NATIONAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, K.R.NAGAR – 628 503.

(An Autonomous Institution – Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

B.E Degree Examination
Department of Mechanical Engineering
15ME55C- Instrumentation, Mechanical Measurements and Control
PART -A
Unit -1

1. What is the SI unit of Pressure, Power, Light intensity and Force

2. What is the need of instrumentation and control for a mechanical engineer?
3. What is the SI unit of force and energy?
4. What is indirect method of measurement?
5. Define precision
6. Define Accuracy
7. Match the following
a) Sensitivity i) Output changes with respect to changes in input
b) Precision ii) Least count of an instrument
c) Resolution iii) The number of significant digits to which a
value has been reliably measured.
d) Accuracy iv) Closeness to the true value

8. List the fundamental method of measurement with an example

9. List the various errors occurred in the measurement system
10. List the different types of error in the measurement system.
11. What is meant by calibration of an instrument?
12. How the uncertainty of an instrument is estimated?
13. What are the basic elements of a generalized measurement system?
14. List any four Static characteristics of a measuring system.
15. Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurements.
16. How is the international standard of length is defined?
17. What is a primary sensing element?
18. Mention the basic requirements of measurement.
19. What are the sources of error?
20. Define sensitivity.
21. What is environmental error?
22. Distinguish ‘Range’ and ‘Span’ of an instrument.
23. Why the knowledge of instrumentation and control is required for a
mechanical engineer?
24. Define measurement.
25. Write the needs of measurement.
26. Draw the block diagram of generalised measuring system.
27. Draw the block diagram of human body temperature measuring system.
28. Compare the sensor and transducer.
29. Write the types of input quantities.
30. Compare the types of input quantities.
31. What is uncertainty?
 Unit -2
1. List the various sensors used for pressure measurement.
2. Define Gauge pressure and absolute pressure
3. Match the following
1. Very high pressure measuring a) Bulk modulus
instrument
2. Very low pressure measuring b) Thermal conductivity
instrument gauge
3. Pressure measurement based on c) Bourdon tube
mechanical output
d) Elastic diaphragm
transducer
4. Which is the best measuring instrument to measure flow rate of high
viscosity and non-conductive fluid.
5.
6. How does an optical level device works?
7. What is meant by the Particle Image Velocimetry?
8. How will you measure the sludge level in the well using optical device?
9. Identify the level measuring instruments to measure the Milk level (opaque
liquids) and how it measures?
10. State boyles law
11. What is LDA?
12. List the different units of pressure measurements.
13. Mention three elastic materials which are used for pressure measurement.
14. What is the use of Pirani gauge?
15. Name various pressured thermometer.
16. State the working principle of pitot tube.
17. How is increasing the range of pressure measurement used by bellows?
18. Differentiate the Pirani and thermocouple gauge.
19. Which flow meter is suitable for bidirectional flow of liquid? justify.
20. List the advantages and disadvantage of Venturi tube.
21. How does an optical level device works?
22. Specify the various liquid level sensors.
23. Define Pressure.
24. Name few Primary pressure sensing elements.
25. What is differential pressure transmitter?
26. Write any four types of Manometer.
27. Write the types of elastic transducer.
28. Name the thermal conductivity gauges.
29. Write the working principle of U-tube manometer.
30. Define Flow.
31. Write the working principle of Electromagnetic Flow meter.
32. List the types of Level measurement method.

