UCSP Lower class

Uses insights from anthropology, political science, and
sociology to develop students' awareness of cultural,
social and political dynamics, and sensitivity to cultural
diversity.
Society
Generally defined as an organized group of
interdependent people who share a common territory,
language, and culture, and who act together for
collective survival and well-being.
Politics
Refers to the theory, art and practice of government
Political institution
A relatively stable cluster of statuses, general norms, and
role behavior, which are involved in the acquisition and
exercise of society of wide power and making decision
Society and politics
Essentials in understanding human behavior and social
groups
Gender
Refers to the socially constructed characteristic of being
male or female
Socioeconomic class
Refers to the category of persons who have more or less
the same socioeconomic privileges in a society
Upper class
Consists of elite families who are the most productive in
terms of resource generation and oftentimes very
successful in their respective fields of interests and
endeavors, be it in agriculture, industry, business or
government
Middle class
Composed of small business and industry operators
mostly owners and managers, professionals, office
workers, and farm owners with income that is average
enough to provide comfortable and decent living
Composed of farm employees, skilled and unskilled
artisans, service workers, indigent families and informal
sectors
Ethnicity
Refers to the expression of the set of cultural ideas held
by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group
Ethnic group
Refers to people who collectively and publicly identified
themselves as a distinct and unique based on
distinguishable cultural features that set them apart from
the others such as shared ancestry and common origin,
language, customs and traditions
Religion
An organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere
of the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial or
ritualistic practices by which people tried to interpret
and/or influence aspects of the universe otherwise
beyond human control
Nationality
The legal relationship that binds between a person and a
country
Culture
Beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms,
artifacts, symbols, knowledge
Politics
Regulate human behavior
Traditional rich and nouveau rich 2 classifications of
upper class
Food taboos
Prohibition against consuming certain foods
Istambay
Favorite pastime of filipinos, a form of recreation that is
not favorable
Padulas or lagay
When you bribe an lto officer
Political dynasty
Voting a certain person due to political lineage
Elections
Corrupt voting in the philippines
Selfieing
Caused by narcissism and camera phones
Transnational families
Parents consist of one filipino and one foreigner
Youth volunteerism
The youth volunteer to help for a good cause
Video gaming
An issue mostly found in adolescent filipino boys who
like to play computer games
Same sex partnership
Homosexuality influenced by western culture
Anthropology
Comes from the greek word anthropos (man) and logos
(study of.)
The study of man (man referring to the human species in
entirety)
Studies all human groups, both cultural and biological
today and as they adapted and evolved in the past
Goals of anthropology
Explain and analyze human culture similarities and
differences
Assess the cultural development of our species as
revealed in the archeological record
Analyze the biological evolution of the human species as
evidenced in the fossil record
Explain human biological diversity today
Biological anthropology
Also called physical anthropology; it studies homo
sapiens as biological beings both in the present and in
the past
Cultural anthropology
Also called social anthropology; it is the description and
comparison of the adaptations made by human groups to
Diverse ecosystems of the earth
Cultural anthropology: ethnography
Focuses on one culture alone
Cultural anthropology: ethnology
Studies different cultures in different societies
Archeology
The systematic study of the remains of previous cultures
as a means of reconstructing the lifeways of people who
lived in the past
Linguistics
Study of language
Political science
Study of politics, systematic study of state and
government, focuses on power
Power
Ability to make another person do something
Influence
Includes cases when one party's desires affect the
behavior of another party
Authority
The right to exercise the power and influence of a given
position
Legitimacy
Means having the approval of others. It is the condition
of being regarded as correctly places in a particular role
and carrying out the functions of the role correctly
Linkage
Refers to the way pressure groups, political parties and
electoral processes connect the general public with the
leaders who make policy decisions
Political ideology
Set of ideas/systematic group of concepts and beliefs of
culture that guides our political decisions
Capitalism
Rich gets richer, poor gets poorer. The government is
controlled by private sectors
Marxism
Class struggle plays an important role in abolishing clan
oppression
Communism
Advocacy of classless society: distribution of wealth and
publicly owned government
Socialism
Advocacy of classless society: community as a whole
Alienation
Depersonalized activity
Sociology
Considered the science of society and social behavior,
which is viewed as an aggregate of individuals
Deals with social development in general and describes
and analyzes social life in all its phases and complexities
through all ages and climes
Deals with the study of various activities of human
beings
Science of the origin and development, structure and
functions of social groups, their forms, laws, customs,
constitutions, modes of life, thought and action of their
contribution to human culture and civilization
Society
A collection of interacting individuals sharing the same
way of life and living in the same territory
Status
Refers to the position of a person in society
Ascribed status
Status that pertains to gender, race as well as age
Achieved status
Status that is attained through our own actions
Role
The expected behavior of an individual who is accorded
with a particular status
Culture
Consists of all the shared products of human groups;
these products include physical objects such and the
beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group
Material culture
The physical things created by members of a society
Non-material culture
The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group
of people. (abstract human creations)
Beliefs
Conceptions that people accept as true about how the
world operates and where individuals fit in
Symbol
Any kind of physical phenomenon- a word, an object, a
color, a sound, feeling, odor, movement, a taste to which
people assign a meaning or value
Language
The organization of written or spoken symbols into a
standardized system
Values
Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong,
desirable or undesirable
Norms
Shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in
specific situations
Folkways
Norms that lack moral significance
Mores
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral
significance
Characteristics of culture
Shared, learned, dynamic, based on symbols
Ethnocentrism Rivers
The practice o comparing cultural practices with those of Provided enough water for large-scale agriculture,
one's own and automatically finding those other cultural enabling people to abandon a hunter-gatherer lifestyle
practices to be inferior and to grow and store surplus food

