TRANSLATING A BOOK ENTITLED INTRODUCTION TO

ALGORITHMS SECOND EDITION ON CHAPTER 2 PAGE 123-140

FOR STUDENTS OF INFORMADTTION TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT

THE REPORT OF FINAL PROJECT

by

Emlia
F31161461

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT
POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER
2019
 TRANSLATING A BOOK ENTITLED INTRODUCTION TO
ALGORITHMS SECOND EDITION ON CHAPTER 2 PAGE 123-140
FOR STUDENTS OF INFORMADTTION TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT

THE REPORT OF FINAL PROJECT

Presented as one of the requirement for the completion of Study in

A Three-Year Diploma Program at the English Study Program of Language,
Communication, and Tourism Department
The State Polytechnic of Jember

by

Emila
F31161461

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT
POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER
2019
THE MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION
POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER
LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION, AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT

APPROVAL SHEET

1. Title : Translating a book entitled introduction to

algorithms second edition on chapter 2
page 123-140 for students of information
Technology department

2. The Writer’s Identity

a. Complete Name
b. NIM
c. Department/Study
Program
3. Location
4. The Supervisor’s Identity
a. Complete Name
b. NIP
c. Department/Study
Program
5. Duration of the Project
: Emilia
: F31161461
: Language, Communication, and Tourism
Department/English Study Program
: PoliteknikNegeriJember
: Agus Setia Budi, S.Pd, M.Pd
: 19740630 200212 1 001
: Language, Communication, and Tourism
Department/English Study Program
: 9 (nine) months

Jember, Februaryth, 2019

Supervisor, The Writer,

AgusSetia Budi, S.Pd, M.Pd Emilia

NIP. 19740630 200212 1 001 NIM. F31161461

Approved by,
The Chair of Language, Communication and Tourism Department

SitiAisyiyah, S.Pd.,M.Pd.
NIP. 19770427 200212 2 003
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages
TITTLE ................................................................................................................. ii
APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... iv

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1

1.1 Background.............................................................................1
1.2 Objective .................................................................................2
1.3 Significances ...........................................................................2
1.3.1 For the Information Technology Department .......................2
1.3.2 For the Student of English Study Program ...........................2
1.3.3 For the Writer of Final Project ..............................................3

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......................................................4

2.1 Definition of Translation ......................................................4
2.2 Types of Text ..........................................................................4
2.3 The Methods and Procedures of Translation ......................5
2.4 The Process of Translation ....................................................7
CHAPTER 3. THE METHODS .........................................................................12
3.1 Short Description of the Product ........................................12
3.2 Source of Translation...........................................................12
3.3 Duration of the Project ........................................................13
3.4 The Translation Activity .....................................................13
3.4.1 Analysing the Source Text ..................................................13
3.4.2 Transferring the Analyzed text............................................13
3.4.3 Revising the Translation Result ..........................................13

REFERENCES .....................................................................................................15

APPENDICES ......................................................................................................16
 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The importance of English cannot be denied. English is one of the international
language that used as an official language by the United Nation and international
organization. Crystal (2003) has statement that English is used as an official language
in more than 85% of international organization in the world. It shows that English
become the tool for communication by people in any kind of field such as politics,
business, economic, and education.
In the education field, English is important for higher education and specialized
training. There are many references like books also journal published in English
versions that support the theories in educational system. According Weijen (2012)
there are around 80% of the journals indexed in Scopus has already published in
English. English is the medium of instruction in education in most university and higher
education of the world. At the college level, some lecturers and students use English
references such as textbook, journal, scientific magazine as a supporting media in
teaching and learning process.
In Politeknik Negeri Jember one of the lecturers of Information Technology
Department use textbook entitled Introduction to Algorithms as the module in the
teaching-learning process. The lecturers use this textbook because it was more
complete and detail information about Algorithms material. However, the textbook is
not in Bahasa Indonesia version but, in English version. The lecturer of Information
Technology delivers the material by using Bahasa Indonesia to the students. However,
the problems come to the students of Information Technology Department. They found
the difficulties when they study by themselves, because they still read English text from
the textbook. They do not understand the content of textbook in English version
because their ability in English still weak. So, the writer tried to find the solution. One
of the best solution to solve their problem is by translating the textbook.
Translating the textbook is needed and it can help them in understanding this book
easily. This is also stated by Mazenod (2017), he said that language practice in

1
 2

production of academic knowledge need to be challenged to ensure that knowledge

from these source is not lost in translation. Translation is needed for keeping
information intact from misunderstanding by the readers. The purpose of translation is
for making people easier to understand the message of their references.
Based on the preliminary study, the writer did the interview with a lecturer in IT
Department. After discussing about English textbook, she suggested the writer translate
book entitled “Introduction to Algorithms” into Bahasa Indonesia. She thought
translating this book into Bahasa Indonesia is very beneficial and help students of IT
can understand easily. The writer also asked the students of IT to make sure that they
need the book in Indonesia version. The students in IT department said that they need
this book in Indonesia version because it is difficult for them to understand well in
English version. The writer as student of English study program will translate this book
focusing on page 123-140 into Bahasa Indonesia. The writer will translate this book as
the topic of the final project. So, the result of this translation can help the lecturer and
student of IT department for the learning and teaching process.

