Why do we need to formulate a policy? How do we formulate a policy?

Explain how our policies affect the education of one country.

We need to formulate a policy because it provide a guide toward accepted

strategies and objectives. In other words, it is a direct link between an organization’s ‘Vision’

and their day-to-day operations.

Policies help and guide the actions of all individuals involved in the service. It ensure

and endorse the well-being of all families, children, staff, volunteers and everyone who is

connected to the service. When policies and procedures are well thought out and, most

importantly, implemented they provide common understanding and agreement on how

things should be done at the service. Procedures provide clear instructions and guidelines on

what should/must be done in a particular set of circumstances or with regard to a particular

issue.

It is important the citizens are literate, socially responsible, useful, patriotic, and

righteous and law abiding. It is in this government through the constitution and the other laws

of the land has established a comprehensive educational system purportedly premised of

educating the Filipino citizens. The increase in the figure of enrolment and the increasing cost

of operation, the difficulty of resources allocation in a period of economic stress, the

demand of teachers, instructors and professors for higher salaries and wages, the high cost

of maintenance of school plant and the avalanching of changes brought about by the era

of information and technology or IT have occupied school priority particularly the students’

attention have been divided and this leaves the schools, teachers, administrators and

students with very little time to browse on current educational laws statutes, judicial and

legal issues and opinions affecting education.

The procedures for introducing legislation and seeing it through committees are similar in

both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

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 Legislative proposals originate in a number of different ways. Members of the Senate, of

course, develop ideas for legislation. Technical assistance in research and drafting legislative

language is available at the Senate Legislative Technical Affairs Bureau. Special interest

groups—business, religious, labor, urban and rural poor, consumers, trade association, and

the like—are other fertile sources of legislation. Constituents, either as individuals or groups,

also may propose legislation. Frequently, a member of the Senate will introduce such a bill

by request, whether or not he supports its purposes.

It must be noted also that much of the needed legislation of the country today

considered by Congress originates from the executive branch. Each year after the President

of the Philippines outlines his legislative program in his State-of-the-Nation Address, executive

departments and agencies transmit to the House and the Senate draft s of proposed

legislations to carry out the President’s program.

No matter where a legislative proposal originates, it can be introduced only by a

member of Congress. In the Senate, a member may introduce any of several types of bills

and resolutions by filing it with the Office of the Secretary.

There is no limit to the number of bills a member may introduce. House and Senate bills

may have joint sponsorship and carry several members' names.

Major legislation is often introduced in both houses in the form of companion (identical)

bills, the purpose of which is to speed up the legislative process by encouraging both

chambers to consider the measure simultaneously. Sponsors of companion bills may also

hope to dramatize the importance or urgency of the issue and show broad support for the

legislation.

We can formulate policy by: first define the problem, the issue that needs to be

addressed, next an individual or group that is influential in forming a plan to address the

problem in question and last a policy to finalized course of action decided upon by the

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government; widely open to interpretation by NGO players and private sector including

church and cultural institutions

Politicians and public servants are accountable to the public, elites in politics and

private sector, do not have the right to pursue their interest without constraints. Government

bureaucratic and decision processes must be open, accessible and transparent as well as

responsive to public. Individuals and communities affected by projects have the right to

information regarding proposed developments; the right to challenge the need for, and the

design of, projects, and the right to be involved in planning and decision making processes.

Government agencies usually send program proposals to the legislature for its

consideration. Agency personnel are often called upon to provide testimony regarding

particular proposals due to their expertise on public issues.

When relationship among interest groups, agency personnel and members of

Congress become strong, frequent and intense, the resulting alliance is called sub-

governments or iron triangles that oftenexert great influence.

In effect and in analogous sense, laws and governments are like the alarm clock. They

are the complete elucidation of the fact that while structures are man-made, yet structures

also make the man.” So it is with laws and governments. Men set them up and men behave

according to the spirit and intent of the laws and government of the country.

And without laws, definitely an organization will die. The government through the

Department of Education and other support agencies provide a Legal Bases of Education as

framework to a logical, rational and valid basis for educational effort and criteria in the

selection and implementation of a sound educational philosophy, thrusts and practices

attuned to the prevailing conditions.

Since education is the vital element of our life as a people and as a nation and

rightfully deserves our highest concern. The ultimate goal of education is to develop in the

system in delivering knowledge, skills, values and attitudes which man needs to alleviate

poverty and improve the quality of his life, family, community and t he whole country.
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 In policy formulation, development of formal policy (legislation, executive orders,

administrative rules etc.) that are viewed as legitimate. Procedure to a committee; a bill is

introduced and referred to committee, hearing are held, the committee reports to the larger

body, a vote is taken in both houses, a conference committee works out differences in the 2

versions, and the bill is sent to the chief executive for his signature.

