESCRIPTION BY CHK. APPR.
GID-PIP-TS-630-(E)-A F-ING-002 (I) Rev. 0 15/10/10
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Index

1. OBJECT ................................................................................................................ 3
2. DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................... 3
3. CODES, REGULATION AND STANDARDS .................................................................. 3
4. SITE CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 5
5. DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................... 6
6. THERMAL INSULATION – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................. 6
7. HOT INSULATION ................................................................................................. 10
7.1. Engineering Design ........................................................................................ 10
7.2. Hot Insulation Materials .................................................................................. 10
7.3. Piping, Valves and Fittings ............................................................................. 12
7.4. Insulated Vessels ........................................................................................... 13
7.5. Personnel Protection ...................................................................................... 15
7.6. Heat Tracing ................................................................................................... 15
8. COLD INSULATION ............................................................................................... 15
8.1. General Design Requirements ....................................................................... 15
8.2. Cold Insulation Materials ................................................................................ 16
8.3. Piping ............................................................................................................. 19
8.4. Fittings, Flanges, Flanged Valves and Instruments ........................................ 20
8.5. Insulated Vessels ........................................................................................... 21
8.6. Anti-sweat ...................................................................................................... 23
9. INSULATION SYSTEMS.......................................................................................... 24
10. INSPECTION AND TESTING .................................................................................... 30
11. SUMMARY OF CHANGES....................................................................................... 31
ANNEX I - THERMAL INSULATION THICKNESS ............................................................... 32
TABLE 1 - MINERAL WOOL FIBER INSULATION FOR HC ................................................ 32
TABLE 2 - MINERAL WOOL FIBER INSULATION FOR PP ................................................. 33
TABLE 3 – EXPANDED PERLITE INSULATION FOR HC.................................................... 34
TABLE 4 – EXPANDED PERLITE INSULATION FOR PP .................................................... 35
TABLE 5 – CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION FOR HC ...................................................... 36
TABLE 6 – CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION FOR PP ...................................................... 37
TABLE 7 - POLYURETHANE INSULATION CC ................................................................. 38
TABLE 8 - POLYISOCIANURATE INSULATION CC ........................................................... 39
TABLE 9 - CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION CC .............................................................. 40
TABLE 10 - CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION CC ............................................................ 41

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1. OBJECT
This general specification defines the minimum requirements for the surface
preparation, installation, and materials for thermal insulation of on-shore (Industrial
and Coastal) piping, vessels, tanks, structures and equipment.
Acoustic insulation and fire protection insulation systems are out of the scope of this
technical specification.

2. DEFINITIONS

Purchaser: TECNA

Client: According to project

Supplier: supplier of Thermal Insulation components/materials

Contractor: Thermal Insulation - Assembly

3. CODES, REGULATION AND STANDARDS

Thermal Insulation shall meet or exceed the requirements of the latest edition of the
following codes, regulations and standards. In cases where more than one code,
regulation or standard may apply to the same condition, the most stringent shall be
followed. In the event of conflict between this specification and other specification,
Purchaser shall be consulted and a written approval shall be obtained before
proceeding with work.

• Tecna Specifications
GID-PIP-TS-600-(E) Paint Specification

• American Society for Testing Materials

ASTM C 240 Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass
Insulation Block

ASTM C 449 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-

Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement

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ASTM C 450 Standard Practice for Fabrication of Thermal Insulating

Fitting Covers for NPS Piping, and Vessel Lagging

ASTM C 547 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation

ASTM C 552 Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal

Insulation

ASTM C 585 Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of

Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and
Tubing (NPS System)

ASTM C 591 Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid

Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 592 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket

Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-
Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)

ASTM C 610 Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite

Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 612 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and

Board Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 795 Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in

Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

ASTM E 84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning

Characteristics of Building Materials

ASTM E 96 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission

of Materials

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4. SITE CONDITIONS
This Technical Specification shall be used at the (Completar por ejemplo: … Gas
Treatment Plant “Lindero Atravesado Occidental”) located in (…Neuquen province,
in the Republic of Argentina).
The Environment conditions for this location are specified below. These
environment conditions shall be taken into account for the selection of the adequate
thermal Insulation System according to the atmospheric-corrosity category.

• Design Minimum/Maximum Ambient Temperature: (-xx/xx ºC).

• Relative Humidity: xxx%.

• Ambient Dew Point Temperature:

• Rain …. XXXXX

• Atmospheric-Corrosivity Category (according to ISO 12944-2):

(Seleccionar el que corresponda al proyecto por ubicación – eliminar los demás
en coincidencia con ET PINTURA)
- C1 – Very Low (Not applicable for Oil and Gas Plants)
- C2 – Low (Not applicable for Oil and Gas Plants)
- C3 – Medium (Urban and Industrial atmospheres, moderate sulfur,
dioxide pollution, coastal areas with low salinity)
- C4 – High (Industrial areas and coastal areas with moderate salinity)
- C5I– Very High (Industrial areas with high humidity and aggressive
atmosphere)
- C5M – Very High (Coastal and off shore areas with high salinity)

• Climate conditions
It`s assumed that:
- C3 - corresponds for climate with LOW HUMIDITY
- C4 - corresponds for climate with MODERATE HUMIDITY
- C5I - corresponds for climate with HIGH HUMIDITY (ex, tropical
rainforest environment)
- C5M - corresponds for climate with HIGH HUMIDITY AND HIGH
SALINITY (severely corrosive coastal marine environment and frequent
sand storms)

The actual climate data used for selection of thermal insulation material and
thickness depends upon the design criteria of the project and the location of the
items to be insulated.

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5. DEFINITIONS

HC – Heat Conservation: Insulation is applied to prevent the scape of thermal

energy from process equipment and piping.

PP – Personnel Protection: Insulation is used to prevent contact between hot

operating surfaces and personnel working near the equipment. Max allowable
insulation surface temperature: 140 ºF (60ºC).

PS - Process Stability: Insulation is used to maintain the process temperature at

a desired level. Could be considered as Heat conservation (HC) or Cold
conservation (CC)

ET – Electric Tracing: tracing and associated insulation is used for control of

process temperature.

CC – Cold Service: insulation is primarily intended to limit heat gain by the

Process.

PF - Prevention from Freezing: Insulation is used to prevent water or process

fluid piping from freezing without using supplemental heat input (either electric or
steam). For practical purposes, shall assigned CC.

CP – External Condensation and Icing Prevention: insulation is used only to

prevent condensation/icing from occurring on the surface of piping and equipment
that is operating at or below the ambient dew point. For practical purposes, shall
assigned CC.

6. THERMAL INSULATION – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

All equipment, vessels and piping shall have been cleaned, tested and inspected as
required by the relevant specifications prior to the installation of insulation.