1.2 Objective
The objective of final project is to translate book of IT Department entitled
“operating system concept Ninth edition page 92-112” from English into Indonesia.

1.3 Significances
This final project will bring some benefits to the following parties:
1.3.1 For Information Technology Department
This product of final project can be useful for lecturer of IT in learning and teaching
activity and help the students understand easily the content of the book in Indonesia
version.
1.3.2 The Students of English Study Program
The result of this final project can be used as a reference for those who want to
conduct the similar final project.
 3

1.3.3 The Writer of Final Project

By conducting this final project, the writer can apply and improve her writing skill
and translation ability.
 4

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter discusses about how the translation product can be finished with
relevant procedure also supported by the appropriate process based on types of the text.
In presenting the discussion it also completed with Definition of translation, types of
text, more specific to the methods, procedure and the process of translation.

2.1 Definition of Translation

During the development of knowledge, there are many kinds of definition of
translation from experts that described in some references. Translation is activity for
transferring one language to another target language in to make people easier in
understanding the information, contain or message of the references itself. That
explanation is related with the opinion from Newmark (1998) stated that translation
was rendering the meaning of the text into another language in the way that the author
intended the text. Meaning of language from words, phrases, clauses, paragraph, and
other, both oral and written in translation, the source language from was change to the
recipient language form. Based on Hatim and Munday (2004) translation were two
sense; the first sense was as a process focus on the role of the translation in taking SL
and turning into TL, and second sense center on the concrete translation product
procedure by the translator. So, based on the explanation between both different experts
about definition of translation has the same meaning that rendering or turning. SL into
TL and also it emphasizes that the result of translation should be watched clearly and
focus in order that it can get the concrete product produce by the translator

2.2 Types of Text

There are three kinds of text which needs different technique in translation
according to Reiss (1976) in Munday (2008). Informative text is the first type of this
text which is usually documents that representing the information and facts related with
a certain object. Textbook, report, operating instruction are the examples of this text.
 5

To translate this text the translator should transmit the full referential or content of the
source text. It should be plain prose and without redundancy and using the explication
when required. The second type is expressive text which is expressing the author’s
feeling and the aesthetic style is applied deeply in this text. The example of expressive
text is poem, play, and the song. The translator should transmit the aesthetic form of
the source text and identify the methods that suitable with the author’s point of view.
The last type is operative texts which are persuasive language dominant in this text aim
to persuade the reader with the content and to act in a certain way. Sermon,
advertisement, and the official speech are the example of this text. The translator should
employ the adaptive methods and creating the equivalent effect among the target text
readers. Each type of text has their own characteristic and has their own way to translate
so that it can conclude that there is no best method in translating a text, it depends on
the type of text. The book that will be translated is informative text. So, kind of
translation for this final project is translation of informative text.

2.3 The Methods and Procedures of Translation

Newmark (1988) in Ordudari (2007), mention that the translation methods related
to the whole text while translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller
units of language. Further, Newmark (1998) divided the methods of translation into
two groups. One of group which is focuses on the source language emphasis and
consists of four kinds of translation methods. These are the methods:
a. Word-for-word translation:
Word-for-word translation is the translation method in which the source language
word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common
meanings.
b. Literal translation:
It is kinds of translation method in which the source language grammatical
constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents, but the lexical
words are again translated singly.
 6

c. Faithful translation:
The translation method which attempts to produce the precise contextual meaning
of the original within the constraints of the target language grammatical structures is
called faithful translation.
d. Semantic translation:
Semantic translation is the translation method which differs from 'faithful
translation' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the
source language text.
Another group focuses on the target language emphasis and also consists of four
kinds of translation methods. These are the methods:
a. Adaptation
It is kinds of translation method which is the freest form of translation, and is used
mainly for expressive text. The source language culture is converted to the target
language culture and the text is rewritten.
b. Free translation
Free translation is the translation method which produces the target language text
without the style, form, or content of original.
c. Idiomatic translation
Is the translation method that reproduces the 'message' of the original but tends to
distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not
exist in the original.
d. Communicative translation
The translation method that attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the
original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and
comprehensible to the readership is called communicative translation.
 7