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Enumerate at least 20 enabling mechanism/ policies of education in the Philippines. You may use Article IV of the Philippine Constitution 1986 as
your bases in determining your key elements. Discuss the following key elements, outcomes, strengths and weaknesses and recom mendation to
improve the said mechanism.
SWOT ANALYSIS

ENABLING
KEY ELEMENTS OUTCOMES STRENGTH WEAKNESSES RECOMMENDATION
MECHANISM
Section 2.3 RA 7687 The DOST- Provides for They have to More DOST scholarship
Maintain a system Scholarship Science Education Instit scholarships to maintain their programs must be
of scholarship programs for ute (SEI) opened talented and grades and upon implement
grants, student careers in its undergraduate deserving students graduation, they
loans programs science and scholarship programs, whose families' socio- are required to
etc. technology. namely, RA 7687 and economic status do render service to
Merit, to senior high not exceed the set the country for a
school students who cut-off values of period equivalent
wish to pursue four or certain indicators. to the number of
five-year courses in years they
science and enjoyed the
technology. scholarship.
Section 2.1 RA 10157, “Universal pre-schooling Provides equal A 6-year-old child A 6 yr. old child without
Support a “Kindergarten Program” opportunities for may proceed to any formal preschool
complete, Education Act,” The Aquino campaign Kindergarten Grade 1 without education must
adequate which makes proposed the Education to going to any form undergo an assessment
integrated system kindergarten establishment of a real effectively promote of formal before entering in
of education education the pre-school system that their physical, social, preschool or Grade1
first stage of make the pre-school emotional and kindergarten Must require all local
compulsory and available to all kids intellectual education. government units to set
mandatory regardless of their development, up a day care center in
formal education parent’s income. including values every barangay
prior to Grade 1 formation so they will
be ready for school.
Section 2.4 Republic Act No. Encouraged young To provide access to These alternative "The DepEd shall
Encourage non- 10665 people to complete secondary delivery modes encourage and
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formal, informal, This Act shall be their secondary education through will "allow promote partnership
and indigenous known as the education. the open learning students to study with concerned civil
learning systems, "Open High Enabled the learners to modality. on their own society organizations
as well as self- School System learn their alternative without having to and other service
learning, Act" delivery modes at the regularly attend providers in order to
independent, and time, place and pace classes in sustain an enabling
out -of-school which satisfies their conventional environment for
study programs circumstances and classrooms. participatory planning,
particularly those requirements budgeting, and
that respond to implementation of the
community needs OHSS-related programs
and projects.
Also, hire teachers that
will manage the centers
on a full-time basis.
Section 1. To RA 10627, or the All public and private The Students will feel Students will be It is important for the
promote the right “Anti-Bullying Act basic-education schools more secure, safe more dependent Congress to enact laws
of all citizens to students. of are mandated to adopt and convenient at to the law to which aims to lessen the
quality education 2013.” anti-bullying policies school. The "Anti- threat someone bullying cases among
accessible to all. and establish bullying Act of 2013" by blackmailing students as well as the
intervention programs is the answer of the of such false teachers which are
for both the child victim legislators to diminish accusations. often bullied by their.
and the child bully. the large amount of State will take
child abuse cases away most of the
due to the act of responsibilities of
bullying. the Parents in
disciplining his/her
child

