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Limousine
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This article is about limousine cars. For the band, see The Limousines. For the former administrative
region of France, see Limousin.

1908 Studebaker limousine (note the open driver's compartment)

1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

Hummer H2-based stretch limousine (circa 2005)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/)[1] is a luxury vehicle driven by a chauffeur with a

partition between the driver's compartment and the passenger's compartment.

A car with a partition and a greatly lengthened wheelbase is called a "stretch limousine".

In some countries, a "limousine service" is a pre-booked hire car with driver, regardless of the
type of vehicle.

In German-speaking countries, a Limousine is simply a sedan, while a lengthened-wheelbase car

is called Stretch-Limousine.

Contents
 1 Etymology
 2 History
 3 Characteristics

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 o 3.1 Stretch limousines
o 3.2 Novelty limousines
 4 United States
 5 United Kingdom
 6 Current limousine production
 7 "Limousine service" hire cars
 8 See also
 9 References

Etymology

The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin. A particular type of
carriage hood or roof physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds
there.[2][3]

An alternate etymology has the chauffeur wearing a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's
compartment, for protection from the weather.[4]

The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over
the chauffeur.[2]

History

Rich owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their own private
compartment leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived
the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition
of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five
inside, with driver's seat outside".[5]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the
driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[6](p103) The limousine-landaulet
variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear
passenger seat.[6](p100).

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline defined as "a
limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, defined as "a limousine
with no roof over the driver's seat."[5]

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 

Diagram showing an exposed driver's seat

1915 Winton Six Limousine- note the open driver's compartment

1941 Lincoln Custom limousine interior

Characteristics

The limousine body style has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger
compartment.[4][6](p96) This partition includes a usually openable glass section so passengers may
see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the window in the
partition or by using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles, in order to provide extra legroom in the passenger
compartment. There will usually be occasional or jump seat at the front of the compartment
(either forwards-facing, rear-facing or able to face either direction).

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 

Official state car of Queen Elizabeth II

Passenger compartment of Queen Elizabeth's car with jump seats folded down

Cadillac One limousine of the President of the United States

Stretch limousines

Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than normal limousines, usually in order to accommodate more
passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by a coach company
named Armbruster. Armbruster's cars were primarily used to transport famous "big band"
leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their bands and equipment. These early
stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars
"extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger people movers were used by
hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations and tour companies.[7]

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Novelty limousines

A variety of vehicles have been converted into novelty limousines.[8] They are used for weddings,
parties and other social occasions.[9] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in
bright colours, such as purple or pink.[10]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen
Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are even instances of Corvettes, Ferraris and Mini
Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

Volkswagen Beetle limousine

Lada limousine in Cuba

Trabant limousine

United States

Lincoln Navigator stretch limousine

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The last production limousine, by Cadillac, with forward-facing jump seats was in 1987 (with
their Fleetwood Series 75 model), the last Packard in 1954, and the last Lincoln in 1939, though
Lincoln has offered limousines through their dealers as special order vehicles at times. Several
Lincoln Premier cars were also built, one being owned by Elvis Presley. Vehicles of this type in
private use may contain expensive audio players, televisions, video players, and bars, often with
refrigerators. The President of the United States has ridden in a variety of types of limousine
stretching back to 1899.[11]

In the United States the most popular vehicles for stretch limousines conversion are the Lincoln
Town Car, Cadillac XTS, Cadillac Escalade, Chrysler 300, Hummer H2, Ford Excursion, and the
Lincoln Navigator.

United Kingdom

Division in a 1993 Bentley Turbo R

The division in a London cab, black occasional seats folded up to bulkhead

Due to the partition behind the driver, the London black cabs are a type of limousine. The jump
seats, also referred to as taxi-tip-seats, usually carry advertising on the underside; the
advertisements are visible to the passengers when the tip-seats are not in use.

Current limousine production

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Limousines currently produced by vehicle manufacturers include:

 Cadillac One‡
 Cadillac XTS Limousine

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  Chrysler 300 Limousine
 Great Wall Hover π
 FAW Hongqi Limousine
 Hyundai Equus Limousine
 IKCO Samand Sarir
 Lincoln MKS Limousine
 Lincoln MKT Livery
 Lincoln Navigator L
 Lincoln Town Car Limousine
 Mitsubishi Dignity
 SsangYong Chairman W Limousine
 Toyota Century Royal‡
 Aurus Senat Limousine‡
 Proton Perdana Limousine‡
 Proton chancellor‡

‡ = Only available for government customers

"Limousine service" hire cars

In the U.S., Canada and Australia, "limousine service" (also known as "car service") is the
process of pre-booked hire of any car with a driver. The car is usually a luxury car, but not
necessarily a limousine.

The difference between a limousine service and a taxi service is that limousines are pre-booked
and cannot be hired on the spot.

See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Limousines.

 Transport portal

 Car classification
 Chauffeur
 Luxury vehicle
 Official state car
 Party bus

References
1.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/limousine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine

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Limousine
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Không nên nhầm lẫn với Limousin.

Ảnh chiếc Lincoln Town Car

Limousine là một loại xe hơi sedan cao cấp với nội thất và khoang tách biệt giữa ghế ngồi và
ghế lái. Limousine thường được thiết kế thân dài với khoảng cách lớn giữa các bánh xe. Cho dù
thường được gán cho khái niệm xe hơi cao cấp, khái niệm "Limousine" còn được sử dụng ở một
số quốc gia để nói về tiêu chuẩn thiết kế xe sedan.

https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine

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