Insulation support rings, pins, clips, studs and accessories shall be of materials
compatible to the components to which they are attached, and if welded, shall be
installed by the equipment manufacturer at the shop prior to hydrotest and post-
weld heat treatment. No field welding shall be allowed on pressure vessels and
equipment except on pads installed by the manufacturer specifically for this
purpose.
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All coating of surfaces to be insulated shall be completed prior to the start of the
application of insulation.

All lines and equipment shall be tested and made tight before insulation is applied.

Surfaces to be insulated shall be brushed clean before applying insulation, using

wire brush where necessary. Damaged coatings shall be repaired after cleaning. All
loose material, dirt and grease shall be removed from the surface and the surface
shall be dry before covering.

All insulation shall fit the surface of the pipe and equipment snugly and shall be
fabricated or molded, so as to leave not more than 1/8-inch void between the
surface to be insulated and insulation itself. All insulation joints shall be close fitting.

Insulation expansion/contraction joints shall be provided based on the system

operating conditions and manufacturer’s recommendations for pipe size and design
temperature.

All metal protrusions through insulation shall be flashed and caulked with a suitable
sealant in accordance with applicable insulation details to prevent entrance of
moisture.

Insulation shall be protected against the weather during storage and all stages of
application prior to the installation of aluminum jacketing.

Insulation shall be applied in such a manner that shrinkage cracks in insulation and
jacketing are held to under 1/8-inch.

Minimum clearance between the outside surface of the insulation (including jacket)
and adjacent surfaces shall be 2 inches.

Preformed insulation joints shall be in staggered arrangement. Multiple layer

insulation shall be in staggered arrangement at both the longitudinal and
circumferential joints. Each layer shall be secured.

Vessels and tanks shall be insulated with block, blanket or foam insulation.

All material 3 inches thick and under will be applied in one layer, unless noted
otherwise.
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When dual layers employing different insulation materials are used for combined
thermal and noise control, the noise insulation shall be installed as the outer layer.

Unless otherwise specified in the equipment data sheet or drawings, insulation shall
not be installed on pumps, air-cooled equipment, compressors, vapor traps,
nameplates, expansion joints, rotating joints and other applications where the
intended use would be compromised.

Insulation systems for equipment and piping shall permit access to parts requiring
maintenance, without dismantling of the adjacent insulation system. In areas where
maintenance will require frequent removal of insulation, the system shall be
designed to allow easy removal and reuse and withstand normal mechanical abuse
during frequent removal and reinstallation operations. Removable blanket insulation
may be used in such areas, subject to the Client/Purchaser’s approval.

Fibrous type insulation shall not be used on tanks, equipment, or piping systems
which handle oil with a gravity equal to or higher than 0.9042 at 60°F (15.5°C)
where spillage or leakage onto the insulation is probable, for example manways,
nozzles, or sample points.

Insulation for piping and equipment subject to stress corrosion cracking, such as
austenitic stainless steels, shall meet the requirements of ASTM C 795. Other
materials such as mastics, adhesives, or sealants shall be certified as chloride free
and qualified for use on austenitic stainless steel.

For hot service, the normal operating (fluid) temperature shall be used to establish
insulation thickness requirements for equipment. For piping, the fluid operating
temperature shall be determined from the upstream equipment to which the piping
is connected.

Anticipated startup and shutdown conditions, including steamout, process upsets,

regeneration, etc., need not be considered in establishing insulation requirements,
except for plastic insulation (e.g., polyurethane, polyisocyanurate).

For cold service, limitation of condensation shall be based on zero wind velocity,
and humidity at the location. If not otherwise specified, the insulation thickness
shall be sufficient to limit condensation on the outer surface of the insulation to 10
percent of the annual hours.

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All insulation mastics vapor barriers, sealants, and other insulation system
materials shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

INSULATION MATERIALS – GENERAL

The type and thickness of insulation required to meet the temperature and service
conditions shall be in accordance with the attached Tables. The materials and
thicknesses specified in these tables are intended to indicate the minimum
acceptable. The SUPPLIER shall furnish the materials specified with commercial
dimensions in closest accordance with the specified thickness. Substitute materials
may not be used without prior written approval of the Client/Purchaser.

All non-metallic materials shall have a flame spread index not greater than 25 when
tested per ASTM E84.

Insulation blocks under pipe supports shall be as indicated in the standard supports
drawings.

The materials used, methods of application, and the quality of WORK shall, at all
times, be subject to the inspection and approval of the Client/Purchaser.

Insulation materials shall be 100% asbestos-free.

Materials shall be new and shall be used before the expiration date.

Sealant, mastics, and adhesives shall be supplied in factory-sealed containers.

Multilayer expanded perlite pipe insulation shall be ordered factory-nested.

Low chloride materials in accordance with ASTM C795 shall be used for insulation
of austenitic steel or materials subject to stress corrosion. Insulating cement shall
not be used for stainless steel piping/equipment.

Vapor barrier shall have a water vapor transmission rating less than 1.6 metric
perms per ASTM E96 when tested at 73°F. If elastomeric coatings are used as a
vapor barrier, they shall be fabric reinforced. A metal jacket shall not qualify as a
vapor barrier except where allowed by this specification.

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Where aluminum jacketing with an integral vapor barrier is used, the SUPPLIER
shall ensure that 100% of the aluminum jacketing has the vapor barrier applied. No
flaws, cracks, or bare spots shall be permitted.

Insulation installation details shown in standards PIP INIH1000 and PIP INIC1000
shall be used as a guideline. SUPPLIER shall submit his own standard insulation
installation details to Client/Purchaser for approval.

7. HOT INSULATION

7.1. ENGINEERING DESIGN

The temperature used to determine the need for insulation and the insulation
thickness shall be the normal operating fluid temperature.

Insulation design temperature for heat conservation shall be the normal operating
temperature, but the insulation itself is to withstand the maximum (or minimum)
operating temperature.

The thickness of hot insulation and personnel protection shall be determined by

using the Tables of Annex I.

The SUPPLIER shall ensure that the minimum hot service insulation thickness shall
be sufficient to prevent insulation jacket surface temperature from exceeding 140°F
(60°C) in areas where personnel protection is required.

7.2. HOT INSULATION MATERIALS

Wicking or fibrous type insulation shall not be used beyond pipe-to-flange welded
joints on piping and equipment handling heat transfer fluids, or hot hydrocarbon
liquids above their autoignition temperature.
Where insulation is required on flanged joints in piping and equipment handling
heat transfer fluids or hot hydrocarbon liquids, expanded perlite or cellular glass
shall be used for this insulation. Use of wicking or fibrous type insulation materials
for these applications is prohibited.

