✓ Increase Performance

✓ Extend Runtime
✓ On-Site Serviceability
✓ Lower Maintenance Cost
✓ Reduce Vibration, Pulsation, & Noise
✓ 10 Year Valve Housing Warranty

1
About Zahroof Valves Inc.

ZVI is an innovative Houston based company focused on the

design, manufacturing and marketing of reciprocating compressor
valves.
ZVI’s solutions are based on its Straightflo valve:
• Modular reed technology
• Multiple patents pending in 20+ countries
Solutions across the natural gas and industrial gas value chain:
• Production, Gathering, Transition, Storage, Off-shore
• CO2, PET, Air, Process, Refining
• Multi-phase compression (including LNG, Ammonia)
Focus:
Efficiency, Reliability, Emissions, Serviceability

2
Valve Innovation
Patented modular reed valve technology

Modular Straightflo™ Design

• On-site serviceability • Increased Efficiency
• Replace individual modules as needed • Reduces Hp
• No machining for valve service • Increases Reliability
• More tolerant to debris & liquids

1st 90 deg 2nd 90 deg

turn Flow turn
Interference

3
Solutions for a Range of Applications

Standard Plug Concentric

Valve Valve Valve

Module Material Properties

Module Chemical Temp. Δ Pressure
Material Resistance Rating
N CH4, CO2, H2, N2, air 350 °F 1500 psi
M CH4, CO2, H2, N2, air 450 °F 3000 psi
X CH4, CO2, H2, N2, air, H2S 450 °F 3000 psi

Integral Cage Fork Unloader

4
Stacked Straighflo™ Valve
Further Increasing Flow Area
The “Stacked” valve adds a second layer
of inset modules allowing for increased
flow area within the same diameter

5
✓ Increase Performance
✓ Extend Runtime
✓ On-Site Serviceability
✓ Lower Maintenance Cost
✓ Reduce Vibration, Pulsation, & Noise
✓ 10 Year Valve Housing Warranty

…VALUE CREATION

6
Value of the Straightflo™ Valve

Increase Reduce Reduce Reduce

Throughput Fuel Maintenance
• Lower HP • Lower Specific • # of call-outs • Vibration
• Close Pockets Power • No Machining • Pulsation
• Reduce • Gas or Electric • Lost Production • Noise
Clearance Drive

7
Economics of Increasing Throughput

Monthly Revenue Increase Annual Revenue Increase

Flow Flow
3% 5% 7% 3% 5% 7%
Increase Increase
5 MMscf/d $ 9,000 $ 15,000 $ 21,000 5 MMscf/d $ 107,310 $ 178,850 $ 250,390
10 MMscf/d $ 18,000 $ 30,000 $ 42,000 10 MMscf/d $ 214,620 $ 357,700 $ 500,780
15 MMscf/d $ 27,000 $ 45,000 $ 63,000 15 MMscf/d $ 321,930 $ 536,550 $ 751,170

Inputs:
• @ $2/Mcf natural gas price
• 30 days per month
• 358 days per year (98%)

8
Valve Repair Economics

Traditional plate valve ZVI Straightflo™ valve

• Repair $ 4,080 • Service $ 1,608
• Replacement $ 2,610 • Replacement $ 0
• Call-out expense $ 540 • Call-out expense $ 302
$ 7,230 $ 1,910

Inputs:
• Plate valves: 20 valves / compressor, $725 valve cost, $200 valve
repair, 15% replacement rate, 10 month avg. run time
• Service expense: $50 / hour fully burdened mechanic, 9 hour
travel & service time per call-out
• ZVI Straightflo™ valves: 18 month run time, 40% module
replacement
• Repair cost for both cases is annualized
9
Illustrative Customer Economics
▪ Below are cost savings estimates based on actual results generated in a CO2 EOR application, on a Superior W76 3-stage
compressor. Due to H2S content, the valves are built per NACE MR0175 standards with M-X material.

