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CLE1013 13/09/19

TABLE OF CONTENT

S. No. Description

1 INTRODUCTION 3-5

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AND


2 6-7
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7-9

BASELINE STUDY OF THE EXISTING


4 9-10
ENVIRONMENT

5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 11-12

6 MITIGATION MEASURES 13-14

7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 14-15

8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 15-16

9 CONCLUSION 17

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Prelude
India has 4378 cities and towns which generate waste in the range of 0.2kg to 0.6kg consistent with
capita in line with day amounting to approximately 1,15,000 MT of wastes / day. As in step with the
Ministry of Urban Development’s estimate, the 423 Class–1 towns by myself account for seventy
two.Five% of the overall waste generated inside the city area. Tamilnadu is one of the urbanized states in
India with 43.86% of country populace residing in city areas. In 2001 charge of urbanization in
Tamilnadu is double from approximately 22% in 1961. Hence the state is going through challenge of
imparting important infrastructures in urban region to preserve pace with developing population. Solid
Waste Management is one of the most important demanding situations faced by using the State
Government in city areas.

1.2 Need
Solid waste management is one of the challenging problems in India then elsewhere at the
worldwide stage which are dealing with a critical pollution problem because of the technology of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), which has also improved particularly with advanced lifestyles style and
social status of the populations in urban center. Each urban inhabitant produces 350–1000 g strong
squanders for every day. Consistently urban India creates 188.500 huge amounts of MSW, 68.8 million
tons for each year strong waste age and it increments by 50 % consistently. In 2015, the populace will
ascend to 50 lakhs and by 2025 it is relied upon to go up to 56 lakhs. The quick development of
industrialization and populace blast in India has prompted the relocation of individuals from town to the
urban communities which produces a large number of tons MSW age step by step. Civil strong waste age
(MSW) in urban India expanded from 23.86 million tons for each year to in excess of 39 million tons for
every year. The inappropriate treatment of squanders and open dumping influences human wellbeing and
condition. Tirupattur town produced 12.50 MT of strong waste every day, of this almost 10.00 MT of the
strong waste is gathered, shipped and arranged day by day which attempts to per capita age of 250 g/day.
The effective present instrument can gather 80 % of the complete waste created in the town. Of the all out
trash gathered, 48 % is the local waste, 42 % is the business waste and 10 % is the development
squanders among the local strong waste (Chandraleka 2014; Karthigarani and Elangovan 2014;
Sathewaran 2014).

1.3 Objective
The goal of the investigation is to complete Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the
proposed undertaking to meet the ecological compliances set somewhere near the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India. The extent of study would be according to the
EIA rules sketched out by the MoEF for Integrated Solid Waste Management Project and it will
incorporate point by point portrayal of existing status of condition in a region of 10 km outspread good
ways from the focal point of the undertaking site for different ecological segments viz., air, clamor, water,
land, natural and socio-economic components including parameters of human intrigue.
The objectives of the present study are:
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♦ To carry out Rapid EIA for the proposed project to meet the environmental compliances laid by MoEF,
Government of India to obtain EC from SEIAA.
♦ To establish the existing environmental settings of the project area based on information obtained from
primary data and compilation of secondary data from published literature.
♦ To evaluate potential environmental impacts from the project during operational phase and identify
appropriate mitigation measures.
♦ To prepare an effective Environment Management Plan for proper implementation and monitoring of
mitigation measures.
♦ To develop post study monitoring programme.

