HOW ANIMALS SURVIVE IN COLD CONDITION

-The range of the temperature is -40°C to 10°C. Sometimes 22°C. The seawater freezes at -2°C.

Arctic and Antarctic birds and mammals such as:

-Penguins, whales, bears, foxes, and seals are warm blooded animals.

Why do they need to live in the coldest part of the Earth?

-It is because they need to maintain similar internal body temperature to warm blooded animals in other
climate zones to keep high body temperature remain active.

2 Types of Organisms

Endotherms - generate most of the heat they need internally. When it's cold out, they increase metabolic heat
production to keep their body temperature constant.

Ectotherms - body temperature mainly depends on external heat sources.

We live in a magnificent world inhabited by approximately 8,700,000 species. This number includes
only general species, not subspecies. More than 2,500 species are discovered every year.

How do Animals Survive in the Desert?

-They only have 2 obstacles to overcome
-Extreme heat and lack of water means that desert animals use to survive in the desert include avoiding heat,
dissipating heat, retaining water and acquiring water. Animals that live in the desert have adapted
these in order to avoid heat.

- Desert animals restrict their activity to the cold morning/evening in order to retain water. Desert animals
burrow into moist earth to absorb water into their bodies, or they obtain moist through the food they
eat

How Do Grassland Animals Survive?

- Animals are able to survive the dry condition of the grassland using their animal instincts.
- Grassland animals can acquire water through various forms of bodies of water like ponds, rivers, etc.
 Organ System of Animals and Their Functions

1. Digestive System – Involves physical digestion, the breakdown of food into smaller
particles which occur in the mouth and stomach. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of
large molecules such as protein, starch, and fats.
2. Circulatory System – Transports blood from the heart to the lungs, to oxygenate the
blood. Systematic circulation carries oxygen – rich blood from the heart to organs and
tissues.
3. Respiratory System – Supplies body cells with oxygen; water and carbon dioxide as
waste products. The organs involve heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph nodes.
4. Excretory System – Removes waste from the body. The organs functioning are kidneys,
urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra.
5. Nervous System – Regulates behavior, maintains homeostasis, controls sensory and
motor functions. Organs are sense organs, spinal cord and brain.
6. Endocrine System – Regulates body temperature, metabolism, development; maintains
homeostasis; regulates other organ systems.
7. Muscular System – Moves limbs and trunk, moves substances through the body, provides
structure and support. Organs involved are the skeletal system, smooth and cardiac
muscles.
8. Skeletal System – Protects and supports the body parts, determination of body shape,
blood cell production sites, calcium and phosphorus storage sites. Bones and joins are
involved.
9. Immune System – Defends the body against pathogens and diseases. White blood cells,
lymph node and skin are involved.
10. Reproductive System – Involves the production of new individuals. The organs included
are testes and penis in males and ovaries, and uterus in females.
11. Integumentary System or Body Covering – Protects the skin from external environment,
protection from loss of internal fluids, body temperature regulation, elimination of some
wastes, reception of external stimuli. Skin, nails and hair are the organs involved.
12. Lymphatic System - is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of inter-
connected tubes known as lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph towards
the heart.