Ethnocentrism Other stuffs:

Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions
originating in the standards and customs of one's own Mesopotamia
culture. Greek for "land between the rivers"

Cultural relativism Mesopotamia

The idea that all norms, beliefs and values are dependent Most ancient civilization
on their cultural context and should be treated as such.
No one comes from a neutral position Mesopotamia
Also called fertile crescent because it is a crescent
Hominid shaped area between the tigris and euphrates rivers
The general term used by scientists to categorize the
group of early humans and other humanlike creatures Cunieform
that can walk erect during prehistoric times A system of writing developed by the sumerians that
used wedge-shaped marks made in soft clay
Homo habilis
Handy man. Direct ancestor of the modern human Egypt
because of its ability to produce tools Also known as the gift of nile

Homo erectus Hieroglyphics

Believed to be more intelligent and more adaptable System of writing in egypt
compared to the homo habilis. They are also manifested Yellow river valley
in cultural evolution because they used their intelligence This was settled by farmers in china
to invent and develop different technologies to respond
to their needs Xia dynasty
First chinese dynasty which arose and flourished during
Homo sapiens the prehistoric period
Considered as modern humans
Shang dynasty
Neolithic revolution The dynasty where arts and sciences flourished
Also called the agricultural revolution. Describes the
origin and impact of food production, plant cultivation Indus valley
and animal domestication Unique because it rose and fell, leaving only mysterious
ruins of this civilization
Cradles of civilization
A term that refers to civilization that emerged Cities
independently. All these civilizations developed around Were larger and more complex than villages
rivers
Writing
Enabled people to preserve, organize and expand their
knowledge
Specialization
People in civilized societies were specialists - artisans,
merchants, priests, government officials and farmers
Government
Composed of rulers who issued laws and officials to
carry them out
Religion
Involved civilized societies which organized religions
with a powerful, trained and wealthy priesthood
Sumerian civilization
Developed important skills to learn how to use the river's
waters. They planned canals and organized workers to
build and repair them.
Egyptian civilization
Rivers made it easy to go from one village to another.
Villagers were united into a large kingdom. Life here
was centered on religion.
Greece city states
Discovered a new way of thinking about nature, society,
and purpose of life. They came to value the individual
human being to trust in the power of the human mind
Roman republic
Adapted writing, military techniques, and styles of
literature, art and architecture. They learned practical
skills in sanitation, road building, architecture and
ceramics
Democratization
A process by which democracy expands, within a state
or throughout the world
Democracy
Government by the people. A state in which all fully
qualified citizens vote at regular intervals to choose,
among alternative candidates, the people who will be in
charge of setting the state's policies
Popular support of government
Political competition
Alternation in power
Popular representation
Majority rule
Essential ingredients of democracy
Socialization
Refers to the process through which people learn the
rules and practices needed to participate successfully in
the culture and society. It is culturally specific
Family
The first source through which they commence their
social communication
Schools
Fulfils the function of teaching children the values and
customs of the larger society
Peer group
A group of people of approximately the same age,
sharing similar interests and probably belonging to
similar backgrounds
Mass media and technology
The strongest and most argued indirect agent of
socialization
Workplace
A group of people of different age groups belonging to
different social and cultural backgrounds
Religion
A collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and
worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and to
moral values
Government
An indirect agent of socialization that does have an
impact on social life and well-being
Identity formation
Relates to the understandings people hold on and believe
to what is meaningful to them as it may be sources from
gender, sexual orientation, nationality or ethnicity and
social class
Social identity
Refers to the characteristics that other people attribute to
an individual
Self identity
Refers to the process of self-development through which
an individual formulates a unique sense of ourself and
his or her relationship to the world around him/her

Norms
Social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate
behavior in given situations

Values
Collective conceptions of what is considered good,
desirable, and proper or vice versa

Status set
Refers to all the statuses a person can hold at a given
time

Master status
Key or core status that carries primary weight in a
person's interaction and relationship with others

Role set
A number of roles attached to a single status

Conformity
Course of action that a majority favors or that which is
socially acceptable

Deviance
Course of action that is not socially acceptable or that
majority finds unfavorable

Dignity
Descriptive meaning pertaining to human worth. It refers
to our fundamental right that cannot be taken away
Rights
Legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or
entitlement

Common good
A notion that there are certain general conditions that are
equal to everyone's advantage