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Crime-Scene
Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Introduction
Objectives
Summarize Locard’s exchange principle
Identify four examples of trace evidence
Distinguish between direct and circumstantial evidence
Identify the type of professionals who are present at a crime
scene
Summarize the seven steps of a crime-scene investigator
Explain the importance of securing the crime scene
Identify the methods by which a crime scene is documented
Demonstrate the proper technique in collecting and packaging
trace evidence
Describe how evidence from a crime scene is analyzed
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Introduction
Direct evidence
First hand observation
(eyewitnesses or video)
Confessions
Circumstantial evidence
Indirect evidence, only
actually seen left behind
by the suspect and victim
Can be physical or
biological
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Types of Evidence
Examples of Physical
evidence
Fingerprints
Footprints
Shoe prints
Tire impressions
Tool marks
Fibers
Weapons
Bullets
Shell casings
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Types of Evidence
Examples of Biological
Evidence
Body fluids
Hair
Plant parts
Natural fibers
Reduces suspects to a
very small number, or
likely individual
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Types of Evidence
Trace evidence
Circumstantial evidence
Hair found on a brush,
fingerprints on a glass, blood
drops on a shirt, soil tracked in
to a house on shoes
Class evidence
Narrows an identity to a group
of persons or things
Ex. Blood typing
Individual evidence
Narrows an identity to a single
person or thing.
Ex. Fingerprint
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
The Crime Scene Investigation Team
Police officers
First to arrive, may need a district
attorney to obtain a search warrant
Crime scene investigators
Document the crime scene, collect
physical evidence, record data,
sketch the scene, and photograph
the scene
Medical examiners (coroners)
Determine time of death when a
homicide occurs
Detectives
Interview witnesses and talk to
crime scene investigators about the
evidence
Specialists
Ex. Entomologists, forensic
scientists, and forensic
psychologist
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
The Seven S’s of Crime Scene Investigation
Then:
10. The container is given to the next person
responsible for its care.
11. It is taken to the lab to a technician who opens
the packaged for examination at a location
other than the sealed edge.
12. It is repackaged in the original packaging and
is resealed. The technician would then sign
the chain of custody log.
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
DNA Collection and Packaging
Examples:
Arson, a perpetrator stages a fire to commit another
crime
Suicide/murder, a victim is murdered and the
perpetrator stages the scene to look like suicide
Burglary, burglary is staged for insurance money
Chapter 2. Crime-Scene Investigation and Evidence
Collection
Review