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Mineral Wool preformed pipe sections shall conform to ASTM C547 Type I (500°F
maximum).
Mineral Wool blanket shall conform to ASTM C592 Type II (500°F maximum).

Cellular Glass insulation block and fabricated sections shall conform to ASTM C552
– Grade 1, Types I, II or III (752°F maximum).

Insulation cement shall be mineral fiber type per ASTM C449.

Metal jackets shall comply with the following specifications; thickness shall not be
less than indicated below:

Table A – Materials for hot service insulation jackets

Material Metal Specification Minimum Thickness
Aluminum Type 3003-H14 (flat or corrugated) ASTM B209 0.016 in

Aluminum Type 3003-H14 (stucco embossed) ASTM B209 0.032 in

Stainless Type 316 ASTM A167 0.010 in

Note 1: Stainless steel shall be used in lieu of aluminum on pipe within 25 feet of fired heaters.
Application method shall be the same as with aluminum, except that stainless steel screws will be
used.
Note 2: Jackets for insulation systems that require fireproofing shall be stainless steel.

Weatherproofing mastic shall be breather type, asbestos free, vinyl acrylic or

polyvinyl acetate with a flame spread of less than 20 for thermal applications, with
the ability to withstand a constant operating temperature of at least 180°F.

Bands for securing jacketing shall be ASTM A167, Type 316 stainless steel with a
0.015 inch minimum thickness and shall be 3/8 inch wide for structures under 24
inches O.D., and 1/2 inch wide for structures over 24 inches O.D. Seals shall be
stainless steel to match banding material.

Screws for securing weatherproof jacketing shall be Number 8 by 1/2 inch self-
tapping sheet metal screws. Screw material should match jacketing material.

Wire for securing insulation shall be ASTM A167, Type 316 stainless steel, 14 or 16
BWG. Reinforced tape is an acceptable substitution.

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Reinforcement wire netting (poultry wire) shall be 22 gauge minimum Monel or

galvanized steel 1 inch hexagonal pattern wire.

Sealer/flashing mastic shall be non-shrinking permanently, flexible, less than one

perm water vapor per 1/16 inch thickness.

Expansion springs shall be twin sinusoidal type, stainless steel to match banding
material, and 30 lb/in spring constant. A suitable backing plate shall be provided to
protect the insulation underneath.

Welded studs, where specified, shall be ASTM A167, Type 316.

7.3. PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS

Pipe insulation shall be applied in sections, in the thicknesses as specified in the
Insulation Thickness tables of Annex I of this specification. Sections shall be placed
on the pipe with end joints staggered and butted tightly together and shall be held in
place with four loops of 16-gauge wire, per three-foot section. The twisted ends of
the wire shall be bent over and forced into the insulation. All cracks and broken
edges shall be filled with insulating cement and smoothly pointed up.

Pipe insulation over 3 inches in thickness shall be applied in two layers to equal the
total thickness specified. The second layer shall be applied with all joints staggered
with relation to the first layer and shall be held in place and pointed up as outlined
above.

Insulation piping shall be weatherproofed with aluminum jacketing. Jacketing shall

be machine rolled to fit the outside diameter of the insulation and shall be fastened
in place with sheet metal screws on 6-inch centers. Circumferential and end seams
shall lap a minimum of 2-inches. Circumferential seams on hot piping shall be free
to slide. Fittings shall be insulated the same as the adjacent piping. Fitting
insulation shall be pre-molded or fabricated from the pipe insulation neatly mitered
to fit and held in place with wire. Weatherproofing shall be the same aluminum
jacketing used on pipe or preformed covers of the same material. (Fittings shall
include ellbows, tees, reducers, stub-ins and screwed valves.)

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Flanges, flanged valves and fittings shall not be insulated for heat conservation,
unless otherwise indicated on the drawings and/or insulation flow sheets. Where
insulation is not required, insulation shall be stopped short a sufficient distance to
permit removal of bolts without damage to the insulation (minimum distance 1.5
times bolt length). The insulation and aluminum jacket shall be beveled at a 45°
angle to the surface of the pipe, by using a formed ring fabricated from same
thickness aluminum jacket used on adjacent piping. Where insulation is required,
the insulation shall be sectional pipe cover applied after the adjacent line has been
insulated. Insulation over and near flanges, flanged valves and flanged fittings shall
be of non-wicking material.

Where valves are insulated for heat conservation or personnel protection, insulation
shall be removable and reusable. Packing glands shall be left exposed.

Flanges, flanged valves and flanged fittings in hot service piping in locations
accessible to personnel shall be covered for personnel protection. Sheet-metal
shrouds, without insulation, shall be installed over flanges, and shall be removable
for maintenance and inspection.

Spectacle blinds shall be left visible and not totally enclosed by the insulation
boxes.

7.4. INSULATED VESSELS

Vessel insulation shall be applied in blocks in the thicknesses as specified in the
equipment data Sheets. Blocks shall be applied with end joints staggered and
edges butted tightly together. Blocks shall be held in place with .020 x 3/4 inch
bands spaced 9 inches between centers. Insulating cement shall be forced into
voids and cracks and smoothly pointed up.

Expansion joints shall be provided in the insulation approximately every 18 ft

centers or at insulation rings provided with the vessel. A 2 inch space shall be left
between the top of the insulating block and the insulating ring. This space shall be
packed with loose rock wool before aluminum jacketing is applied.

Flanges and nozzles shall not be insulated. Insulation shall be tightly butted up on
all nozzles and other projections on the vessel. A fillet of sealant shall be applied
around the projection and on top of the aluminum jacketing, to seal against the
entrance of moisture. Flanges, nozzles and other vessel projections which operate
at a temperature above 140°F and are accessible to personnel, shall be covered
with sheet-metal shrouds for personnel protection.
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Removable and reusable insulated covers shall be provided for manways and
designed so that their removal shall not disturb the surrounding permanently fixed
insulation.

The heads of vessels shall be insulated with block insulation. The blocks will be
either curved, flat, or flat blocks, cut into segmented, beveled, lags, to fit the head
contours.

Removable insulation plugs shall be provided to allow on-stream ultrasonic

inspection when required by Client/Purchaser. Plugs shall be vapor tight, UV
resistant and be such that they can be opened and re-closed without disturbing the
adjacent insulation.

Vessel shell insulation shall be weatherproofed with aluminum jacketing.

Corrugated jacketing is preferred for vertical vessels, flat jacketing is preferred for
horizontal vessels. Stucco embossed aluminum sheets, may be used for either with
the Client’s approval.

