সংযু ক্তি - ৩

Burden calculation of 33kV outgoing feeder SK Vita-2 CT secondary circuit of at Jamalpur 132/33 kV
Grid Substation:

CT Ratio = 400/5

CT Class = 5P10

Rated Burden = 30

Cable length = 52 m (One way)

Typical DC resistance of 4 mm2 (RM) cable at 20 °C = 4 ohm/km

AC resistance of 4 mm2 (RM) cable at 30 °C = 1.5 x (234 + 30)/(234 + 20) x 4

= 6.24 ohm/km

Total lead resistance for single phase to earth fault = 2 x 0.052 x 6.24 ohm

= 0.65 ohm

Total lead burden = 52 x 0.65 VA

= 16.21 VA

Relay burden = 0.25 VA

Connected Total Burden = 16.46 VA

Calculated knee point voltage of a 5P10, 30VA, 5A secondary current CT is 60-80V (>= ALF x VA/IS)
approximately.

Highest measureable symmetrical secondary current by this CT can be found from the formula below.

Highest Measureable Secondary Symmetrical Current = VK / Connected Burden Resistance

= 80 / 0.66

= 121.5 A

Highest Measureable Primary Symmetrical Current = 121.5 x (400/5)

= 9720 A

Effective ALF = 9720 / 400

= 24.3

Behavior of the discussed CT at BUS fault:

33 kV Bus fault current = 10.26 kA

Fault current to CT primary current ratio = 10260/400

= 25.7

This ratio is higher than effective ALF, 24.3, of the discussed CT. CT becomes saturated for this very high
current. Fault current having considerable DC component may lead to heavy saturation of the CT. Situation
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 gets worse when fault occurred at voltage zero point and system has high X/R ratio. Current in CT secondary
circuit would be almost zero for most of the time and eventually relay may require very long time to issue
the trip signal. For this kind of undesired CT saturation, Transformer incomers would be forced to trip the
incomer CB within desired 600ms at 33kV Bus fault.

Similar results for other CTs are tabulated below.

Used Connected
CT Rating Cable Data
Fault CT Core Burden (VA)
Sl Connected
Current Feeder Name Rated Cable Cable
No Bus
(kA) CT Ratio Class Burden Size Length
(VA) (mm2) (m)
Transformer Incomer
01 TR-1 & TR- 5.13 TR-1 2400/1600/5 5P10 30 4 80 1600/5 25.19
02 2 5.13 TR-2 2400/1600/5 5P10 30 4 55 1600/5 17.40
03 TR-3 4.90 TR-3 800/400/5 5P10 30 4 93 1600/5 29.25
04 TR-4 4.90 TR-4 800/400/5 5P10 30 4 105 1600/5 32.99
Capacitor Bank Feeder
01 TR-1 & TR- 10.26 Capacitor Bank -1 400/5 5P20 30 4 80 400/5 25.19
02 2 10.26 Capacitor Bank -2 400/5 5P20 30 4 55 400/5 17.40
03 TR-3 4.90 Capacitor Bank -3 400/5 5P20 30 4 93 400/5 29.25
Outgoing Feeder
01 SK Vita-2 800/400/5 5P10 30 4 52 400/5 16.46
02 Sharishabari 400/200/5 5P10 30 2.5 88 400/5 48.27
03 Nandina 800/600/5 5P20 30 6 90 600/5 21.30
04 Jamuna 600/300/5 5P10 15 6 53 600/5 12.64
TR-1 & TR-
05 10.26 T5 600/300/5 5P10 20 4 30 300/5 9.60
2
06 Dhanbari 800/400/5 5P10 30 2.5 40 800/5 22.08
07 Switching-1 800/400/5 5P10 30 2.5 44 800/5 24.26
08 Switching-2 800/400/5 5P10 30 2.5 42 800/5 23.17
09 BEZA 800/400/5 5P10 30 2.5 38 800/5 20.99
10 SK Vita-1 600/300/5 10P15 30 2.5 85 600/5 46.63
11 Shahapur 400/200/5 5P10 30 2.5 105 400/5 57.55
TR-3 4.90
12 Sherpur PBS 600/5 5P10 30 4 107 600/5 33.61
13 Sherpur PDB 400/200/5 5P10 15 2.5 106 400/5 58.09
14 TR-4 4.90 Beltia 800/400/5 10P15 30 4 85 800/5 26.75