Section 2.3 RA 10648 Mandated all state The scholarship grant State universities State universities and
Maintain a system (“Iskolar ng universities and colleges provided under the and colleges colleges should not limit
of scholarship Bayan Act of to admit and provide program shall be allow to limit the the number of student
grants, student 2014”) Iskolar ng scholarship grants to the comprised of the full number of beneficiaries in the said
loans programs Bayan Program is top 10 public high- amount of tuition students to be program as long as they
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etc. targeted to school graduates (100%) and other admitted under qualify to avail the
benefit around subject to some school fees. the Iskolar ng benefits of the Law.
eighty thousand requirements and Bayan Program
(80,000) public conditions
high school
students
nationwide.
Section 3.2 RA 10588 Palaro promoted sports Palaro serves as Problems on Much preparation and
Promote physical (“Palarong education to the youth. a jumping accommodation, arrangement are being
education and Pambansa Act It help students to see board and training schedule, and done. Palarong
encourage sports of 2013”) which their P.E. classes in a ground for many venue Pambansa must
programs, league institutionalizes different light. An student -athletes. showcase a live stream
competitions and the conduct of estimated amount of Being a national so that the audiences
amateur sports, the Palarong P130.1 million is allotted Olympics for the can be updated
Pambansa for this year’s Palarong youth, Palaro gives without going to the
Pambansa. avenues for athletes four different
to hone their skills venues. Social
and talents through media will also be
competing with utilized to promote and
each other. report on the events.
Section 2.3 Republic Act All Filipino citizens who To provide students Private uni We must need to come
Maintain a system 10931 are either currently universal access for versities would be up with the total
of scholarship Free education enrolled at the time of Tertiary Level. devastating. They number of students who
grants, student in state colleges the effectivity of this would eventually benefit from this law,
loans programs and universities Act, or shall enroll at lose their students taking into will account
etc. edged closer to any time thereafterf, and their faculties that for college next
reality after rom paying tuition for to the state school year.
President Duterte any units enrolled in any schools. They
signed into law state university or would close. The
the Universal college country would be
Access to Quality left with an all-
Tertiary state higher
Education Act. education
system.
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Section 2.1 State S. No. 812. Teaching supplies To promote and The grant of the They must conduct a
shall establish, Teaching allowance for the improve the cash allowance periodic review of the
maintain and Supplies purchased of chalks, economic status of authorized in this teaching supplies
support a Allowance Act of erasers, form, and other teachers and assist Act shall be allowance “taking into
complete, 2016 classroom supplies and them in providing limited to account the current
adequate and materials in the amount quality education to teachers who are prices of classroom
integrated system of P3,000.00 per teacher their students only engaged in supplies, and, if
of education per school year. actual classroom warranted, they must
relevant to the teaching in public recommend the
needs of the basic education. necessary increase in
people and the amount of
societ y allowance.
Section Republic Act No. Required to present To enhance and Senior Citizens The law must provide
The state shall 10912 known as earned CPD units upgrade the and licensed exemption from CPD
promote and the “Continuing before the renewal of competencies and professionals who compliance for the
upgrade the Professional Professional qualifications of are working renewal of Professional
practice of Development Identification Cards or professionals for the overseas are not Identification Card
professions in the (CPD) Act of license ID practice of their exempted from especially to those over
country. 2016” professions CPD requirement. age and professionals
who are not using their
prof. I.D card in their
field of work.
Section 3.2 To Republic Act no. NSTP was taught every -Promote civic- Students’ task in Readiness of the NSTP
teach the rights 9163 Saturday class. consciousness and d community students to conduct
and duties of An Act Nine (9) areas of evelop their physical, workers is not Community Immersion
citizenship. Establishing The program rendered in moral, spiritual, intell easy, especially program. There is a
National Service the community; like ectual andsocial on the part of need to identify the
Training Program Drug Prevention, Health well-being. those st ill in the specific activities in all
(NSTP) For Tertiary Education, Environment -To instill in the minds process of the programs fitted for
Level Students Resource Management of the young Filipinos gaining accurate the community.
and Waste Disposal the culture of perspective of
Programs. volunteerism. the dynamics of
- It doesn’t only the community.
benefit the students
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 from the said
program but also the
beneficiaries that will
be receiving the
services from the
students.
Section 2.1 State Republic Act No. ALS Non-formal to provide all Filipinos Learning sessions It is necessary to
shall establish, 9155 August Education happened the chance to have take place at the increase ALS budget to
maintain and 11, 2001 outside the classroom, access to and Community help in the build, repair
support a Governance of community-based, complete basic Learning Center and rehabilitate the
complete, Basic Education usually conducted at education in a mode or at any place community learning
adequate and Act of 2001. The community learning that fits their distinct convenient to the centers, as well as the
integrated system establishment of centers, barangay situations and needs learners such as provision of laptops to
of education the Alternative multi-purpose hall, place at the mobile teachers.
relevant to the Learning System libraries or at home, homes, church,
needs of the (ALS) managed by ALS mosque, under -If the government
people and learning facilitators, the shades of really wants to get rid of
societ y such as mobile tress and the out -of-school youth,
teachers, district ALS playground. maybe they have to
Coordinators, lower the percentage
instructional managers -Potential learner of the passing rate
at an agreed schedule in the ALS goes when it comes to the
and venue between through a scoring, so they can
the learners and screening proces cater even half of those
facilitators. who take the exam.
Section 1. To Gloria 20 barangays in various It aimed at Enrollees are Widen and develop the
promote the right Macapagal parts of the country for extending the required to take a distance learning
of all citizens to Arroyo launched the last two years, the benefits of qualifying exam program especially to
quality education Mainstreaming Strong Republic Grade education to remote to determine their the areas where
Distance School or the barangays that do entry point in the television/or school aids
Learning government’s distance not have classrooms program which cannot reach them.
program learning program has and teachers , has encompasses Focus and expand the
expanded to include made schooling distance learning beneficiaries of
more depressed villages available through modules. distance learning
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 in the Visayas and television facilities program not just the
Mindanao. put up in areas enrollees who are
where quality of qualified but also to the
education is very needy one.
low.
Section 1: protect Education Act of A highly centralized It laid the foundation The The government shall
and promote the 1901: public school system of the Philippine implementation provide numbers of
right of all citizens Act No. 74 was installed in 1901 by Public school system. of this Act teachers.
to quality the Philippine created a heavy
education at all Commission shortage of
levels and shall teachers.
take appropriate
steps to make
such education
accessible to all.

