Manila Central University

Basic Education

Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements in Earth and Life Sciences

Investigatory Project- Cow Manure into Biogas

“Poopstacular Fuel”

Submitted by:

Alagao, Jefferson

Angeles, Althea Louise L.

Carabuena, James Ryan

Dulalia, Gerard Kirby

Ley, Kim Patrick L.

Mangaron, Kyle Vincent C.

Manuel, Jules Alexandra J.

Yoshimoto, Takuya Jiro T.

STEM 11-9
 Table of Contents

 Abstract ………………………………………………….………………….. 1
 The Problem ……………………………....………………………….……... 2
 Introduction ………………………………………………………….……… 3
 Objectives of the study …………………………………………………….... 4
 Significance of the study …………………………………………….……… 5
 Scope and Delimitation ……………………………………………….…….. 7
 Definition of terms ………….………………………………………….…… 8
 Methods and Procedure Materials ………………………………….……….. 9
 Hypothesis ………………………………………………………………….. 10
 Presentation of Analysis and Interpretation ...……………………….…..….. 11
 Review of Related Literature ……………...……………………..….……… 12
 HYPOTHESIS

We are in great need for use of flammable gases. This can be seen in the preliminary gathered data.
Based in the review in the literated literature of what the researchers read, heard and experienced. This
hypothesis served as minuet response to the specific problem presented in the study to come up with
the conclusion. This study attempted to validate the following hypothesis.

1. Is the methane gas expensive?

- The flammable methane gas is cheaper than others.

2. Where can we find such methane gas?

- We can find methane gas in cow’s manure

3. What does the cow manure’s produce?

- Cow manure can produce more flammable gas (methane gas) than the other animal’s
manure

4. Can biogas help the pollution?

- The use of biogas slows down deforestation and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas
has a positive influence on both climate change and the environment.

5. Will it cause harm to our environment?

- A biogas system converts your organic household waste or manure into cooking fuel. Biogas
replaces firewood, charcoal and kerosene.
METHODS AND PROCEDURE MATERIALS

Materials:

o Cow manure
o Container (Anything except plastics)
o Gas Hose
o Pressure Heater
o Ductape

Procedure:

1. At first we put the gas hose on a container. Making sure that the hole will not be the reason
of gas releasing.
2.Secondly, we preserved the cow manure for 5 days. We make sure that the cow manure is
newly out.
3. We let the container (with the cow manure in it ) soaked under the sun for several days
4. After soaking it under the sun, you may use it already for cooking and heating
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

o Biogas - refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic

matter in the absence of oxygen.

o Methane Gas - an odorless,colorless flammable gas. Methane is easily formed of plant or

other organic matters.

 Flammable gas - Gas that ambient temperature and and pressure forms a flammable mixture with
air at a concentration of 12 percent (or less) by volume.

o Pollution - any discharge of material or energy into water,land and air that can uses or
may cause acute or chronic to the earths ecological balance to lower the quality of life.
o Biomass - is fuel that is developed from organic materials, a renewable and sustainable
source of energy used to create electricity or other forms of power.
 Presentation of Analysis

and Interpretation of Data

Poverty is the most common problem here in our country. We did this product to help them solve their
daily problem which is gas. Why gas? Because gas is abundant and natural thing here on earth. So this is
the first product that comes on our mind because we want to help them in a very simple way and we
also want to help the nature decrease pollution by recycling materials in a new one.

All of us know that feces (poop), smells unpleasant and doesn’t give any helpful ideas. So our group
discussed and researched about feces that can help everyone of us and based on our research. Feces
has something to offer that could really solve our daily problem. The poop releases gas called
“methane” which is an odorless, colorless flammable gas. It can also produce gas which can help us
cook foods and the food is our main source of energy. So throughout this project we’ve experienced a
lot and we’ve discovered that poop could help us reduce waste dumping sides and to save money from
buying gases.

Methane is the principal gas in biogas. Methane is also the main component in natural gas, a fossil fuel.
Biogas can be used to replace natural gas in many applications including: cooking, heating, vehicular
fuel, and as a pipeline gas.

There is a limited awareness of the potential and advantages of biogas production by citizens,
government officials, and in the business sector that has limited interest in biogas production. More
education, demonstration and investment in biogas technology would help overcome these barriers.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study was taken under Manila Central University and studied by STEM 11-9 students. The data
gathered were confined to different websites.

We get the container (those can containers) first and then we set up the pressure heater and the hose
after making a small hole on the cover of the container then we sticked it all together. When the
container is already all set up we can now proceed on getting a cow’s manure.

When getting the cow’s manure, we made sure that it is freshly and newly out. We decided to take it
from the cow so that it is not that quite gross because of what the cow’s eat. After getting the cow’s
manure we put it in the container, any container except for the plastics. You can use the cans of the
milks and the paints, you may use the big ones. Put the cow’s manure almost full in the container leave
¼ space in it so that it could produce more gases. You can get the manure on any age of the cow as long
as it is newly out from the cow.
 ABSTRACT

To give a plain and simple Biomass definition, it is an organic material that comes from plants and
animals, it is a renewable source of energy. It contains stored energy that comes from the sun. Biomass
was burned directly or sometimes, it was converted to liquid biofuels or biogas that can be burned and
used as fuels to operate engines, machines and equipment. That’s why the study was conducted. Since it
is a waste, using it efficiently can be a big help to reduce decomposed waste materials instead of it
being a barrier to different rivers that causes flood and hazardous agent in having a severe water
pollution due to the chemicals it contains. But the problem is, although this product can be a big to the
society for its beneficial uses mainly, a way of reducing decomposed waste materials, a way of saving
money for its low price than lpg tanks and convenience in making such product, we need to consider
that it is still a waste that once burned, it can affect air which may result in air pollution.