Suction (pressure = 91 psig, Temperature – 90F), Discharge Pressure – 825 psig. Speed – 585 rpm. 36 6.6” valves, 24 5.6” valves, 8 5.8” valves.
1/3rd of the Valves were serviced every 2 months, with complete replacement every 2 years before SFVs were installed. SFV modules replaced every 3 years.
Two people for two hours to repair/service SFV valves. Two people for 8 hours to repair service plate valves. Labor at @ $50/hr.
*Measured improvement of 6% in power with SFVs. Original power – 2685 hp.
**Additional throughput of 6% if power is used to increase throughput. Original throughput – 14.5 MMSCFD.
*** During valve service, compressor downtime is 24 hours.
**** During valve service, emissions from blowing down the compressor and affected pipeline, followed by purging during start up. 1x represents this quantity of emissions.

ROI Calculation: Annual savings on one compressor

1. At same flow = Maintenance savings ($95,028) + power savings (cost of 1052 MWh) + Additional flow (value of 82.2
MMSCF) + Emissions savings (value of reducing emissions by 5.6x)
2. At same power = Maintenance savings ($95,028) + Additional flow (value of 398 MMSCF) + Emissions savings (value of
reducing emissions by 5.6x)

redefining the compressor valve 10

Note: In this case, the value of additional flow can be obtained directly from additional BOPD produced.
 Proven Results with Blue-Chip Customers
Application Install
Location Performance Value Proposition
Type Date
Customer was servicing their valves every 3-5 wks. ZVI’s valves have been running without any
July
Gas Gathering Polk County, TX issues for since installation. One ZVI’s 3rd stage HE discharge valve alone has been serviced 3 times
2013
in this period and have been running without issues since 3/2015.

Gas Processing February ZVI valves have been running without a single valve service since installation. Gas flow has increased
Blacks Fork, WY
Plant 2014 by 5% while using 7% less power.

OEM valves were being serviced every 2-3 months. ZVI valves have been running without a single
Gas Gathering –
GOM March 2014 valve service since installation. Customer likes onsite serviceability of the valves from the platform
Offshore
without having to send onshore for machining.

OEM valves were being serviced every 1-2 months. After fixing a gasket failure, ZVI valves have
Gas Processing July
Bitter Creek, UT been running without any issues since January 2015. Customer is very happy with its reduced
Plant 2014
maintenance costs and improved run tim.

July OEM valves were failing weekly. ZVI valves have been running without a single service since
Gas Gathering Justin, TX
2014 installation.

Customer was servicing valves every month. ZVI valves have been running without a single service.
CO2 & H2S Buckeye, NM August 2014
Customer has realized performance improvement of 3%.

White Settlement, Customer was servicing valves every 10-12 days. ZVI valves have been running without any a single
Gas Gathering August 2014
TX service since install. Customer has realized a 11% improvement in gas flow.

Customer installed ZVI valves in two separate compressors. In both cases, ZVI valves have been
Gas Gathering Coyote Station, UT March 2015 running without a single service. Customer is pleased with onsite serviceability and elimination of
machining requirements.

Customer installed ZVI valves in two different vapor recovery units, which are very difficult
Reno County, July
Propane applications due to a wide operating range. ZVI valves have exceeded OEM valve life (3 months) by
KS 2015
several multiples and continue to operate without issues.

Customer was having issues with 3rd stage valves and had to shut down the compressor weekly and
July
CO2 & H2S Cordona Lake, TX service the valves. ZVI valves have been running since then without any issues. Customer has
2015
realized a 16% improvement in gas flow and has ordered five additional sets of compressor valves.

redefining the compressor valve 11

Note: Examples above do not represent all orders and installations of SF valves.
 Refinery Applications with Blue-Chip Customers
Compressor
Location Location Model Gas # of stages HP Speed P Suct P Disch Date
Manufacturer
Pine Bend Refinery 38C2A MN Dresser Rand 4HHE-VK-3 H2 Mix 2 3504 327 220 1172 9/6/2017
Port Arthur TX Dresser Rand 2HHE-VG H2 Mix 1 1250 295 420 1355 9/12/2017
Odessa TX IR ESH-1 Butane/Propylene 1 180 600 150 500 1/19/2018
Baytown C-708 TX Cooper Bessemer LMA-4 H2 Mix 1 4000 300 850 1900 3/23/2018
Pine Bend Refinery 32C8/C9 MN Dresser Rand 4HHE-VB-1 H2 Mix 1 800 400 420-520 715-770 4/30/2018
Big springs refinery TX IR ESH-1 Butane Mix 1 95 360 20 80 5/17/2018
Pine Bend Refinery 37C4 MN Dresser Rand 2HHE-VE-1 H2 Mix 1 1500 450 105-118 250-282 6/19/2018
Pipe Bend Refinery #47C3 MN Dresser Rand 3HHE-VL-1-1 H2 Mix 2 3650 300 497 1231 8/22/2018
Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Saudi IR 2HSE H2 1 344 436 104 - 206 454 - 508 9/10/2018
Wood Cross UT IR HHE H2 Mix 1 300 400 297 507 10/6/2018
Port Arthur TX Dresser Rand 2HHE-VG H2 Mix 1 1250 295 420 1355 12/4/2018
Port Arthur TX Dresser Rand 6BDC-OF18H-3 Hydrogen 3 18500 300 590 2813 4/23/2019

