DISCRIMINATIONS

Bias, Bigotry, Prejudice, in fact narrow-mindedness

 PRESENTERS

• M. Waleed bin Tariq

• Ali Haider
• Shais ur Rehman
• Raheel Liaqat
• Qamar Qaisrani
Contents
Discrimination in labor market

The benefits of beauty

Is Emily more employable than Lekisha ?

Segregated streetcars and profit motive

Discrimination in sports

Wage differentials between urban and

rural-urban migrant workers
Discrimination

Discrimination is
treating, or proposing
to treat, someone
unfavorably because
of a personal
characteristic
protected by the law.
 THE BENEFITS OF BEAUTY

• This study was published in American Economic review on December 1994.

• Surveys and studies were conducted by Hamermesh and Biddle.

education
They Physical
examined that deemed
how much Experience people were ‘’Beauty Premium’’
interviewers 5-10% earn
judge on more.
Physical
appearance
 Two interpretations

Beauty also depends upon better

In some industries like acting,
sales firms are willing to pay
attractive workers because of
customer preference.
dress hairstyle and personal
demeanor which projects a
successful image to an employer
which lends to succeed in other
tasks as well.
 IS EMILY MORE EMPLOYABLE THAN LEKISHA?

• This case study was published in American Economic Review in September 2004
• Study and surveys were conducted by Marianne Bertrand and Sandhill Mullainathan.

Same
1300 jobs in qualification 50% white
Boston and skill set named CVs
Chicago
newspapers get more
Half with Half with response
American African
names names as
Emily Lekisha

Employment 5000 fake Resumes Response

 IS EMILY MORE EMPLOYABLE THAN LEKISHA?

Conclusion
Racial discrimination is still a prominent feature of labor market.
 SEGREGATED STREETC ARS AND PROFIT MOTIVE

• This case study has been taken from Journal of economic history 1986.
• Studies and surveys were carried by Jennifer Roback.

Segregation by govt.

Whites will sit in front Black will sit in back

Effects on rail companies

Separate seating raised the firm cost Reduced profit Rail companies owners condemned this
segregation

General lessons

Business owners are usually more interested in making profits than Discriminatory governments pass such laws to suppress equalizing force of
discriminating against particular groups competitive markets.
 DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTS

• This case study was published in Journals of labor economics in 1988.

Audiences were
White Basketball always in less
players earn 20%
White basketball
Cards of black These experiments
players with amount in that
percent more than
comparable
hitters sold 10 match where the suggest that there are
blacks and team percent less than more black players customer discriminations
abilities earn more
got more white white hitters. were in the game
than black one. in sports.
concentrations
 WAGE DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN URBAN AND
RURAL-URBAN MIGRANT WORKERS

• This case study was taken from China economic review 2016 written by Li
Zhang, Rhonda Vonshay Sharpe,Shi Li, William A. Darity Jr

Companies From these

Migration trend attitude Results and stats studies it can be
In 1980 many Employs attitude Rural migrants concluded that
rural people get were not were 49% less discriminations
get migrated in welcoming earning than even practice
urban areas despite of same urban workers between urban
educational and 17 percent of and rural migrant
attainments and the wage gap employs
experience cannot be
explained
ANY QUERIES