Lesson 3

I. Brainstorming

- is the most popular tool in generating

creative and rich ideas
How Brainstorming Works

1) Decide for the general or primary topic.

2) Get ideas from everyone.

Topic: Unemployment
1. Jobs
2. Poverty
3. Salary
4. Lack of education
5. Low salary
6. Lack of money
7. Fresh graduates

- involves writing the main topic and listing

down the related ideas
- a visual representation of ideas and
their connections with one another
- more structured

- shows how one idea subordinates

another idea
3) Revisit the list.

4) Have the list as a guide or an

outline for the final product.
II. Graphic Organizers

- are visual representations of concepts

that help us structure information into
organizational patterns
- present essential information and
connect these pieces of information into
a coherent framework
 Types of
Graphic Organizers
- used to compare and contrast ideas and
events
- uses two or more overlapping circles to
show similar and different attributes
TRY IT! Fill in the missing data in the Venn Diagram
which scientifically compares a butterfly and a moth. Use
critical thinking and select only relevant information based on
the topic from the following list.

Has 3 pairs of legs Hatches from chrysalis

Hatches from cocoon Looks pretty

Featured in Rizal's story Has wings

TRY IT! Fill in the missing data in the Venn Diagram
which scientifically compares a whale and a fish. Use critical
thinking and select only relevant information based on the
topic from the following list.

Lay eggs Live in water

Breathe water Have scales

Live birth Can swim

Have fins Have hair

Breathe air
- used to represent hierarchy, classification,
and branching
- useful in showing relationships of scientific
categories, family trees, and even lineages
TRY IT! Fill in the missing data in the university hierarchy
with the positions below. Note that all positions will be used in
the Network Tree.

HR Manager Director of Academic Services

Payroll Manager Accounting Manager

Department Chair HR Supervisor

Director of External Linkages Faculty

- used to investigate and enumerate various
aspects of a central idea, which could be a
concept, topic, or theme
- also known as semantic map
TRY IT! Fill in the missing data in the following spider
map with the following.

picture-based connects people

relies on the internet serves as a marketing tool

interactive prone to security breaches

- displays the nature of the problem and how
it can be solved
- usually contains the problem's description,
its causes and effects, and logical solutions
TRY IT! Fill in the missing data in the following climate
change problem-solution map with the phrases below. Make
sure to select only the relevant information.

Climate change

Making documentaries

Shrinking mountain glaciers

Reducing use of items that produce greenhouse gases

Variations in the sun's energy reahing the Earth

Cutting down trees

Accelerating ice melt in Iceland

 Nature
- Encompasses global warming
- Refers to the broader range of
changes that are happening to
our planet
Problem Solution
Causes
- Changes in the
greenhouseeffect, which affect
the amount of heat retained by
Earth's atmosphere
- Changes in the reflectivity of
Earth's atmosphere and surface
Effects
- Rising sea levels
- Shifting in flower/plant blooming
times
- used to show how events occurred
chronologically through a long bar
labeled with dates and specific events

- can be linear or comparative

a. Linear Timeline
- shows how events happened
within one period
b. Comparative Timeline
- shows two sets of events that happened
within the same period
- used to map events in the story
- used to analyze the major parts of a plot
TRY IT! Fill in the missing details in the
diagram.

* The two families discover the bodies of the two

lovers and realize their wrongs.

* Romeo and Juliet are lovers who come from

rival families, Montague and Capulet.

* The Capulets and Montagues end their feud.

- used to show the logical sequence
of events
TRY IT! Fill in the missing details in the
chains of events regarding the Scientific Method
with the information below.

* Test the hypothesis.

* Define a problem.

* Make observations and collect information.

 SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Make a prediction or state a hypothesis.

Form a conclusion.
- used to better understand the causual
relationship of a complex phenomenon
- shows the factors that cause a specific event
or problem, as well as details of each cause
 - describes how a series of events interact to
produce a set of results repeatedly
* Some examples of events that require a cycle are
water cycle, metamorphosis, and poverty cycle.
TRY IT! Fill in the missing data in the
following poverty cycle with the details below. As
with the other samples, make sure to select the
correct information through critical thinking.

family in poverty

inspires the next generation

low family income

lack of education
- used to map out arguments and evidence
that prove a viewpoint
- is especially useful when processing
persuasive or argumentative texts
III. Outline

- considered as a plan for writing; a

summary that gives the essential
feature of a text

- shows how the parts of a text are

related to one another as parts that are
of equal importance, or sections that
are subordinate to a main idea
Two Outline Formats

- uses both letters and numbers as labels

- uses only numbers as labels

Principles of Outlining

- requires ideas of the same relevance

to be labeled in the same way
I. Positive effects of uniform policy
A. Promotes school identity
B. Improves school security

II. Negative effects of uniform policy

A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality
 - shows that minor details have to be
placed under their respective major
details
I. Positive effects of uniform policy
A. Promotes school identity
B. Improves school security

II. Negative effects of uniform policy

A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality
 - shows that minor details have to be
placed under their respective major
details
I. Positive effects of uniform policy
A. Promotes school identity
B. Improves school security

II. Negative effects of uniform policy

A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality
 - requires that no cluster should
contain only one item

I. Positive effects of uniform policy

A. Promotes school identity
B. Improves school security

II. Negative effects of uniform policy

A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality
 - requires all entries in each cluster to
use the same structure and format

I. Positive effects of uniform policy

A. Promotes school identity
B. Improves school security

II. Negative effects of uniform policy

A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality
Kinds of Outline According to Structure

- a systematic arrangement of ideas

using broad topics in the form of
words or simple phrases as headers
- uses complete sentences as its
entries
- also known as expanded outline
Thesis Statement
- the central idea of a multiple-paragraph
composition
- one-sentence summary that guides,
controls, and unifies ideas when writing

*In simple terms, all the other

ideas present in an essay
revolve around the thesis
statement.
“In preparing for a battle I have
always found that plans are
useless, but planning is
indispensable.”

- Dwight D. Eisenhower
Thank You !!