Section 2. (1) Act No. 1870 University of the Students graduated Students coming Sub-campuses shall be
Establish, maintain, Philippines has been from high school from far places established in different
and support a established have the opportunity will find difficult to places in the Philippines.
complete, to continue their reach the school
adequate, and education for free.
integrated system
of education
Section 2.4 It was only during The first school of arts Filipinos will have a Not all Filipinos The program should be
Non-formal and the latter part of and trades was chance to choose were open to all.
informal and the nineteenth founded in the other path of study. accommodated
indigenous century that province of Pampanga just the elite ones.
learning system technical/vocati and a school of
onal schools agriculture was opened
were established in Manila.
by the A school of fine arts was
Spaniards. established in 1849 and
was reorganized in 1893
into the Superior School
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 of Painting, Sculpture
and Engraving
Section 4.(1) The Act No. 2706 An act making the Maintained qualit y Because of the The government shall
State recognizes (Nov. 13, 1935) inspection and education inclusive nature of continue to support
the recognition of Private Maintained public this Act, the education despite of
complementary Schools and colleges private partnership source of funding budget shortage. In
roles of public and obligatory for the All schools is one its case of having enough
private institutions Secretary of Public (especially private) apparent budgets, highest
in the educational Instruction as to were recognized weaknesses. This is amount should be
system maintain standard of legally by the further allocated to education.
efficacy in all private government aggravated by
schools and colleges in the eruption of
the country war.
SECTION 1 REPUBLIC ACT Day care centers in the This law provided the Not all barangay Full accomplishment of
Right of all citizens 6927: Popularly Philippines to address education need of has day care the law in the whole
to quality known as Day the needs of toddlers. toddlers in center. region of Philippines.
education at all Care Law, preparation for
levels to make establishment of higher education. Establishment of Day
such levels Day Care care centers
accessible to all Centers in every
barangay for the
total
development
and protection
of a child
through
immunizations,
growth
monitoring and
other services.