redefining the compressor valve 12

Note: Examples above do not represent all orders and installations of SF valves.
Customer Field Analysis – DR Hydrogen unit
“The valves operate quieter with less chatter. The discharge temperatures are also
~14 degrees lower in this test.
The unit is using less horsepower per cylinder averaging 243 IHP per cylinder. In July
the average was 259/cylinder, a savings of 7%.
The average capacity per cylinder is slightly higher with the new valves, 5.1 MMSCFD
/cylinder compared to 5.08 MMSCFD.
In conclusion, the valve comparison is very favorable. The unit produces more
capacity for an average of 7% less horsepower. The valves operate cooler with less
vibration and the compressor discharge temperature is lower.”
Improved Energy Efficiency

Plots for a White MW68

compressor, compressing
natural gas in the Permian.
Customer Field Analysis

“The Zahroof valves showed approximately a 10 PSI lower peak cylinder pressure during the discharge portion of the
stroke. Indicating less differential pressure needed to operate the valve. This effectively changes the valve timing and
increases the volumetric efficiency of the cylinder, in this particular instance by 2.3% on the discharge side and 3.6% on
the suction side. This equates to an increase in volume at these operating conditions of an additional 1.28 MMSCFD
throughput of the Zahroof equipped cylinder as compared to the cylinder equipped with the OEM valves. The increased
flow was accomplished using 6.6% less indicated horsepower/MMSCFD”
Reduced Vibrations/Noise, lower losses with SFV

Field measurements on an
Ariel JGD/2, 1100 rpm
Original plate valves: Pronounced
opening and closing impacts + noise
from flow.

SFV valves: Same resolution. Valve

opening and closing is negligible. 10 psi
lower peak cylinder pressures.
Reduced Vibrations/Noise with SFV

Field vibration measurements

on a DR 6HOS6, 1200 rpm
With plate valve: +-25

With SFV: +-2.5

Strong Customer Testimonials
“The Zahroof valves showed an increase in
volume at operating conditions of an additional
1.28 MMSCFD throughput or approximately 5%
while 6.6% less indicated horsepower/MMSCFD.”
Reliability Engineer
E&P Operator
Granger, WY
“Our OEM plate valves have pronounced opening and closing
impacts as well as the noise from the turbulent flow of the gas
through the valve while it is open. The opening and closing of
the StraightFlo Valve as well as the noise of the gas flow
through the valve is negligible.”
Reliability Engineer
E&P Operator
Granger, WY
“OEM valves were needing to be serviced weekly, the
ZVI valves have run for over 8,326 hours with no
failures”
Reliability Engineer
Large Energy Development & Services Company
Longview, TX
“The ZVI Valves have just passed their one year anniversary
of running. We have not had to touch the valves and plan to
run for seven more months before inspecting them as part of
our planned maintenance program. Our prior valves were
requiring service about every month.”
Operations Supervisor
Leading Energy Company
Lovington, TX
“Use of the StraightFlo Valve has extended our run
time, reduced our annual maintenance costs by
$70,000 and increased our gas flow 3-4%”
Maintenance Foreman
Large E&P Operator
Vernal, UT
“The valves are running in a 85% CO2 recycle facility
with ‘blood guts and feathers’ and we have had zero
failures and the data we have gathered shows
improvement over a standard plate valve.”
Mechanical Maintenance Advisor
Leading Energy Company
Midland, TX
18
redefining the compressor valve
CASE STUDIES

19
Case Study:
Large contract compression operator
Location: East Texas
Unit: GE Gemini DS504
Installed: July 2013
Application: Gas Gathering

Customer Issue:
High liquid and particulate contaminants caused fouling in the legacy
plate valves that required monthly servicing.