1.4 Scope
The scope of study is limited to assessment of impact associated with proposed Integrated Municipal
Solid Waste Management Facility and development of Environment Management Plan for safeguarding
the core and buffer zone environment of the area with reference to the following components

Environmental Impact assessment


• To assess the present status of various aspects of environment such as air, noise, water, land, biological
and socio-economic;
• Evaluation of proposed pollution control facilities and suggest modifications, if required;
• Preparation of cost effective and appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) encompassing
strategies for minimization of potential adverse impacts on various environmental components along
with budgetary provisions for implementation of pollution control measures;
• To delineate measures for human health & safety during operational and construction phase of proposed
project;
• Identification and quantification of significant impacts during operation of the proposed project;
• Delineation of post-study Environmental Quality Monitoring Programme;
• To assess the impact on human settlement in the project influence area

Socio-Economic Assessment
• Establishing and analyzing demographic profile including sex ratio, literacy rate, SC/ST, workers
classification, land use categorization, etc in the project influenced area.

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1.5 Methodology

FIG 1.1 MATRIX FOR CONDUCTING EIA AND POST PROJECT MONITORING

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2. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

HAZARDOUS WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 1989


This law addresses handling of hazardous substances that fall under specified schedules.
Salient Features of this rules is,
• For proper collection, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste either by the
occupier or by the operator of a facility.
• Empowers TNPCB to grant authorization to an operator or occupier for any of the above
activities and to either suspend or cancel an authorization
• The Hazardous waste shall not be mixed with other wastes.

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2.1.4 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES, 2000


This notification by Ministry of Environment & Forest lay down the methods of handling
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and its scientific disposal. It bans incineration of MSW. The
Rules apply to every Municipal Authority responsible for collection, storage, transportation,
processing and disposal of MSW. Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
(MSW Rules) are applicable to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation,
storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solids. The Rules contains four
Schedules namely;

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Project Area


The Project covers area around Vellore.

3.2 Existing Sold Waste Management


For this examination, the method of strong waste transfer with recurrence and rate was given
in Table 1.
The Table 1 demonstrates that 88.9 % of the individuals dumped the family unit squander in
open spots, business waste are dumped onto the street side. Just a single respondent used to
consume their local waste and around 10 % of the family arranged through different strategies.
The reusing technique embraced for this examination was given in Table 2.

Huge numbers of the reactions in the investigation demonstrates that local family unit waste
can't be reused. Just the business waste is reused by the administration. Be that as it may, just a
single respondent said that they are reusing their household squander by changing over into
compost for their nursery and the rest said that they essentially dumped into the basic region/
container. The material organization in local waste is given in Table 3.
This demonstrates different kind of material is arranged as local waste. Among the
examples, right around 67 % of the respondents expressed that waste paper involves the
significant bit of waste from their families. Beside this level convey sacks stands second with
22.2 %, 1.4 % of their waste originates from sustenance squander, overlap fabrics, old materials,
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separately and just 2.8 % their waste originates from drug squander. The measure of waste
transfer by individual is spoken to in Table 4.

The Table 4 shows the average disposal of household waste. Almost 57 % of the respondents are
disposing nearly 2 kg on an average basis and 43 % of the respondents dispose only 1 kg. Table 5
shows that the various agencies involved in collecting the solid waste and garbage waste in the
study area.
Among the samples, most of the respondents i.e., 85 % of them said that waste is collected by
the municipal worker, next to this people pay a private collector to collect the waste and only
four respondents said that NGOs are playing a vital role in collecting the solid waste and these
NGOs convert the solid waste into wealth. The frequency of solid waste collection is given in
Table 6.
Table 6 infers the regular collection of solid waste by the municipal workers on daily basis.
Around 43 % of the respondents stated that the municipal workers are collecting the waste daily

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and majority of the respondents i.e. 57 % of the sample respondents stated that workers are not
collecting the waste regularly.