If flat jacketing is used over insulated vertical vessels and towers, it shall have a
minimum thickness of 0.032 inch, and be designed and installed in a way that will
prevent buckling of the metal sheet.

Corrugated jacketing shall be lapped two corrugations at side seams and at least 3
inches at end seams. Flat aluminum jacketing shall be lapped at least 3 inches at
all seams. Jacketing shall be held in place with aluminum sheet metal screws on
approximately 6-inch centers.

Vessel head insulation shall be weatherproofed with prefabricated flat aluminum

jacketing and shall be installed so as to be watertight.

At expansion joints on vertical vessels, the top sheet of the jacketing shall overlap
the underneath jacket by at least 6-inches. The two jackets shall be secured with a
3/4 x .020-inch band and be free to slide, so that the shell expansion will not cause
buckling of the aluminum jacket.

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7.5. PERSONNEL PROTECTION

Insulation shall be provided on all piping and equipment operating at a temperature
above 140°F (60°C) and located where an operator, in the normal course of his
work, might be burned from accidental or deliberate contact with its surface. Such
insulation shall be indicated on the detail design drawings and shall be stopped 7
feet above grade or operating platform, and 3 feet horizontally from platform limit or
handrail. Protection insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Annex I of this
specification.

Personnel protection insulation shall be applied and finished as outlined for hot
insulation.

Where insulation is stopped, the aluminum jacket shall be beveled at a 45° angle to
the pipe surface by using a formed ring, fabricated from same thickness aluminum
jacket used on adjacent piping. All seams shall be caulked with a sealant to prevent
entrance of moisture.

Flanges, valves and fittings where personnel protection insulation is required shall
be covered with removable personnel protection.

7.6. HEAT TRACING

Heat traced piping, valves and fittings shall be insulated for heat conservation.

Thickness shall be the same as specified in Annex I. Sectional molded pipe

insulation shall be used on all pipe and fittings and shall be applied in sizes
sufficiently larger than the pipe, to fully cover tracers and allow full heat circulation
around the entire pipe and fitting surface.

At the insulation joints, insulating cement should be applied at two or more points in
the space between pipe and insulation, to hold the insulation in place. The cement
shall not be applied in a manner that will prevent heat circulation.

8. COLD INSULATION

8.1. GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Cold service insulation shall be installed as required to limit surface condensation or
icing and conserve refrigeration. Insulation shall be specified for all piping and
equipment with normal operating temperatures from -195°C (-319°F) to a
temperature where equipment is operating below the atmospheric dew point.
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The temperature used to determine the need for insulation and the insulation
thickness shall be the normal operating fluid temperature.

The required insulation thickness shall be according to the attached tables of Annex
I.
A commercially available thickness shall be specified. The specified thickness shall
always be equal to or greater than the actual thickness required.

8.2. COLD INSULATION MATERIALS

Insulating materials, insulating covering, mastics, sealers, and accessories shall be
asbestos free. Cellular glass, polyisocyanurate or polyurethane shall be used
according to the corresponding schedules (see Annex I).

Cellular glass insulation shall be in preformed pipe or block insulation per ASTM
C552 (-450°F to +800° F).

Polyisocyanurate insulation shall be in preformed pipe or block insulation per ASTM

C591.

Expanded polyurethane for thermal insulation, either injected (foam-in-place) or in

preformed blocks, shall satisfy or exceed the physical requirements of Table B
below.

Table B – Physical properties of expanded polyurethane for thermal insulation

Properties Condition Unit Value Test Method
3
Specific gravity lb/ft 3.0/3.7 5.6/7.5 25/31 ASTM D1622
2
Maximum thermal first 24 h BTU-in/hr-ft -°F 0.14 0.17 0.40 ASTM C518 or
conductivity @ 24 ºC 2 ASTM C177
after 30 days BTU-in/hr-ft -°F 0.155 0.185 0.41
Water absorption maximum oz/ft2 68.9 59.0 20.0 ASTM D2842
Water vapor maximum oz/ft2-day 0.14 0.12 0.10 ASTM D1653
permeability
Quantity of closed cells minimum % 92 95 95 ASTM D2856
Maximum linear 7 days/ 70 ºC % 3 3 3 ASTM D2126
variation
Compressive strength minimum psi 36 100 300 ASTM D1621
Tensile strength minimum psi 43.5 116 350 ASTM D1623
Flexural strength minimum psi 43.5 116 350 ASTM D790
Flame spread index less than -- 25 25 25 ASTM E 84

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Polyurethane foam for foam-in-place application shall be subject to a

supplementary specification by the insulation CONTRACTOR, submitted to the
Client’s Engineer for approval. Installers shall have previous commercial experience
in the Oil & Gas sector, and shall supply references to Client/Purchaser prior to
being granted authorization to work.

Medium-density expanded polyurethane (3.0 – 3.7 lb/ft3 to 5.6 – 7.5 lb/ft3) shall be
used for piping and equipment insulation. Structural high density expanded
polyurethane (more than 25 lb/ft3) shall be used for support pads in insulated pipe
and equipment supports for cold service.

Expanded polyurethane insulation shall have a flame spread index less than 25 per
ASTM E82.

The expanding agent for expanded polyurethane shall be free of CFCs

(chlorofluorocarbons).

Metal jackets shall comply with the following specifications; thickness shall not be
less than indicated below:

Table C – Materials for cold service insulation jackets

Material Metal Specification Minimum Thickness

Aluminum Type 3003-H14 (flat or corrugated) ASTM B209 0.016 in

Aluminum Type 3003-H14 (stucco embossed) ASTM B209 0.032 in

Stainless Type 316 ASTM A167

0.010 in

Note: Jackets for insulation systems that require fireproofing shall be stainless steel.

Insulation jackets for cold service insulation shall be provided with integral vapor
barrier except on insulated pipe where injected (foam-in-place) expanded
polyurethane is used as insulation material. In this case, it is accepted that the
polyurethane surface in contact with the jacket will be vapor-tight.

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Insulation jacket for injected expanded polyurethane shall be 0.032 inch thick
aluminum. The polyurethane foam shall be injected into the metal jacket itself,
which shall serve as a mold. After injection, excess foam shall be removed and all
the holes, rivets, screws and longitudinal and circumferential seams shall be sealed
with 2 inch wide, 2.5 mils thick adhesive aluminum tape.

Bands for securing jacketing shall be ASTM A167, Type 316 stainless steel with a
0.015 inch minimum thickness and shall be 3/8 inch wide for structures under 24
inches O.D., and ½ inch wide for structures over 24 inches O.D. Seals shall be
stainless steel to match banding material.

Screws for securing weatherproof jacketing shall be No. 8 by 1/2 inch self-tapping
sheet metal screws. Screw material shall be compatible with jacketing material.

