Electrical Sciences

EEE F111

Dr. A. Amalin Prince

BITS - Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Lecture – 1,2
Basic Circuit Elements and Laws: Independent and dependent sources,
resistors, KVL and KCL

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Motivation
 What is Engineering?

 What is electrical Engineering?

 What is the difference between electrical and electronics?

 Electric circuit or network?

 Circuit element?

 Circuit analysis?

 What is electricity?

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Some History

Thales of Miletus (c. 620 B.C.E.—c. 546 B.C.E.) First Greatest American Electrical Scientist

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Some History

Alessandro Antonio Volta (1745–1827)

Invention of electric battery in 1800, given steady state current

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Circuit Elements

 Active elements

 Current source and voltage source

 Dependent and independent source

 Passive elements

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Voltage Source

Alessandro Antonio Volta (1745–1827)

A voltage source places a constraint on the voltage across its terminals-there is no

constraint on the current through a voltage source

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Current Source

Andre-Marie Ampere (1775–1836)

A current source places a constraint on the current through it-there is no constraint

on the voltage across a current source.

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Resistors and Ohm’s Law

Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854)

I=V/R I
V
= Current (Amperes) (amps)
= Voltage (Volts)
R = Resistance (ohms)

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Resistance and Conductance

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How you should be thinking
about electric circuits:

Voltage: a force that

pushes the current
through the circuit (in
this picture it would be
equivalent to gravity)

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How you should be thinking
about electric circuits:

Resistance: friction that

impedes flow of current
through the circuit
(rocks in the river)

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How you should be thinking
about electric circuits:

Current: the actual

“substance” that is
flowing through the
wires of the circuit
(electrons!)
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Power and Energy

Instantaneous Power

Find the power across the load?

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Sign Convention

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Short Circuits

A zero-ohm resistor is equivalent to an ideal voltage source whose value is zero volts

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Open Circuits

An infinite resistance is equivalent to an ideal current source whose value is zero amperes.

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Dependent or Controlled Sources

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Example Problem

Calculate the power supplied or absorbed by each

element

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Electricity

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Some History

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931)

First Electrical Engineer

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Kirchhoff’s Laws

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Kirchhoff’s Laws

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Combining Sources::Voltage Source

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Combining Sources::Current Source

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Example Problem

For the circuit in Figure, find voltages v1 and v2

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Example Problem
Determine vo and i in the circuit shown in Figure

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Series Resistors And Voltage Division

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Parallel Resistors And Current Division

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Applications: Lighting Systems

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Questions ?

Thank you for your attention

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