3.3 Project Component


The proposed integrated solid waste management project shall consist of the following
components:
Primary collection of MSW: Implementation of Door-to-Door collection of MSW.
Transportation of MSW: After collection, MSW will be transported in the closed/covered
vehicles to the processing and disposal site at Kuthambakkam.
Transfer Stations: The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected from the five
municipalities will be temporarily stored in the respective transfer stations and transported
in larger containers to landfill site. Secondary segregation will be done to remove the
recyclable materials. The dry materials like glass, metals and plastics shall be sold to
authorized recyclers.
Processing and Disposal of MSW: The Municipal solid Waste from the Transfer Stations
shall be transported to the processing centre at Kuthambakkam. MSW is to be processed
for energy recovery before final disposal into landfill site. Only inerts or processing rejects
to be land filled which is to be in range of 15-20% of total waste transported to the site.
Processing complex would comprise of the following:
• RDF Plant: Mixed MSW would be converted into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in
the RDF Plant.
• Compost Plant: Organic components of MSW segregated during RDF Process will
be treated in the compost plant to produce manure.
• Eco Bricks: Inert materials will be used for making Eco bricks and eco paver
blocks.
• Sanitary Landfill: The rejects from RDF, Compost plant & reject materials from
eco bricks manufacturing will be taken to Sanitary Landfill.
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3.4 Development Plan for Implementation

In Vellore, specific land has been allocated for the development of integrated waste
management facility. In line with the project DPR, the development of the proposed facility
comprises of the following steps:

• Management of MSW Collection & Transportation and Biomass:


Door to Door collection has been proposed as component of project. MSW will be transported
in closed/covered vehicles. Truck will normally enter the plant during the timings as approved
by local authorities. Truck will enter the main gate through “entrance side” and proceed to the
weighbridge. Incoming trucks will be weighed with tare weight reference and net weight of
material will be computed by electronic weighbridge. Tare weight inventory of all the trucks
will be maintained. Depending upon the type of material, MSW or Biomass, each truck will
be directed for unloading mixed MSW and biomass. Mixed MSW will be unloaded in RDF
plant pit and biomass will be unloaded in the storage area earmarked for the same. After
unloading, the truck will proceed to the “exit”.
• Compost Plant:
It is proposed to develop 230 TPD bio compost plant to process segregated organic waste,
collected directly from hotels, restaurants, vegetable markets etc and transported separately to
the site. The quantity of compost shall be 109.1 TPD
• RDF Plant:
The facility also includes MSW processing plant to convert MSW to RDF.

WASTE SEGREGATION PROCESS

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5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Huge amounts of strong waste are exposed to uncontrolled, informal and deficient burning
which results in arrival of various lethal gases into the air which causes air contamination,
corrosive downpour and so forth. Huge amounts of synthetics are immediately pushed into
channels and streams making tremendous harm humanhealth. Dumping of horticulture strong
waste and metropolitan strong waste will dirty soil, influence it's richness and defile the ground
water. Strong waste produces foul smell, breeds creepy crawlies and mosquitoes other than
disintegrates the stylish estimation of land. Strong waste changes the properties of air, soil and
water.
TABLE 5.1: IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
PHASE
S. No. Components Aspects Potential Impact
Construction Phase
1 Ambient Air Quality Dust emissions from site Minor negative impact inside plant
preparation, excavation, premises. No negative impact outside
material handling and other plant site. Short term
construction activities at site
2 Noise Noise generation from Minor negative impact near noise
construction activities, generation sources inside premises.
construction equipment and No significant impact on ambient
vehicular movement noise levels at sensitive receptors.
Short term
3 Water quality Surface runoff from project No significant negative impact.
Site. Oil/fuel and waste However, hazardous chemicals
spills. Improper debris should be handled properly Short
disposal term
4 Land use and Aesthetics Land development Negative impact. Currently the land
is meychal pormboke land & there
will be a change in land use as the
land is used for processing of
Municipal Solid Wastes..
5 Topography and Geology Site development Positive impact as site filling to raise
the site level and boundary wall to be
built-up
6 Soils Construction activity Negative impact as the proposed area
leading to topsoil removal will be used for processing of
and erosion. Municipal solid Waste. But
mitigation measures will be taken
during construction phase to store the
top soil & reuse it for green belt
development.