Wire for securing insulation shall be ASTM A167, Type 316 stainless steel, 14 or 16
BWG.

Reinforcement wire netting (poultry wire) shall be 22 gauge minimum monel or

galvanized steel 1 inch hexagonal pattern wire.

Asphaltic (mastic) or elastomeric (such as butyl rubber) materials shall comply with
the following:
• Flame spread classification of not more than 25 per ASTM E84.
• Resistant to solar radiation.
• Flexible to the lowest temperature to which they are exposed.
• Elastomeric coatings shall have a water vapor permeability of not more
than 0.03 perm inch per ASTM E96 procedure E for dry film thickness
used.
• Elastomeric coatings shall be fabric reinforced.

Fabric for fabric reinforced elastomeric coatings shall be PC #9 or an equivalent

material that has good elongation properties.

Polyvinyl acetate mastics may be used to smooth up cellular glass for the
application of vapor barrier.

Adhesives and joint sealers shall be compatible with the insulation and remain
flexible throughout the temperature range of the application. Joint sealers shall
contain butyl rubber.

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Multiple lay staggered construction, shall be used for cold service cellular glass
insulation. No layer shall be greater than 2 inches in thickness.

For operating temperatures below -200°F, multiple layers shall use urethane foam
insulation for all inner layers and cellular glass insulation shall be used on the final
outer layer. The minimum thickness for the final cellular glass outer layer shall be 1
inch. Urethane foam insulation shall be pre-formed pipe or block insulation.

For expanded polyurethane insulation thickness greater than 4 inches, the

insulation shall be applied in multiple layers; in this case each layer shall not be
thicker than 3 inches.

8.3. PIPING
All low temperature piping shall be insulated with cellular glass / or expanded
polyurethane, depending on process/service or local conditions requirements, in
accordance with Insulation Thickness Tables of Annex I of this specification.

Cellular glass insulation shall be applied with end joints staggered, all edges
buttered with a trowel grade of joint sealant and butted tightly together. The
insulation shall be held in place with 1/2 x .020 inch bands, machine tightened, and
fastened while under tension. Two bands in each 18-inch section of pipe covering
shall be used. If two layers or more are required, they shall be applied, sealed, and
fastened as specified above. Chipped places in any layer shall be filled with sealant
and pieces of Cellular Glass before the next layer is applied. Each succeeding layer
shall be offset, so that joints do not coincide. Vapor barrier shall be applied during
the same day as the insulation.

If injected-in-place expanded polyurethane is used as insulation material for pipes,

vapor barrier is not required to be installed beneath the aluminum jacket.

Weatherproofing shall be .016-inch flat aluminum jacketing rolled to fit the outside
diameter of the covering. Side and end seams shall overlap lap a minimum of 2”.

The aluminum jacket shall be held in place with 0.5” x 0.020” bands, machine
tightened, and fastened while under tension. Bands shall be spaced on 9-inch
centers.

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8.4. FITTINGS, FLANGES, FLANGED VALVES AND INSTRUMENTS

Fittings shall be insulated at the same time and in the same manner as specified for
pipe. Fitting insulation shall be the same material and in the same thickness as
specified for the adjacent piping.

Cellular glass fitting insulation shall be made in two or more sections to snugly fit
the piece for which they are intended and shall extend beyond the weld far enough
to allow for a band at each end of the insulation. The pipe insulation shall be butted
tightly against the fitting insulation. (Fittings shall include ells, tees, reducers, and
screwed fittings, except unions.)

Flanges, flanged valves, flanged fittings, screwed unions and instrument

connections shall be insulated, but not until insulation on both sides is finished.
Insulation for flanged fittings shall be made in sections to fit the piece for which they
are intended and shall be sealed over the pipe insulation on either side. Pipe
insulation shall be stopped far enough away from the flange (minimum 1.5 times the
stud bolt length) to allow removal of bolts without damage to the insulation.

If expanded polyurethane insulation is used, insulation on valves, instrument

connections and in general on all flanged connections where inspection or
maintenance is required shall be removable and reusable or otherwise be installed
so as to allow dismantling and re-assembly without damage to the insulation,
unless otherwise approved by the CLIENT/PURCHASER. Special insulation
blankets suitable for cold service may be acceptable for this application, subject to
CLIENT/PURCHASER’s approval.

Insulation of pipe spools near suction strainers of refrigeration compressors, which

need to be dismantled for maintenance, shall be removable and reusable. Special
insulation blankets suitable for cold service may be acceptable for this application,
subject to CLIENT/PURCHASER’s approval.

The insulation for flanges and flanged valves shall be placed over them, sealed by
caulking, and fastened with 1/2-inch bands. At least two bands shall be used on
flange or valve insulation and the number shall be increased as the size increases.

Protruding parts, such as valve stems and instrument connections or tubing shall be
carefully sealed.

Vapor barrier shall be applied beneath the aluminum jacket on the insulation of all
valves and around any instrument connections that protrude the insulation.

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Valve packing glands shall be left exposed to allow inspection.

Fittings, flanges, flanged valves, and flanged fittings, shall be weatherproofed with
preformed or field fabricated aluminum jacketing held in place with 1/2 x 0.020-inch
bands.

Irregular shapes, both piping and equipment, shall receive a finish of 1/8 inch wet
coat of vapor barrier mastic, a layer of glass cloth pressed into first coat, and a
second 1/8 inch wet coat of vapor barrier mastic trowelled to a smooth finish and
sealed under the adjoining aluminum jacketing.

Instrument connections (pressure, temperature, flow instruments) in cold service

piping and equipment shall be insulated up to and including the root valve.

Level instruments (level switches, level gauges) in cold service equipment shall be
completely insulated in order to prevent vaporization within the instrument.
Particular emphasis must be placed on insulating any level control columns
attached to vessels that are insulated.

8.5. INSULATED VESSELS

Vessels, both vertical and horizontal, shall be insulated with Cellular Glass blocks
curved to fit the vessel, or straight blocks, cut and mitered, to closely fit the vessel.

These blocks shall fit snugly together at heads, inside and outside skirts, and
cradles. All cold vessels shall be insulated completely, including bottom heads,
inside skirts, flanges, manways, and cradles. Supports of any kind, which protrude
through the insulation, shall be insulated beyond the vessel insulation surface for a
distance equal to four times the insulation thickness.

Cellular Glass blocks shall be applied by buttering all edges with joint sealant. Ends
of blocks shall be staggered. The blocks shall be fastened in place with 3/4” x
0.020” bands on approximately 9-inch centers. Bands shall be machine stretched
and fastened while under tension. Chipped and broken places in the Cellular Glass
blocks shall be pointed up. Succeeding layers, if required, shall be laid as specified
above, with joints offset from the previous layer. Each layer of insulation shall be
thoroughly sealed at all nozzles, manways, and other protuberances.