Straightflo™ Solution:
1st & 2nd stage valve ran for 3 years without issues until compressor
was moved because the field had depleted. 3rd stage valve repair
frequency extended from monthly to once in 3 years. Additionally, the
Straightflo™ valves are serviced on-site (no machining required) with
only a minimal number of modules changed.

20
Case Study:
Major E&P Company Plate Valve Averaged
23.1 HP per MMscfd
Location: Marcellus
Unit: Ariel JGC/4 Straightflo™ Averaged JFC-C vs JFC-D, Specific Power (Outliers removed)
Installed: December 2015 22 HP per MMscfd JFC C (Plate) JFC D (ZVI) Poly. (JFC C (Plate)) Poly. (JFC D (ZVI))

25.00
Application: Wellhead
24.50 y = 1E-06x3 - 0.1289x2 + 5476.5x - 8E+07

Specific Power (Fuel gas used/MMSCFD)

24.00
Customer Issue:
23.50
This Major has multiple compressors using ZVI valves and was
23.00
therefore aware of the capabilities of the Straightflo™ valve.
22.50
Needed more flow and longer valve life.
22.00

21.50
Straightflo™ Solution:
21.00
As illustrated in the chart, the Straightflo valves (red) have a y = 2E-06x3 - 0.1977x2 + 8401.5x - 1E+08
lower specific power resulting a 4.5% decrease in power 20.50

consumption. Plate valve performance deteriorates and has 20.00

2/20 3/1 3/11 3/21 3/31 4/10 4/20 4/30 5/10 5/20 5/30 6/9 6/19 6/29 7/9 7/19 7/29
to be replaced every five months. StraightFlo continues to Date

operate successfully since installation.

21
Case Study:
O&G Major
Location: San Juan Basin
Unit: Two Stage Ariel JGK/4
Installed: July 2016
Application: Gas Gathering

Customer Issue:
Customer desired increased efficiency and reliability in dirty service. Installed
Straightflo™ valves on one 1st stage and one 2nd stage cylinder to directly compare
perform against the OEM valve.
Straightflo™ Solution:
• Straighflo™ valves provided 5% efficiency improvement
• OEM Plate valves started failing after 7 months
• March 2017 - compressor experienced a slug of liquid that deformed the piston rod
on a cylinder with plate valves. The cylinders with Straighflo™ valves handled the
liquids and prevented damage.
• Straighflo™ valves have performed flawlessly since 2016.

22
Case Study:
Large Independent

Location: Rockies Valve repair savings $ 53,000

Unit: Ariel JGU/4 (As reported by site maintenance foreman)

Installed: July 2014

Application: Gas Gathering Additional Flow due to $ 320,000
Increased efficiency
Customer Issue: ($900 /day x 355days)
Legacy plate valves required servicing or replacing every 4-6
weeks causing monthly loss of production and maintenance.
Additional Flow due to $ 45,000
Eliminating Valve Related
Straightflo™ Solution:
ZVI valves have been operating continuously resulting in more Down Time
than a 40x increase in MTBF as of the beginning
(12 times @ 4 hours each = 2 days of production)

of 2019 .
Total Annual Saving $ 418,000

23
Case Study:
Large Independent
Installations
Location: Rockies
Unit: Multiple Jul. 2014: Ariel JGU/4
Installed: Starting mid 2014 Nov. 2015: Ariel JGZ/6
Application: Gas Gathering May 2016: Ariel JGK/4
May 2016: Ariel JGK/4
May 2016: Ariel JGT/4
Customer Issue:
Jan. 2017: Ariel JGZ/4
Customer desired increased performance and reliability. Jan. 2017: Ariel JGK/4
Note: A common practice with plate valves experiencing short valve life is to lower Mar. 2017: Ariel JGT/4
valve lift in an attempt to increase reliability. This negatively impacts compressor Mar. 2017: Ariel JGT/4
efficiency, increases Hp, and often reduces flow. Mar. 2017: Ariel JGT/4
Straightflo™ valves can increase performance and reliability at the same time. Mar. 2017: Ariel JGU/4
Apr. 2017: Ariel JGE/4
Straightflo™ Solution: Apr. 2017: Ariel JGE/4
Dramatically increased valve life and reduced maintenance spend. Apr. 2017: Ariel JGE/4
Jul. 2017: Ariel JGE/4

24
 Plate Valve after one month
Case Study:
Private producer focused on marginal wells

Location: Eagle Ford

Unit: Ariel JGA/2
Installed: July 2015
Application: Wellhead

Customer Issue:
Straightflo™ Valve
The legacy plate valves were salting up and restricting flow requiring monthly
servicing and causing downtime and lost production.
The condition was so severe the plate valves were typically replaced instead
of repaired further increasing maintenance expense.