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S. No. Components Aspects Potential Impact


7 Ecology Flora and Fauna Habitat disturbance during No impact as the area is devoid of
construction activity any vegetation
8 Socio- Economy Increased job opportunity Overall positive impact
for locals
9 Traffic Pattern Haul Truck/construction Minor negative impact
vehicle movement
Operational Phase
1 Ambient Air Quality Particulate emissions Minor negative impact
from compost plant, RDF
plant, Boiler, material
handling.
2 Noise Noise from plant Minor negative impact
operation and vehicular
movement
3 Water quality Oil/fuel and waste spills. No significant adverse impact as
Wastewater from plant storm water and other wastewater
Processes. Discharge of generated from the plant site will
waste water and be treated and then disposed.
contaminated storm water
from site
4 Water usage Ground water will be No negative impact
used
5 Soils Storage of solid wastes No negative impact
Fuel and material spills
6 Ecology-Flora and Fauna Land use change No negative impact
7 Traffic Pattern Slight increase in traffic Negligible negative impact

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6. MITIGATION MEASURE

6.1 Mitigation Measures for Air

Construction Phase

• Mitigation measures with respect to air pollution are only required to control dust
(suspended particles) nuisance as a result of construction activities. General control options
are specified in, for example, the USEPA AP 42 entails the following measures

• Truck transport: Wet suppression and paving and covering loads to avoid loss of material in
transport; dusty vehicle loads transported to and from the site should be covered by sheets
and should not be overloaded;

Operation Phase

Other than the above, the following Dust Prevention Measures should be taken to control the
air pollution during operation phase

• The raw MSW will be initially sprayed with the herbal extract to control odour nuisance

• Secondary shredder should be provided with dust bag filters before air is let out to
atmosphere

• From Air Classifier Cyclone, air should be passed to air-washer system

• Development of Green belt around the plant area

• Following aspiration points are envisaged for dust collection: • Rotary trammel • Dryer
discharge chute • Discharge chute of rotary trammel • Coarse fluff discharge duct •
Secondary cyclone discharge duct • Air should be sent to cyclone for primary collection and
air washing for final collection

6.2 Mitigation Measures for Land


Construction Phase

• Erosion Control Plan – Check dams around the project boundary


• Handling of oil and fuel will be restricted to the impermeable paved
• Wastewater generated from the workforce will be collected properly and treated on site.
No wastewater will be discharged on land for disposal.

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• The existing waste dump yard of the municipalities will be converted to transfer stations
and the project site is a vacant land devoid of encroachments / settlements. Hence the
project does not involve resettlement or rehabilitations issues
Operational Phase
• The solid waste handling area (transfer station as well as project site) and the compost
yard will be provided with the impermeable base made of concrete or clay of 50cm
thickness, having coefficient less than 10-7cm/sec.
• The leachate from the tipping floor (transfer station) will be collected properly in the
leachate collection pond and transported to the treatment plant at final disposal facility.
• 1-2% slope will be provided for the compost yard, it will be circled by lined drains for
the proper collection of leachate.
• Wastewater Treatment
• The proposed greenbelt development will improve the aesthetics of the project area.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


7.1 EMP for Air
• Idling Time Reduction - Construction equipment is commonly left idling while the operators
are on break or waiting for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment
tend to be high, since catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of
hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which
automatically shut the engine off after a preset time can reduce emissions, without intervention
from the operators
• Improved Maintenance - Significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular
equipment maintenance. So the construction equipments should be maintained periodically.