Removable and reusable insulated covers shall be provided for manways and
designed so that their removal shall not disturb the surrounding permanently fixed
insulation.
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Removable insulation plugs shall be provided to allow on-stream ultrasonic

inspection when required by CLIENT/PURCHASER. Plugs shall be vapor tight, UV
resistant and be such that they can be opened and re-closed without disturbing the
adjacent insulation.

The heads of vessels shall be insulated with block insulation. The blocks will be
either curved, flat, or flat blocks cut into segmented, beveled, lags, to fit the head
contours. Flat blocks shall extend beyond body of the vessel for a distance equal to
the insulation thickness so that discs for the head can be inserted inside shell
insulation.

Contraction joints shall be provided in the insulation on approximately 18-feet, 1-

inch centers or at insulation rings provided with the vessel. A 1-inch space shall be
left between the top of the insulating block and the insulating ring. This space shall
be packed with loose rock wool or polyurethane foam and sealed with two 1/8-inch
thick coats of vapor barrier, reinforced with a layer of glass cloth.

Insulation on bottom heads of vertical vessels shall be cut and mitered to fit the
shape of the head. It shall be held in place with stainless steel wire laced through
nuts welded to the inside diameter of the skirt. Insulation on the inside of vessel
skirt shall be secured with adhesive cement and thoroughly sealed against the
bottom head insulation.

Insulation on saddles of horizontal vessels shall be carried to and sealed against

Micarta laminate or high density polyurethane insulators under the saddles.

Insulation of legs supporting vertical vessels shall extend a distance equal to four
times the insulation thickness.

Vapor barrier shall be provided under the jacket on the insulation of all vessels.

Horizontal vessels shall be jacketed with 0.16-inch flat aluminum jacketing, lapped
at least 3-inches at all seams and fastened in place with 3/4 x .020-inch bands on
12-inch centers. Bands shall be spring tightened to allow for vessel contraction.

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Corrugated jacketing shall not be used on cold insulated vessels. On vertical

vessels, 0.032 inch thick stucco embossed jacketing shall be applied, overlapped 3
inches on sides ends. Jackets shall be fastened in place with 3/4 x .020-inch bands
on 12-inch centers. At contraction joints in vertical vessels, the top jacket shall
overlap the underneath jacket by at least 6 inches. The two jackets shall not be
fastened together, but secured with a 3/4 x .020-inch band and be free to slide, so
that the shell expansion will not cause buckling of the aluminum jacket.

Aluminum jacketing for vessel heads shall be prefabricated from flat aluminum
sheet and shall be installed so as to be weathertight.

8.6. ANTI-SWEAT
Cold insulation shall be used for anti-sweat purposes whenever the pipe & vessel,
or heat exchanger operates continuously below the air dew point.

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9. INSULATION SYSTEMS
Mandatory rules for Insulation System Selection and thickness

HOT SERVICE COLD SERVICE

INSULATION INSULATION

Thermal Thermal
Insulation for Insulation for
Heat Cold
Conservation Conservation
(HC) Thermal (CC) Thermal
ATMOSPHERE- Insulation for Insulation for
OPERATION
CORROSION Personnel Cryogenic
TEMPERATURE Thermal
CATEGORY Protection Service
(PP) Insulation for (PF)
Thermal
External
Insulation
Condensation
with tracing
and Icing
(ET)
Prevention
(CP)
C1
C2
C3 (Low HR ) CGVA9
200°C (less 0
ºC) C4 (Med HR ) CGVA9
< t < (-100°C) C5I (High HR) CGVA9
C5M (High
HR/High CGVS9
salinity/windy)
C1
C2
C3 (Low HR ) PUVA7 / PIVA8 PUVA7 / PIVA8
-100°C (less 0
ºC) C4 (Med HR ) PUVA7 / PIVA8 PUVA7 / PIVA8
< t < (-4°C) C5I (High HR) PUVA7 / PIVA8 CGVA10
C5M (High
HR/High PUVS7 / PIVS8 CGVS10
salinity/windy)
C1
C2
C3 MFA1 MFA2
60ºC < t < 260ºC
C4 MFA1 MFA2
C5I EPA3 EPA4
C5M EPS3 EPS4
C1
C2
C3 (Low HR ) CGA5 CGA6
260ºC < t <
400ºC C4 (Med HR ) CGA5 CGA6
C5I (High HR) CGA5 CGA6
C5M (High
CGS5 CGS6
HR/High salinity)

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• ABBREVIATIONS:

Materials:
CG: Cellular Glass
PU: Polyurethane
PI: Polyisocyanurate
MF: Mineral Fiber
EP: Expanded Perlite

Other:
V: Vapor Barrier

Number:
Refers to number of thicknesses Table of Annex I

Examples of Insulation Systems:

MFA1: Mineral Fiber + Aluminum jacketing - Insulation Thickness according to
TABLE 1
CGVA9: Cellular glass + Vapor Barrier + Aluminum jacketing - Insulation
Thickness according to TABLE 9
PIVS8: Polyisocyanurate + Vapor Barrier + Stailess Steel jacketing - Insulation
Thickness according to TABLE 8

• EXTENT OF SYSTEMS

MFA1/MFA2:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Mineral wool preformed pipe sections shall conform to ASTM C547,
Type I. Premolded ells and other prefabricated fitting covers are
permitted. Mineral wool pipe insulation fabricated with fibers oriented
perpendicular to pipe surface is not permitted.
- Mineral wool blanket shall conform to ASTM C592, Type II. Facings
shall be supplied as indicated.
d) Metal Jacketing: Aluminium according Table A.
e) Other Components
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EPA3/EPA4:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Expanded perlite preformed pipe sections, curved segments and flat
block shall conform to ASTM C610. Beveled lags shall be used in the
size range where curved segments are not commercially available.
Premolded elbow fitting covers are permitted.
d) Metal Jacketing: Aluminium according Table A.
e) Other Components

EPS3/EPS4:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Expanded perlite preformed pipe sections, curved segments and flat
block shall conform to ASTM C610. Beveled lags shall be used in the
size range where curved segments are not commercially available.
Premolded elbow fitting covers are permitted.
d) Metal Jacketing: Stainless Steel according Table A.
e) Other Components

CGA5/CGA6:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Cellular glass block and fabricated sections shall conform to ASTM
C552, Grade 1, Types 1, 2, and 3, including annexes, and be
fabricated to the dimensions of ASTM C450. Gypsum cement shall
be used for fabrication.
d) Metal Jacketing: Aluminum according Table A.
e) Other Components