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SECTION 2, REPUBLIC ACT Given funds to support The program Not sufficient Continuing support.
PARAGRAPH 3 6728: pupils included the assistance in
Establish and Popularly known Educational Service terms of changing
maintain a system as Government contracting scheme, need over the
of scholarship Assistance to the private period of time
grants, student Students and education student
loan programs, Teachers in financial assistance
subsidies, and Private and tuition fee
other incentives Education supplement
which shall be (GASTPE).
available to
deserving students
in both public and
private schools,
especially to the
underprivileged
SECTION 1 REPUBLIC ACT No college entrance Higher chance of None NCAE test results are
Right of all citizens NO. 7731: The examination in all students to go in only one part of the
to quality Act abolished universities in Philippines college. NCEE was bigger picture in
education at all the National abolished because it determining the best
levels to make College disqualified those career fit for a student.
such levels Entrance who failed to pass it Students shouldn't make
accessible to all. Examinations or from taking four-year major decisions based
NCEE to give the college courses. on NCAE results alone.
marginalized Their entire school
students a career as well as their
greater chance own goals and interests
to gain access to should be considered
college when deciding on a
education. course of study and a
career.
SECTION 5, REPUBLIC ACT Requirement to teach in This law justified the The success of the Full implementation of
PARAGRAPH 4 NO. 7836 OF Public/ Government quality of teachers’ teacher cannot CPD units
The state shall 1994: Known as Schools in the service. be measured
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enhance the right the Philippine Philippines quantitatively but
of teachers for Teachers qualitatively and
professional Professionalizatio even so the
advancement n Act of 1994, elements for the
the Act made it basis of success
mandatory for would be so
people pursuing vague that
a career in different schools
teaching to take of thoughts would
the licensure fail to agree with.
examinations
that are
administered
and regulated
by the PRC
SECTION 2, REPUBLIC ACT Reading centers in It is hereby declared It is not observed Establishment of
PARAGRAPH 4 NO. 7743 OF every barangay in the the national policy to In some Libraries in the whole
The state shall 1994 established Philippines promote the moral barangays. Philippines
encourage self- public libraries and intellectual well- Statistic shows
learning, and reading being of the people: that only 38% of
independent study centers in every elevate the literacy barangay in the
programs barangay level of every Filipino Philippines have
particularly those to the end that reading centers/
that responds to illiteracy is libraries
the community eradicated by the
needs end of the century
SECTION 2, REPUBLIC ACT Given recognition to Primarily responsible Standards are Over the period of t ime,
PARAGRAPH 1 7784 OF 1994 colleges with for the formulation of very challenging requirements to be one
Establish, maintain, Established outstanding policies that shall and so hard to of Ched’s center of
and support a Centers of performance improve the met excellence should cater
complete, Excellence and standards and the current needs in
adequate, and Teachers system of teacher education.
integrated system Education education along the
of education Council areas of instruction, Strict monitoring and
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relevant to the research and compliance to the
needs of the extension of their policies.
people and particular fields or
society courses.
Section 2.4 Promotion of Develop the skills of Filipinos will have a Not all Filipinos The program should be
Non-formal and Vocational Filipinos chance to choose are open to all.
informal and Education other path of study accommodated
indigenous because of the
learning system brutalities of the
Japanese people

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 Create at least 20 enabling mechanism/ policy of your own which you think will help the education of your
own country. Provide also its outcomes, strength, weaknesses and your own recommendation.

SWOT ANALYSIS

ENABLING
KEY ELEMENTS OUTCOMES STRENGTH WEAKNESSES RECOMMENDATION
MECHANISM
SECTION 2.4 Library For All School Because of nearby A huge amount Provide Access to a
The state shall administration areas, library helps of budget to be space for locating a
encourage self- needs to build and to support the consider in collection and creating
learning, appoints some students in their setting up and a research and reading
independent study personnel to studies.A school running a library. space
programs facilitate the library library promotes funds or other way of
particularly those such as librarian, the building a supplying materials
that responds to the room, reference knowledge-driven needed; ingenuity can
community needs books and others. community for the go a long way in
future. creating a library