7.2 EMP FOR NOISE

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7.3 EMP FOR WATER

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

8.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING

The ‘Environmental Management Plan’ puts forward skeleton criteria for a construction and
operational phase environmental management system. As mentioned, the MSW (Management
and Handling) rules, 2000 standards for environmental control have been used as a basis to
monitor overall compliance. Ambattur Municipality must ensure that it adheres to the principles
of Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules, 2000.
In general, it can be stated that compliance monitoring will be conducted through regular
environmental inspections, audits, control feed-back mechanisms, document control and reviews
to check if activities and operations are in compliance with proposed local standards or
indicators proposed in this EIA.
Environmental compliance monitoring will be carried out on several different levels, namely
• Trained technicians and/or environmental consultants will carry out the continuous and/or field
and laboratory monitoring of physical measurements (e.g. leachate and groundwater);

• In some cases compliance monitoring will be carried out by internal assessors, who will be
specially trained in environmental procedures relevant to their operation;
• It is suggested the internal assessor conducts regular inspections;
• Furthermore, it is suggested that the EHSQO Company/Site conducts visual and control checks
for overall compliance;
• It is also suggested that the EHSQO Company/Site monitor document records (inspection of
the monitored data versus standards and other indicators) on a regular periodic basis.

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8.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING


The objectives of ambient air quality monitoring are:
Validating that the ambient air quality from the integrated municipal solid waste processing plant
meets MSW rules, 2000 regulations; Monitoring should demonstrate continuously that the
quality of the ambient air from the integrated municipal solid waste processing plant meets all set
of objectives. Monitoring of the ambient air quality should be carried out once in two months.

8.3 GROUNDWATER MONITORING


The objectives of groundwater monitoring are:
• Analysis of the implementation of the EMP and Crisis Management System, in particular to
limit environmental impacts of daily activities and also to control environmental incidents and
limit their impact on the environment and subsequently the groundwater;
• Identification of pollution as an indicator of a non-compliance incident that must be
investigated remediated and prevented from occurring in the future. Monitoring of the
groundwater should demonstrate the correct implementation of the EMP. Monitoring
guidelines for drinking water quality at landfill sites, is given in Municipal Solid Wastes
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 indicate the groundwater parameters needs to be
assessed and which detection limits are applicable. It should be found that there is no pollutant
in the monitoring wells over accepted limits. Furthermore, monitoring should show that the
site is complying with SPCB regulations. Monitoring should be carried out on monthly basis
during monitoring programme.

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9. CONCLUSION

Strong waste administration is one of the major issues in Vellore specifically and all over
India and world all in all. In Vellore the gathering of strong waste age is about 12.50 MT every day,
of these almost 10.00 MT of the strong waste gathered, shipped and arranged day by day which
attempts to per capita age of 250 g/day. Just a single respondent in the example is reusing their
residential waste for planting and the remainder of them were basically dumping in the open space.
As the pay level of the respondent builds the utilization of plastic packs and paper additionally
increment and it finishes as waste. Almost 62 % of the respondents are having the ability to pay for
clean condition.
A Green belt area of 28400 sqm is being proposed to develop in and around the plant to
control emission and enhance aesthetic value. Water requirement is 86 KLD which shall be supplied
by two no. of tube wells. The power requirement shall be around 400 KVA.
Implementation of an integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing unit at Kuthambakkam Project
site will benefit in respect of the following aspects:
• Increasing the shell life of Kuthambakkam project site.
• Hygienic working conditions for SWM workers
• Prevention of Ground and Surface Water contamination
• Minimization of waste related litigations
• Recovery of useful products (Organic Manure, Refuse Derived Fuel, Eco bricks etc)
• Aesthetic value of Municipal areas will be enhanced
• Operation of the processing facility in eco friendly with international standards •
• Saving of cost on maintenance of disposal site.
• Generation of employment both direct and indirect

The proposed processing plant will mitigate the impact associated with open dumping. Gaseous
emissions, fire will be contained. Surface and ground water pollution will be minimized and
avoided. Changes in soil properties and land contamination will be prevented. Odour, litter will be
minimized and vision will be improved. Toxic constituents will be contained while handling of
MSW in a proper way. The living conditions and activities of residents in the vicinity of Transfer
stations and processing area of MSW will be enhanced. Wastes will be converted into wealth
(Organic manure, RDF, Eco bricks/blocks, recovery of recyclables).

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