Picture 2.1 V Diagram of Translation Methods by Newmark (1998)

During the translation project, some procedures are needed by the translator in order to
handle the translation process. According to Nida (1964:241) there are two kinds of
procedures that the translator can used during their project, these are procedure of
translation by Nida (1964):
a. Technical Procedure
The technical procedure consists of three phases such as analysis the source and
target language, study due to the source language text before making an effort to
translate it and making a determination of equivalence between the source language
and target language.
b. Organizational Procedure
The technical procedure applied to all types of translating, but there are different
types of procedural problem. The organizational procedure involved general
organization such work, whether translation by a single or one person, and also as in
many instances or committee. The implication is that the most important different
between translation by one person and by the committee can be related to the fact that
the revision is most often carried out by the committee, because usually larger
constituencies have more personal interest. In this condition, there are more people who
have to be consulted, or who think they should be consulted.
Based on the explanation above, the writer could summarize that each expert has
their own methods and procedures in conducting a translation project. All of them try
to make a result of the translation as idiomatic as the original text and all of the idea
from the source text transferred perfectly so that the readers will understand and catch
 8

the idea easily. There is no best methods and procedures for the translation project. It
is depends on the translator’s need during this translation project so that the writer will
use some of the procedure above.

2.4 The Process of Translation

Nida and Taber’s translation process includes three phases. It is analysis, transfer,
and restructuring. It improved by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:19) and produces
four phases of translation process. They are analysis or understanding the text,
transferring the idea, reconstruction, then evaluation and also revision.

Picture 2.2 Nida and Taber’s translation process that have already improved by
Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:19)

For the details, here is the explanation from the picture above.
1. Analysis and understanding the source text.
In this phase, the source text should be analyzed based on the grammatical
structure, the meaning of words and the combination, textual and contextual meaning.
2. Transferring the idea from the source text to the target language.
After the source text has been analyzed, the next phase is transferring the idea into
the target language. In this phase there has been no result of the translation project.
 9

3. Reconstruction.
The translator tried to find the suitable words, phrases, and the sentence structures
that can be represent the meaning of the source text in this phase.
4. Evaluation and revision.
After all the texts have already translated into the target language, the result of the
translation process will be evaluated and re-matched with the original one. If there is
something inappropriate, the evaluation and the revision is needed to make it better.
Another translation process is come from Banjar (2009). He devided the translation
process into three phases:

1) Analysis of the source text.

This phase, focus on complete understanding about the source text itself. Some
steps that have to be done in this phase are general reading of the source text,
underlining the unfamiliar words, looking up the difficult word in a dictionary,
understanding the difficult word and get the point of view of the source text.
2) Transfer of the text into the target language.
This phase focus on writing a draft translation of the text into the target language,
paying a special attention to the grammar and the spelling of the target text, including
all the details mentioned in the source text, and trying to make the target text as original
as possible and sound natural not translated.
3) Revision of the translation result.
It aims to give a correct and a final translation as a target text. When the result of
the translation is completed, editing will make the result can be better. Here the steps
in editing process:
a) Make sure that all the details of the source text are found in the target text.
b) Check the spelling and the grammar of the target text.
c) Try to make the translated version sounds natural in the target language
form.
 10

d) Read the translation after finishing the correction without referring to the
source text to emphasize the naturalness of the target text.
Both of the translation process explained above actually almost the same. The
process of Banjar does not state a reconstruction phase but in the phase of transferring
idea of the source, the similar activity like in the reconstruction phase by Nida and
Taber are also carried out. Based on the writer’s opinion, the process of Banjar here is
more practical during the translation process.
 11

CHAPTER 3. METHODS

This chapter explains about the method of the writer that will be conduct the final
project. It contains short description of the product, source of the translation, duration
of the project, and process of the translation.

3.1 Short Description of Product

The final result of this project is an Introduction to Algorithms Second Edition
Chapter 2 that has been translated in to Bahasa Indonesia. This book delivers about
many concepts about algorithm materials and in Chapter 2 explains about Sorting and
Order Statistics. The writer focuses to translate on page 123-140. After finishing this
final project, the product of translation can be shared with IT Department in PDF.

3.2 Source of Translation

This following table will describe translation source completely.
Table 3.1 the Detail Information of the Translation Source
No. Source of Translation
1 Type of Translation Source Book in field of Information Technology
2 Title Introduction to Algorithms Second Edition
3 Topic Sorting and Order Statistics
4 Years of Publication 2001
5 Name of Author Thomas H. Cormen
Charles E. Leiserson
Ronald L. Riverst
Clifford Stein
6 City of Publicity Cambridge, Massachustts London, England
 12

3.3 Duration of the Project

This final project will be done in 9 months. It is starting from October 2018 and
will be finished in June 2019.

