Literature Review

RCC being one of the most used construction material is a subject of huge research and
study,Various codes have been developed to govern the design and construction practice in
RCC construction.Seismic design has been a subject of paramount interest and various codes
have been developed in different countries taking in account of seismicity,materials and
construction practices prevalent in the respective countries. IS 1893:2002 , IS 1893:2016
,NBC 105:1994 ,NBC 105:2019 (draft) are the codes considered for the purpose of our
study.All the clauses of the codes were studied along with their commentary ,which was a
basis of our study for the comparative analysis of the response of a building against the input
of various codal provisions.

ATC-40 (1996) document was used as a guideline for non-linear analysis of the structures.This
standard provides a comprehensive, technically sound recommended methodology for the
seismic evaluation and retrofit design of existing concrete buildings. Although it is not
intended for the design of new buildings, the analytical procedures are applicable for the
assessment of seismic vulnerability of the structures and their performance during the event
of an earthquake. The analytical procedure incorporated in the methodology accounts for
post elastic deformations of the structure by using simplified nonlinear static analysis
methods.

The seismic coefficient parameters, Ca and Cv in ATC-40 Capacity Spectrum Curve are not
introduced in either of IS and NBC codes. However the procedure described in ATC-40 can be
adopted for the seismic parameters of IS:1893-2002 and IS:1893-2016 . The RS curve in ATC-
40 is described by parameters Ca and Cv, where the curve just as in IS:1893-2002, is having a
flat portion of intensity 2.5 Ca and downward sloping portion described by Cv/T.On
comparison of the ATC 40 with the IS standard it can be inferred that Ca = Z/2 and Cv is either
of Z/2, 1.36 (Z/2) and 1.67(Z/2) for hard, medium and soft soils respectively, for DBE .(Rahul
Leslie).

In non-linear static analysis models of building, the effect of hinge location and the selection
of hinge properties ie, program default or user defined, was studied from the article of Inel
et al.For our study, program default non- linear plastic hinges were considered at beam
column joints and at either ends of beams and columns.