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CGS5/CGS6:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Cellular glass block and fabricated sections shall conform to ASTM
C552, Grade 1, Types 1, 2, and 3, including annexes, and be
fabricated to the dimensions of ASTM C450. Gypsum cement shall
be used for fabrication.
d) Metal Jacketing: Stainless Steel according Table A.
e) Other Components

CGVA9/CGVA10:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Cellular glass block and fabricated sections shall conform to ASTM
C552, Grade 1, Types 1, 2, and 3, including annexes, and be
fabricated to the dimensions of ASTM C450.
d) Vapor Barrier:
- Vapor barrier membrane or
- Vapor barrier mastic
e) Metal Jacketing: Aluminum according Table C.
f) Other Components

CGVS9/CGVS10:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Cellular glass block and fabricated sections shall conform to ASTM
C552, Grade 1, Types 1, 2, and 3, including annexes, and be
fabricated to the dimensions of ASTM C450.
d) Vapor Barrier:
- Vapor barrier membrane or
- Vapor barrier mastic
e) Metal Jacketing: Stainless Steel according Table C.
f) Other Components

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PUVA7:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Expanded polyurethane for thermal insulation, either injected (foam-
in-place) or in preformed blocks, shall satisfy or exceed the physical
requirements of Table B.
d) Vapor Barrier:
- Vapor barrier membrane or
- Vapor barrier mastic
e) Metal Jacketing: Aluminum according Table C.
f) Other Components

PUVS7:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Expanded polyurethane for thermal insulation, either injected (foam-
in-place) or in preformed blocks, shall satisfy or exceed the physical
requirements of Table B.
d) Vapor Barrier:
- Vapor barrier membrane or
- Vapor barrier mastic
e) Metal Jacketing: Stainless Steel according Table C.
f) Other Components

PIVA8:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Rigid preformed cellular polyisocyanurate shall conform to ASTM
C591 and shall be fabricated to the dimensions of ASTM C450 and
ASTM C585.
d) Vapor Barrier:
- Vapor barrier membrane or
- Vapor barrier mastic
e) Metal Jacketing: Aluminum according Table C.

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f) Other Components

PIVS8:
a) Surface Preparation: according to Paint Specification
b) Paint Scheme: according to Paint Specification
c) Insulation Material:
- Rigid preformed cellular polyisocyanurate shall conform to ASTM
C591 and shall be fabricated to the dimensions of ASTM C450 and
ASTM C585.
d) Vapor Barrier:
- Vapor barrier membrane or
- Vapor barrier mastic
e) Metal Jacketing: Stainless Steel according Table C.
f) Other Components

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10. INSPECTION AND TESTING

Shop inspection and testing of materials shall be performed by the SUPPLIER in
accordance with the applicable standards.

Site inspection of materials and workmanship shall be performed to the

CLIENT/PURCHASER’s satisfaction. SUPPLIER shall submit an inspection
program, including typical details and acceptance criteria, to be approved by
CLIENT/PURCHASER. SUPPLIER shall perform inspection of his own work
according to the approved inspection program.

The SUPPLIER shall maintain accurate and organized records during the course of
construction and provide as-built data, drawings and documentation as required by
the CONTRACT and this Specification. The records shall be made available for
CLIENT/PURCHASER’S inspection at any time.

All WORK shall be subject to inspection by the CLIENT/PURCHASER at any time.

The SUPPLIER shall immediately make any items available for inspection at the
request of the CLIENT/PURCHASER. The inspection by CLIENT/PURCHASER, or
lack thereof, does not relieve the SUPPLIER from the responsibility of performing
the WORK in accordance with this specification.

The SUPPLIER shall make available scaffolding and/or rigging and assist the
CLIENT/PURCHASER in making any tests or inspections, when such assistance is
necessary or required by the CLIENT/PURCHASER.

The CLIENT/PURCHASER reserves the right to stop the WORK at any time when it
is determined by the CLIENT/PURCHASER that the WORK is not in accordance
with this specification, applicable standards and good manufacturing practices.

The CLIENT/PURCHASER reserves the right to reject any material or work found
defective or non-compliant with this specification, applicable standards and good
manufacturing practices. SUPPLIER shall make any repairs at his own cost.

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11. SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Revision Changes

A First issue

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ANNEX I - THERMAL INSULATION THICKNESS

Required insulation thickness shall be determined according to pipe diameter,
operating temperature and information supplied in P&IDs.

TABLE 1 - MINERAL WOOL FIBER INSULATION FOR HC

Thermal Insulation for Heat Conservation and with tracing

• Operating Temperature:
- 60°C > t > 260°C
- 140°F > t > 500°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C > 60 61 to 93 94 to 212 122 to 148 149 to 176 177 to 204 205 to 232 233 to 260
°F > 140 141 to 200 201 to 250 251 to 300 301 to 350 351 to 400 401 to 450 451 to 500
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3/4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
12 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2
14 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
16 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
18 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
20 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
24 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
30 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
36 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
FLAT 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5

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TABLE 2 - MINERAL WOOL FIBER INSULATION FOR PP

• Operating Temperature:
- 60°C > t > 260°C
- 140°F > t > 500°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C > 60 61 to 93 94 to 212 122 to 148 149 to 176 177 to 204 205 to 232 233 to 260
°F > 140 141 to 200 201 to 250 251 to 300 301 to 350 351 to 400 401 to 450 451 to 500
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3/4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
12 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5
14 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5
16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
18 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
20 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
24 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
30 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2.5
36 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5
FLAT 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5

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TABLE 3 – EXPANDED PERLITE INSULATION FOR HC

• Operating Temperature:
- 60°C > t > 260°C
- 140°F > t > 500°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C > 60 61 to 93 94 to 212 122 to 148 149 to 176 177 to 204 205 to 232 233 to 260
°F > 140 141 to 200 201 to 250 251 to 300 301 to 350 351 to 400 401 to 450 451 to 500
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3/4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5
10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5
12 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
14 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
16 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5
18 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2.5 2.5
20 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5
24 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5
30 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5
36 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5
FLAT 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5

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INSULATION

TABLE 4 – EXPANDED PERLITE INSULATION FOR PP

• Operating Temperature:
- 60°C > t > 260°C
- 140°F > t > 500°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C > 60 61 to 93 94 to 212 122 to 148 149 to 176 177 to 204 205 to 232 233 to 260
°F > 140 141 to 200 201 to 250 251 to 300 301 to 350 351 to 400 401 to 450 451 to 500
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3/4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5
6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5
10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5
12 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3
14 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 3
16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3
18 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3
20 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3
24 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3
30 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
36 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
FLAT 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 3