Straightflo™ Solution:
The Straightflo valve has successfully operated for more than 3 years
without requiring maintenance.

25
Case Study:
Offshore E&P Company

Location: Gulf of Mexico (shelf) Return on Investment:

Unit: Ariel JGK/4 21 day payback due to increased production
Installed: December 2015 Inventory:
Application: Gas Gathering Reduced from 100% spare valves & 100% valve kits to 4
spare valves and 2 boxes of modules

Customer Issue: Emissions:

The compressor driver (engine) was 100% loaded and the
customer was seeking better efficiency to increase production.
Customer was changing valves every 4-5 weeks.
Straightflo™ Solution:
ZVI valves Increased the production from 7.8 MMscfd to 8.3
MMscfd. (6.4% improvement). Straightflo™ valves have
operated over seven months without servicing.
7% reduction in fugitive emissions released to atmosphere
due to “blow-downs”
Safety:
Noise reduction: Personal on platform noted how much
quieter the unit sounds making it easer to work & live
around. Noise reduced by more than 8 decibels
Serviceability:
Straightflo valves can be serviced onsite with no
machining which eliminates logistics related to valve
repairs (long boat ride and hot-shot trucking)

26
Case Study:
Offshore E&P Company

Location: Gulf of Mexico (shelf)

Unit: Ariel JGD/6
Installed: June 2016
Application: Gathering

Customer Issue:
Legacy plate valves failed 1-2 times per week.

Straightflo™ Solution:
ZVI valves operated for approximate 4 weeks representing a
6x increase in MTBF. Additionally, valves are serviced on
site (with < 5% of modules being changed) eliminating the
need to transport valves to shore for repair. Continuing to
collaborate with customer to further extend valve life.

27
28
 Modular Reed Valve Product Innovation
ZVI Dynamic Simulation Program Modules Standard Valves
Plot of Cylinder Pressure vs Angle
MRV

HE
CE
700

600
Pressure (psi)

500

400
Standard modules: 3000 psi , -40 - 450F
300

200
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Angle (Deg)
Plot of Cylinder Pressures vs Volume
700
HE
CE

600

500
Pressure (psia)

400

300

200
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Volume (in^3)
Plot of Valve Lift vs. Angle
0.2
Suction HE
Disch HE
Suction CE
Disch CE

0.15

SST module: 5000 psi, -150 – 600F

Valve Lift (in)

0.1

0.05

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Angle (Deg)

Plot of Forces vs. Angle

50000
Gas Force
Inertia Force
Rod Load
40000

30000

20000

10000
Force (lbf)

-10000

-20000

-30000

-40000

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Angle (Deg)

redefining the compressor valve 29

Modular Reed Valve Product Innovation
Machined Bolt-On Cages Integral Cage Valves Valve Protection Mesh

redefining the compressor valve 30

Modular Reed Valve Product Innovation
Concentric Valve Stacked Valve HiFlo Valve

redefining the compressor valve 31

 Modular Reed Valve Product Innovation
HiFlo Plug Unloader Unloader - Hollow Piston

Area ratio = effective area/valve

port area
GE valve == 10%

192CT valve = 15.7%

StraightFlo Valve vs. 192CT valve

Standard = 25.3% (61% better)
Stacked valve = 28.2% (80% better)
HiFlo = 37% (138% better)

redefining the compressor valve 32

Modular Reed Valve Product Innovation
Unloader - Poppet Reliable Capacity Control Conversion – Open Guard
with Current Actuators to Fully Retained

Open /
Unloaded
Piston is at top dead
center. Gas passes
from cylinder through
piston to the suction
port.

Closed / Loaded
Piston is at bottom
position. The piston
blocks the passage of
gas.

redefining the compressor valve 33