In defiance of that, our group had already researched and proven that the methane gas produced from
an animal’s manure particularly a cow’s manure can produce flammable gas. Also, based on our studies
methane gas can also be formed naturally by other manure. Although there are mostly advantages and
disadvantages using biomass energy.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

A study wherein the methane gas and biomass need to be conducted in order to finish the substance of
alternative flammable gas. Biomass energy is the energy that is produced from the transformation of
organic matter. Animal waste, decomposing garbage can all be used as biomass.

• To determine effects of methane gas.

• To determine the uses of methane gas.

• To determine a substitute for the expensive flammable gas.

• To reduce decomposed materials in our surroundings or environment by converting it

into gas.

• To be able to use decomposed waste material.

 INTRODUCTION

As we all know our country is suffering from different kinds of pollution rIght now. Such as air, water and
land etc. We are also suffering from different kinds of problems. Poverty is one of this.

The solution to this problem is cow manure. This can help us decrease poverty, because it is clean,
natural and the best of all its free. Methane Gas, produce by cow manure can be turned into flammable
gas which is used in cooking, etc.

The purpose of this project is to make a secondary biomass in an affordable or easy way because you
just need a cow manure and to help other people to save a lot of money in this project.

Many countries rely on abundant and readily available energy, primarily fossil fuels. Fossil fuels consist
of crude oil, natural gas and coal and are unmatched as a source of energy. Unfortunately they are all
non-renewable

Biomass extremely important photochemical process as the plants can actually capture and store this
solar energy. This stored energy can be then be used as a fuel source. However difficulties can arise in
collecting reliable and detailed biomass energy data because biomass is usually non-marketed and is
used in a traditional manner. Developing nations such as Nepal use most biomass as primary fuel
sources (as high as 90%), mainly for cooking and basic heating. The United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) believes that when managed effectively, “biomass is a sustainable energy source.”
(Biomass Energy: Data, Analysis and Trends (IEA Conference Proceedings 23-34th March 1998)

People have used biomass energy—energy from living things—since the earliest “cave men” first made
wood fires for cooking or keeping warm.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This investigatory project aims to help our society in many ways specifically with the use of fuels.
Before we start this study, we observed the big problem about the consumption of fuels in the
Philippines. As we go deepen our observations, we go come up with this kind of investigatory topic. We
wanted to make an alternative fuels particularly in LPG tanks that we use in our houses. Biogas is a
renewable source of fuel.

To a student, this investigatory project will help you expand your study about the use of our
environment specially the one we think has no use anymore. You can add to your ideas the study that
we conducted. We, the students of our country need gain more knowledge on how we can sustain our
ecosystem for us to live longer. Sooner or later, you will be the next leaders of this world.

To the working people of this world, this project is very useful for them. We believe that we all work
for the good of our country and the biomass idea can help them to achieve that goal of making this
earth survive in every generation. They can also use this in their industries. In a big part of our economy,
the use of fuels is not a joke. We burn fuels a vast amount of it that our expectation would not meet
that’s why the use of biogas will helps us to add the source of fuels.

To our beloved families, biogas can help them make their expenses a little less because they can use
the feces of the cow. If your family lives in province, they can also do the same experiment that this
project did. We can also help them be educated about the useful use of manure in our daily routine.

To our environment, we believe that this helps our environment from being polluted. This project is
eco-friendly because of the use of natural materials. We use non-chemical compounds that can harm
our environment.

In this investigatory project, it helped us to be more resourceful and be creative. With the use of
experiment, we can make new inventions that can help the people of this earth to survive and our
environment to be healthy also. This project also shows the lesson of not all wastes are really waste.
Sometimes, we just have to discover its useful activity. With power and knowledge, we can make this
world even better and make our environment to breathe for more.
 THE PROBLEM

World without fuel or oil is useless. We can do nothing without it. Our society today needs fuel in order
to accomplish our everyday routine but nowadays, one of the most major problems of our country is the
lack of fuel. We needed to buy a vast amount of oil on other countries but that is actually another
problem --- the expensive price of fuel. In this investigatory project, we come up to this idea of making
an alternative fuel, specifically the the oil that we are using to cook food---the LPG. To guide us in this
project, questions have made before this experiment and here are those:

◦ What is biogas?

◦ Can biogas be used as a good alternative source for LPG tanks at home?

◦ What are the materials that we are going to use during the experiment?

◦ Is using the biogas is safer than the usual use of LPG tank?

◦ Is it more affordable to the most Filipino?

◦ Will it help many poor Filipinos in buying fuel?

◦ Will it cause harm to our environment?

◦ Why aren't we doing more biogas? What are the barriers to increasing biogas
production and use?

◦ What are the advantages and disadvantages of this Investigatory Project?

◦ How does this project help the people?

◦ Why is it cheaper than the usual LPG tank? (Site materials)

◦ How did the feces can be converted into something flammable?

◦ Does it have contribution to air pollution?