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INSULATION

TABLE 5 – CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION FOR HC

• Operating Temperature:
- 260°C > t > 398°C
- 500°F > t > 750°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C to 260 261 to 287 288 to 315 316 to 343 344 to 371 372 to 398
°F to 500 501 to 550 551 to 600 601 to 650 651 to 700 701 to 750
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3/4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5
1 1/2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5
2 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
3 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
4 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 3
6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 3
8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 3
10 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 4
12 2.5 2.5 3 3 4 4
14 2.5 3 3 3 4 4
16 2.5 3 3 3 4 4
18 2.5 3 3 4 4 4
20 2.5 3 3 4 4 4
24 3 3 3 4 4 4
30 3 3 4 4 4 4
36 3 3 4 4 4 4
FLAT 3 3 4 4 4 4

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INSULATION

TABLE 6 – CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION FOR PP

• Operating Temperature:
- 260°C > t > 398°C
- 500°F > t > 750°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C to 260 261 to 287 288 to 315 316 to 343 344 to 371 372 to 398
°F to 500 501 to 550 551 to 600 601 to 650 651 to 700 701 to 750
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5
3/4 1.5 2 2 2 2.5 2.5
1 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3
1 1/2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 3
2 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 3.5
3 2 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 3.5
4 2 2.5 3 3 3.5 4
6 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
8 2.5 3 3 3.5 4 4.5
10 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
12 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
14 3 3.5 3.5 4 5 5.5
16 3 3.5 4 4 4.5 5.5
18 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
20 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
24 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
30 3 3.5 4 4.5 5.5 6
36 3 3.5 4 5 5.5 6
FLAT 3 3.5 4 5 5.5 6

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INSULATION

TABLE 7 - POLYURETHANE INSULATION CC

• Operating Temperature:
- 0°C > t > -100°C
- 32°F > t > -148°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C 0 to -6 -7 to -17 -18 to -28 -29 to -40 -41 to -51 -52 to -73 -74 to -100
°F 32 (*) to 21 20 to 1 0 to -20 -21 to -40 -41 to -60 -61 to -100 -101 to -148
DIAMETER
1/2 1 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3
3/4 1 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3
1 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 3 3.5
1 1/2 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3 3.5
2 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3.5 4
3 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 4.5
4 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
6 2 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5
8 2 2.5 3 3 3.5 4.5 5.5
10 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5.5
12 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5.5
14 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6
16 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6
18 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6
20 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6.5
24 2 2.5 3.5 4 4.5 5.5 6.5
30 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5.5 7
36 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5.5 7
48 TO FLAT 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 5 6 7

Table based on 32°C (90°F) ambient temperature, 85% relative humidity, 0 m/s
wind velocity, 0.9 emittance, and aged thermal conductivity of 0.17 BTU/Hr-Ft2/in.

(*) For temperatures between ambient and 0°, cold insulation shall be used for anti-
sweat purposes if the pipe, vessel, or heat exchanger operates continuously below
the air dew point.

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INSULATION

TABLE 8 - POLYISOCIANURATE INSULATION CC

• Operating Temperature:
- 10°C > t > -40°C
- 50°F > t > -40°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C 10 9 to -3 -4 to -17 -18 to -31 -32 to -40
°F 50 49 to 25 24 to 0 -1 to -25 -26 to -40
DIAMETER
1/2 1 1 1 1 1.5
3/4 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
1 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
1 1/2 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
2 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
3 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
4 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5
6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
12 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
14 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
18 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
20 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
24 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
30 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
36 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
48 TO FLAT 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2

Multi-layer insulation is required for polyisocyanurate at temperatures of -18° C (-1°

F) and below.

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INSULATION

TABLE 9 - CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION CC

• Operating Temperature:
- -101°C > t > -180°C
- -150°F > t > -290°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C -101 -102 to -115 -116 to -129 -130 to -142 -143 to -156 -157 to -170 -171 to -180
°F -150 -151 to -175 -176 to -200 -201 to -225 -226 to -250 -251 to -275 -276 to -290
DIAMETER
1/2 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4 4
3/4 3 3.5 3.5 4 4 4.5 4.5
1 3.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5
1 1/2 3.5 4 4 4.5 4.5 5 5
2 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 5 5
3 4 4.5 4.5 5 5 5.5 5.5
4 4.5 5 5 5.5 5.5 6 6
6 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6.5 6.5
8 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6.5 7
10 5 5.5 6 6.5 6.5 7 7
12 5 5.5 6 6.5 6.5 7 7
14 5.5 6 6 6.5 7 7.5 7.5
16 5.5 6 6 6.5 7 7.5 7.5
18 5.5 6 6.5 7 7 7.5 7.5
20 5.5 6 6.5 7 7 7.5 8
22 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8
24 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8
30 6 6.5 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5
36 6 6.5 7 7.5 7.5 8 8.5
48 TO FLAT 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

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INSULATION

TABLE 10 - CELLULAR GLASS INSULATION CC

• Operating Temperature:
- 4°C > t > -100°C
- 40°F > t > -149°F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE
°C 4 to -3 -4 to -17 -18 to -31 -32 to -45 -46 to -59 -60 to -73 -74 to -87 -88 to -100
°F 40 to 25 24 to 0 -1 to -25 -26 to -50 -51 to -75 -76 to -100 -101 to -125 -126 to -149
DIAMETER
1/2 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 3
3/4 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 3
1 1.5 2 2 2.5 3 3 3.5 3.5
1 1/2 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5 3.5
2 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4
3 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 4 4
4 1.5 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 4 4.5
6 1.5 2.5 3 3 3.5 4 4.5 4.5
8 1.5 2.5 3 3 3.5 4 4.5 4.5
10 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4 4.5 5
12 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5
14 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
16 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
18 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
20 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
24 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 5 5.5 5.5
30 1.5 2.5 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
36 1.5 2.5 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
48 TO FLAT 1.5 2.5 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

Multi-layer insulation is required for cellular glass thicknesses greater than 3 inches
(90 mm) in accordance with the following table:
Total Thickness Thickness
Thickness Inner Layer Outer Layer(s)
3 1/2" 1 1/2" 2"
4" 2" 2"
4 1/2" 2" 2 1/2"
5" 2 1/2" 2 1/2"
5 1/2" 2 1/2" 3"
6" 3" 3"
6 1/2" 3" 3 1/2"
7" 2" 2 1/2" plus 2 1/2"
7 1/2" 2 1/2" 2 1/2" plus 2 1/2"
8 2 1/2" 2 1/2" plus 3"
8 1/2" 2 1/2" 3" plus 3"
9" 3 3" plus 3"

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