Highest
Rated Connected Minimum CT
Sl Effective Measurable
Feeder Name Burden Burden Required Saturation Recommendation
No ALF Primary
(VA) (VA) ALF Possibility
Current (kA)
Transformer Incomer
01 TR-1 30 25.19 3.21 15.88 25.40 Unlikely CT is properly sized
02 TR-2 30 17.40 3.21 22.99 36.78 Unlikely CT is properly sized
03 TR-3 30 29.25 6.13 13.68 10.94 Unlikely CT is properly sized
04 TR-4 30 32.99 6.13 12.12 9.70 Unlikely CT is properly sized
Capacitor Bank Feeder
01 Capacitor Bank -1 30 25.19 25.65 31.75 12.70 Less Likely Cable can be changed by 6RM Cable
02 Capacitor Bank -2 30 17.40 25.65 45.98 18.39 Unlikely CT is properly sized
03 Capacitor Bank -3 30 29.25 12.25 27.35 10.94 Unlikely CT is properly sized
Outgoing Feeder
01 Sharishabari 30 48.27 25.65 8.29 3.31 Highly Likely Higher rated CT shall be installed
02 Shahapur 30 57.55 12.25 6.95 2.78 Highly Likely Higher rated CT shall be installed
03 Sherpur PDB 15 58.09 12.25 3.44 1.38 Highly Likely Higher rated CT shall be installed
04 SK Vita-2 30 16.46 25.65 24.30 9.72 Likely Higher CT tap 800/5 shall be used
05 Jamuna 15 12.64 17.10 15.82 9.49 Likely Higher rated CT shall be installed
06 T5 20 9.60 34.20 31.24 9.37 Likely Higher CT tap 600/5 shall be used
07 Dhanbari 30 22.08 12.83 18.12 14.49 Less Likely Higher rated CT is not mandatory

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 Highest
Rated Connected Minimum CT
Sl Effective Measurable
Feeder Name Burden Burden Required Saturation Recommendation
No ALF Primary
(VA) (VA) ALF Possibility
Current (kA)
08 Switching-1 30 24.26 12.83 16.49 13.19 Less Likely Higher rated CT is not mandatory
09 Switching-2 30 23.17 12.83 17.27 13.81 Less Likely Higher rated CT is not mandatory
10 BEZA 30 20.99 12.83 19.06 15.25 Less Likely Higher rated CT is not mandatory
11 SK Vita-1 30 46.63 8.17 12.87 7.72 Less Likely Higher rated CT is not mandatory
12 Sherpur PBS 30 33.61 8.17 11.90 7.14 Less Likely Higher rated CT is not mandatory
13 Nandina 30 21.30 17.10 37.56 22.54 Unlikely CT is properly sized
14 Beltia 30 26.75 12.25 22.43 8.97 Unlikely CT is properly sized

All calculations are made based on current fault level of 132 kV Bus, Transformers’ MVA & Percentage
Impedance, 33 kV Bus arrangement. During the calculation DC effect on fault current is ignored. DC
component may vanish after 4-5 cycles. If CT is not properly sized it may result mal operation of relays.

Remedy to avoid CT Saturation and mal-operation of Incomer CB:

1. It is to be noted that CTs having 5A secondary current is responsible for greater Lead burden by a
factor of 25 than CTs having 1A secondary current. It is a very good practice to use 1A secondary
current CT as current seen by feeder CT (it sees the whole current) is much greater than the incomer
CT. For this purpose 1A protection core is highly recommended to decrease the Lead Burden.
2. CTs having at least 30VA burden and 20 ALF protection core should be engaged to measure the
high fault current.
3. Numerical relays or 1A Static relays are recommended for feeder protection to implement both
IDMT and DMT characteristic.

General Recommendation for CT and Relay:

1. CT Protection core: 600/800/1, 5P20, 30VA

CT Tariff Metering core: 600/800/5, 0.2, 10VA
CT Panel Metering core: 600/800/5, 0.5, 10VA
2. Numerical Relay with 1A and 5A CT input or 1A Static Relay.

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