Name of the Gastroenteritis

Disease
Causative Viral Bacterial
organism Rotavirus Escherichia coli
Norovirus Salmonella enterica
Parasite (Typhi/Paratyphi)
Entamoeba histolytica Shigella sp.
Giardia lamblia
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complication

Escherichia coli
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease Gastroenteritis
Symptoms of Watery diarrhea, except for STEC and EIEC can cause bloody
disease diarrhea
Sample Stool, blood
Type of bacteria Small intestine
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Large intestine
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Laboratory Stain : Gram – bacilli
diagnostic feature Culture : MacConkey agar, EMB agar, sorbitol MacConkey
(O157:H7)
Biochemical test :
1. Fast lactose fermenter +
2. Oxidase -
Virulence factor and Common antigen : O antigen (polysaccharide), core
pathogenicity polysaccharide, H antigen (flagella)

ETEC  heat-labile toxin (LT-1) (mirip cholera toxin), heat-stable

toxin (STa) traveller’s diarrhea
EPEC  BFP, intimin  microcolonisation
EAEC  EA heat-stable toxin, aggregative adherence fimbriae
(AAF)  chronic diarrhea, growth retardation in children
STEC/EHEC  Shiga toxin (Stx1, Stx2), BFP, intimin  similar to
Shigella infection, serotype O157:H7
EIEC  invasive plasmid antigen, hemolysin (HlyA)  move like
Listeria (actin tails)
Treatment
Complications STEC  HUS, hemorrhagic colitis

Salmonella enterica
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease Enteric fever (typhoid fever), gastroenteritis
Symptoms of Watery diarrhea, stepladder fever, constipation before diarrhea
disease Asymptomatic carrier
Results from ingestion of contaminated food (dairy, poultry, eggs)
or from carrier
Sample Stool, blood, bile
Type of bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhi
Salmonella enterica serovar. Paratyphi
Laboratory Stain : Gram – bacilli
diagnostic feature Culture : MacConkey agar, SS agar
Biochemical test :
1. Oxidase –
2. Non lactose fermenter
3. H2S production on TSI agar
Virulence factor and Salmonella-secreted invasion proteins (Ssps), type III secretion
pathogenicity system
Treatment

Shigella sp.
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease Gastroenteritis, dysentery
Symptoms of Bloody diarrhea, lower abdominal cramps, tenesmus, watery
disease diarrhea (first sign)
Transmitted from person to person from contaminated hands,
water, food
Asymptomatic carrier
Sample Stool, blood, bile
Type of bacteria S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii
Laboratory Stain : Gram – bacilli
diagnostic feature Culture : MacConkey agar, SS agar
Biochemical test :
1. Oxidase –
2. Non lactose fermenter
3. No H2S production on TSI agar
Virulence factor and Shiga toxin
pathogenicity
Treatment
Complication HUS

Vibrio cholerae
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease Cholera (O139), gastroenteritis (O1)
Symptoms of Abrupt onset watery diarrhea, rice water stool, severe
disease dehydration, electrolyte disturbance, metabolic acidosis, no fever
From contaminated water, food, seafood
Sample Stool
Laboratory Stain : Gram – comma shaped bacteria
diagnostic feature Culture : TCBS, alkaline peptone broth
Virulence factor and Cholera toxin
pathogenicity
Treatment Azithromycin + rehydration
Complication Hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrythmia

Campylobacter jejuni
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease Gastroenteritis
Symptoms of Watery diarrhea
disease
Sample Stool
Laboratory
diagnostic feature
Virulence factor and
pathogenicity
Treatment
Complication GBS

Helicobacter pylori
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease
Symptoms of
disease
Sample Stool
Laboratory
diagnostic feature
Virulence factor and
pathogenicity
Treatment
Complication
Prevention

Yersinia enterocolitica
Type of infectious Bacteria
Type of disease Appendicitis,
Symptoms of
disease
Sample Stool, appendix
Laboratory Culture : grow at 4oC
diagnostic feature
Virulence factor and
pathogenicity
Treatment
Complication
Prevention