(AHMAD IZZUDDIN BIN MOHAMAD)

(2018224724)

Discussion

For this experiment, three beams with different elements were used. It was
aluminium, brass and mild steel. All of it comes with the same dimension. The setup of the
experiment was done by placing the beam on the cantilever beam that was setup. Weight is
hung up at both end of beam with the same distance from support pan which is 100mm.
Then, the deflection of the beam was recorded by taking the readings from the dial gauge that
was placed at the centre of the beams.

Type of beam Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Elasticity, Percentage of error

E Experimental (GPa) E Theoretical (GPa) (%)
Aluminium 64.13 70 -8.39
Brass 99.88 100 -0.12
Mild steel 222.16 210 5.79

Based on the table, the percentage of error for aluminium is -8.39%, while for the
brass is the least which is -0.12% and mild steel is 5.79%. In order to minimize the errors
some precaution steps should be taken. Firstly, when taking the reading, eyes should be set
parallel on the scale. This is to avoid parallax error. Then, make sure the load was tightened
at both end of beam. It is to set them in place and not moving causes it will affect the reading.

Then, there is another way to find the modulus of elasticity, E which is using stress-
strain graph.
Conclusion

In conclusion, the elastic modulus for all the beams was determined. The theoretical
and experimental value of modulus of elasticity also was validated. Thus, the objectives of
the experiment were achieved. From the experiment, the percentage of error for aluminium is
-8.39%, while for the brass is the least which is -0.12% and mild steel is 5.79%. Thus, there is
a slight of error from the experiment that needs to be improved in order to minimize the error.
Then, I have understood how to apply beam theory on a cantilever that is subjected to various
point loads and the relationship of their resulting stresses and deflection. I have also managed
to obtain Young’s Modulus a beam material through experimental values and graphs. From
the experiment also, we can conclude that aluminium have the highest deflection value
followed by brass and mild steel. Since the elastic modulus of Aluminium is about 1/3 that of
mild steel, for the same beam shape properties, for the same loading, for the same span and
support conditions, the Aluminium beam deflection will be three times more.