Unit -3
1. List various transducers used for acceleration measurement?
2. Calculate the resistance value of the RTD-PT100 at 100°C. Assume α
as 0.00385/°C
3. Compare the Resistance Temperature Detector and Thermistor
4. Match the suitable temperature measuring instruments for the
requirement
Requirement Transducer
To measure the temperature up to 1000 degree Thermocouple
Celsius
To measure the temperature upto 100 degree Thermistor
with 1degree changes
To measure the temperature upto 100 degree RTD
with 0.01% error
Pyrometer
5. How will you convert the RTD output into its proportional voltage to
display the temperature in LCD using embedded controller?
6. How will you increase the sensitivity of thermocouple?
7. Which temperature sensor is the best for the measurement of
temperature without direct contact on the temperature body?
8. What is piezo electric effect?
9. What is seed beck effect?
10. Which temperature measuring instrument is best to measure minimum
variation in temperature? Why?
11. Write the output equation of thermocouple
12. Write the output equation of thermistor
13. Write the output equation of RTD
14. What is thermopile?
15. Compare optical pyrometer with total radiation pyrometer
16. Why three wire RTD is better than two wire RTD?
17. How liquid in glass thermometer measures the temperature?
18. How pressure thermometer measures the temperature?
19. List the advantages and disadvantages of liquid in glass thermometer
to measure the temperature?
20. List the several units of temperature measurements.
21. What are the different recognized fixed points in temperature scaling?
22. Name the various temperature measuring instruments.
23. Mention the advantages and disadvantage of mercury filled
thermometer?
24. List the different types of the filled thermometer.
25. How the error in RTD addressed during the configuration?
26. List the merits of the thermistor
27. State the Peltier effect.
28. How the intermediate metal will not affect the net emf of the
thermocouple?
29. Why protective sheath is used in Thermocouple?
30. What is the need for cold junction compensation?
31. How will you perform temperature measurement of moving objects of
high temperature?
32. Write the temperature range and application of total radiation
pyrometer.
33. What is seismic Instrument?
34. Mention the quantities required to be measured in Vibrating system?
35. Define vibration.
 36. Differentiate the speed and velocity.
37. How is the speed related with acceleration?
38. Define temperature.
39. What is capillary effect?
40. How does the thermometer measure the temperature?
Unit -4
1 List the displacement transducer.
2 List the types of strain gauge.
3 What is telemetry?
4 A metal foil strain gauge is used to measure the strain. The gauge factor
and actual resistance at normal condition is 2 and 120. When strain
is applied on the metal, its resistance changes to 140. What is the
actual strain applied on the system?
5 For the measurement of rotary displacement, a potentiometer with
voltage divider circuit is used. The maximum displacement is 360
degree. If the output of the voltage divider circuit is 25% of the input
5 volt, then what is the value of actual displacement?
6 What is Helipot?
7 What is smart sensor?
8 List the features of smart sensor?
9 Determine the resistance of the metal which have cross sectional
area, length and conductivity 2cm2, 1m and 5.5µS/m respectively
10 List any two application of proximity sensor
11 What is LVDT?
12 What is the working principle of capacitance transducer?
13 What is the relation between the Torque and speed?
14 How does touch screen of mobile phone works?
15 What is the working principle of tacho generator?
16 What is integrated sensor?
17 List the basic components in the smart sensor
18 How will you convert a sensor into smart sensor?
19 Give some applications of capacitive transducer.
20 What is the working principle of Pizeo-resistive sensor?
21 How can you improve the sensitivity of the strain gauge bridge?
22 Define the gauge factor of a strain gauge.
23 Plot the relationship between displacement and output voltage of the
LVDT.
24 What is the principle of operation of variable reluctance transducers?
25 List the two torque measuring methods.
26 How is the speed of the vehicle measured?
27 What is the relation between the Torque and speed?
28 What is displacement?
29 Write the difference between displacement and distance.
30 Write few industrial applications of displacement measurement.
31 Brief about Proximity sensor.
32 Write the relationship between speed and displacement.
33 How are industrial parameters transmitted from the field to control
room?
34 Write the purposes of integrated sensors.
35 What is Rosette?
36 Define torque.
37 Write the industrial applications of torque measurement.
38 Write the working principle of tacho generator.
39 List the types of proximity sensor.
40 What is the purpose of Proximity sensor in Industries? (CO4-K1)
41 Write the purposes of integrated sensors. (CO4-K1)
42 Write the working principle of Inductive type Proximity sensor.
(CO4-K1)

Unit -5
1 List the advantages and disadvantages of open loop system.
2 List the advantages and disadvantages of closed loop system.
3 Compare open loop system with closed loop system.
4 What is MIMO system?
5 List the basic elements of closed loop system.
6 Write the output equation of PID controller.
7 Write the output equation of PI controller.
8 Sketch the characteristics of PID controller.
9 Sketch the characteristics of PI controller.
10 Sketch the characteristics of P controller.
11 What is sampled data?
12 What are the advantages of digital control over analog control?
13 Why lag compensation is required in closed loop system?
14 Why lead compensation is required in closed loop system?
15 Which controller is best to eliminate the offset and reduces the peak
overshoot?
16 Sketch the lead compensation electrical network
17 Sketch the lag compensation electrical network
18 Identify the controller which is used to control the liquid level of
tank. Assume that Exact setpoint level control is not required.
19 The speed control of table fan, Is an open loop system or closed loop
system, justify.
20 Draw the block diagram of open loop and closed loop system.
21 Differentiate controlled and manipulated variables
22 Specify the necessity of the compensation.
23 What is meant by sampled data?
24 What are the basic elements of control system? (CO5-K1)
25 What do you mean by Open Loop control system? (CO5-K1)
26 Write the advantages of Closed Loop control system. (CO5-K1)
27 Sun rises in the east and sets in the west, earth revolves around sun –
are these process open loop or closed loop? State the reason.
28 Mention a naturally existing closed loop system with justification.
29 Draw a block diagram for automatically controlling the speed of a
car.
30 What is sampling?
31 What do you mean by controller?
32 List few electronic controllers.
33 What is set point?
34 Draw a block diagram of simple closed loop temperature control
system.
35 What is the purpose of comparison element in closed loop control
system?
36 Differentiate the positive and negative feedback.
37 List the parameters involved in controlling the level of water in tank.
38 Write the difference between single and multi-variable control
system.
39 What is the necessity of compensation in control loop?
40 Write the types of compensation used in control loops.
41 Why is the PID controller called as three-term controller?