3.4 The Translation Activity

There are two kinds of translation process in Chapter 2. The writer wiil use the
translation process proposed by Banjar (2009) that include three phases.
a. Analysis of the source text.
In this phase, the writer will get a complete understanding about the text by reading
the text intensively, underlining the unfamiliar words, then try to find the meaning of
the unfamiliar word by understanding meaning from the context and checking meaning
in the dictionary and finally the writer wiil get the idea of the source text. Reading the
text intensively will help the translator understand about the content of the source text
better. During the intensive reading, the translator will be able to identify the difficult
and unfamiliar word that can be the problem in understanding the massage of the text.
Then as the result of this activity the writer will get the idea from this Textbook.
b. Transferring the analyze text into the target language.
In this phase, the writer will focus on finding the equivalence meaning in the target
language. The writer will write the draft of translation of the text into the target
language then paying more attention into the spelling and the grammatical structure of
the text, the writer will ensure all of the detail information of the source text included
in the draft and finally triy to make the target text as original as possible and sound
natural with the source text. In this step the writer will adapt some methods and
procedures to get the understandable meaning in target language. At the end of this
process, it can be changing the result of analyzing phase to be more suitable with the
SL context.
 13

c. Revising the translation result.

After getting the translation result, the writer will complete to make a correction
for this final translation. The writer rereading the result of the translation generally to
make sure that the translation result can be understand or not, and proof reading by the
supervisor of this final project, as well as by the lecturer and students from the
Information Technology Department, Politeknik Negeri Jember. The reviewer will
check about the sentence structure, spelling, punctuation, diction, and also the content
of the text whether it has been appropriate with the context of Information
Technology’s field. By finishing this step the writer will able to revise the result of her
translation become more acceptable.
 14

REFERENCES
Banjar, S. Y. 2009. Translation is a process. http://www.ump.ac.id/Figur-
493mengenal.kompetensi.penerjemahan..translation.competence.html. [July
19th, 2017].
Crystal, D. 2003. English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Mazenod, A. 2017. Lost in Translation? Comparative Education Research and the
Production of Academic Knowledge. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and
International education. 1-18.
Hatim, B. and J. Munday. 2008. Introducing translation studies: Theories and
Application (2nd edition). London and New York: Routledge.
Hatim, B. and J. Munday. 2004. Translation An Advance Resource Book.
(Eds.Christopher N. Candlin and Ronald Carter). P. 3. USA and Canada:
Routledge.
Newmark, P. 1988. Approaches to Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall.

Nida, E. A. 1964. Towards a Science of Translation, with Special Reference to

Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating. Leiden: Brill.
Ordudari, M. 2007. Translation Procedures, Strategies, and Methods. Translation
Journal. 11 (3).
Suryawinata, Z., and Heriyanto, S. 2003. Translation: Bahasa Teori & Penuntun
Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Weijen, D. V. 2012. The Language of (future) Scientific Communication.
http://www.researchtrends.com/issue-31-November-2012/the-language-of-future-
scientific-communication/. [July 19th, 2017].
 15

Appendix 1. Question list of interview with lecturer for preliminary study

1. Seberapa penting buku itu digunakan?

2. Apakah hanya ibu Maya yang menggunakan buku tersebut?
3. Kendala apa saja yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa dalam menggunakan buku
tersebut?
4. Apa yang sudah dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut?
5. Bagaimana penggunaan buku tersebut sebelumnya?
6. Media apa saja yang digunakan selain buku tersebut?
7. Apakah buku ini benar-benar dibutuhkan untuk diterjdemahkan?
8. Apa isi dari buku tersebut?
 16

Appendix 2. Question list of interview with the students for preliminary study

1. Apakah buku introduction to algorithms digunakan di kelas teori dan kelas

praktek?
2. Apakah mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami isi dari buku tersebut?
3. Bagaimana memahami buku tersebut sebelumnya?
4. Apakah sangat membantu apabila isi buku tersebut diterjdemahkan dalam Bahasa
Indonesia?
5. Apa isi dari buku tersebut?
 ii

Appendix 3. Timetable

Months
Activities October November December January February March April May Juny
2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Writing the
proposal
Conducting
seminar
Revising
Proposal
Making the
product
Writing the
report
Conducting
examination
Revising the
report and
product
Binding
 3

Appendix 4. Budget
No Items Amount

1. Making Proposal Rp 50.000

2. Print of the Source Text Rp 50.000

4. Stationary ( pen, correction pen, Rp 20.000

highlighter)
5. Binding Rp 300.000

Total Amount Rp 420.000