SECTION 5, Full Assistance to Given funds to The program Not sufficient Continuing support.
PARAGRAPH 4 Students and support pupils included the assistance in
Non-teaching Teachers in Educational terms of
academic and Private Service contracting changing need
non-academicals Education scheme, the over the period
personnel shall private education of time
enjoy the protection student financial
of state assistance and
tuition fee
supplement
SECTION 2.4 Internet for rural The government -Internet can be many schools - build more cell sites
The state shall school areas and private sector used as a tool to continue to and fill the infrastructure
encourage self- bodies and will form learn the latest struggle with gap so we can
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learning, working groups news mostly to rural limited budgets continue to support the
independent study which will focus on areas. for acquiring country’s growth.
programs all rural sectors and -Help our learners enough desktop Computer literacy must
particularly those target community have more access computers and become mandatory for
that responds to the segments, to ensure to relevant, up-to- laptops. teacher licensure, and
community needs their compatibility. date and quality in-service ICT training for
education educators must be
materials. It also continuously improved.
provides a
database to our
educators where
they can derive
their lessons from.
SECTION 2.1 Nationwide Made school days Long preparation Lower class
Establish, maintain, uniformity of longer in the time to train our family took this
and support a school calendar. Philippines future professionals as a burden for
complete, which the
adequate, and number of
integrated system of school days is
education relevant long, that’s why
to the needs of the there is high risk
people and society of drop-out
rates at the
middle of school
year
Section 2.3 Establish Scholarship for College students Undergraduates Scholarships, on Government sources,
and maintain a the students pursuing teaching and graduate the other hand, professional associations
system of wanting to degrees are students are are often and other private
scholarship grants, become rewarded with awarded career- attached entities must provide
teachers privileged access to specific college to eligibility enough funding for
unique financial aid financial aid to standards like grants and scholarships
opportunities. pursue teaching GPA. Both are that serve education
credentials. free-money aid majors.
that doesn’t get
Paula Anjelica Rivera,MSED | ED709-POLICIES AND ISSUES OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION 16
 paid back, so
your bottom-line
impact is the
same.
SECTION 5. 4 Benefits for The school provide health- Not enough Create and maintain a
Non-teaching private school administration care service and support for budget to
academic and personnel ensure the benefits also includes school manage school
non-academicals an also the rights insurance benefits, personnel. expenses and also for
personnel shall and privileges of retirement benefits, the personnel
enjoy the protection their employees. and vacation
of state policy and last
salary increase
SECTION 1 Homogeneity of Teacher and There is a uniformity Ensure that no teacher
Right of all citizens class schedules supervisors is in setting and is scheduled for too
to quality education by level required to follow conducting a class many back-to-
at all levels to make the standard class in each level. back classes or for
such levels scheduled in all Teachers are given two classes at the same
accessible to all level. the opportunity to time.
modify lesson plans
during preparation
periods and
collaborate with
their students.
SECTION 2.1 Equal distribution to promote It limit the problems Selected and support from the local
Establish, maintain, of teachers in a education in such accessing the the chosen one governments, they must
and support a remote/isolated areas, and a serious schools, the quality will be develop a nation-wide
complete, area effort has been of education disseminate in campaign aiming at
adequate, and sustained to reduce offered in such the designated enacting a new law to
integrated system of the disparities in schools could not school without promote education in
education relevant education between to be compared to reviewing isolated areas and to
to the needs of the isolated and non- that in urban areas. his/her address. strengthen the national
people and society isolated areas. 2 subsidies for rural
schools.
SECTION 1 Standardization Student -teacher To check greater Not enough consider that the
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Right of all citizens of classroom ratio can guarantee number facilities and school/ universities more
to quality education ratio (pupils to that you get the of students per buildings to staff per student
at all levels to make teacher) attention and teacher that tend accommodate -Allow facilities
such levels support that they to have a low the students
accessible to all need to reach their achievement
highest potential.
SECTION 2.1 Feeding Program Proceeds of School feeding the program has Widen the program into
Establish, maintain, monthly from incomes from program a lack of whole elementary level
and support a Grade 1 to operations of school monthly can help stimullus to local not just in primary
complete, Grade3 canteens are also to get children into agriculture and aspect.
adequate, and allowed for school school and help to employment, -Funds to be a lot in the
integrated system of feeding. keep them there, poor program
education relevant through enhancing acceptability of
to the needs of the enrolment and the food.
people and society reducing
absenteeism
SECTION 2, Enough supply of To decrease the One book per Government Allocate the budget in
PARAGRAPH 1 textbooks in lack of books that students has a big provide and giving and distributing
Establish, maintain, public school brought immense factor in students’ supply the the books
and support a challenges upon learning. textbook and
complete, pupils and teachers reference books
adequate, and alike, to the learners
integrated system of
education relevant
to the needs of the
people and society
SECTION 1 Day Care Center Day care centers in This law provided Not all Establishment of Day
Right of all citizens nationwide the Philippines to the education barangay has care centers
to quality education address the needs need of toddlers in day care
at all levels to make of toddlers. preparation for center.
such levels higher education.
accessible to all
SECTION 2.1 Specific field of Typical teacher, Most elementary teachers assign pursue a general
Establish, maintain, specialization for wish to teach. Most education majors ed degree
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and support a the teachers to elementary school are required to to teach subject in teacher education or
complete, teach only in the programs do not complete a s for which they a more
adequate, and elementary,highs offer specialization a teaching field in have focused specialization
integrated system of chool and reas one of the four inadequate
education tertiary level aforementioned training and
disciplines. qualifications. ...
common for
major
education
reports and
studies to
include
indicators of
out -of-field
teaching
SECTION 1 Small clinic for : provide students To ensure a To contribute to these
Right of all citizens every school with free primary continuum of care variations include
to quality education treatment of high from school to student needs,
at all levels to make quality. home to community resources
such levels community health for health care,
accessible to all care provider and available funding, local
SECTION 1 Compulsory: provide for the back preference, leadership
Right of all citizens School nurses for yearly /monthly for providers of school
to quality education every public and inspection of its health services, and the
at all levels to make private school pupils by a physician view of health services
such levels held by school
accessible to all administrators and other
key decisionmakers in
the school systems.

Paula Anjelica Rivera,MSED | ED709-POLICIES AND ISSUES OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION 19