ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC BOUNDARY LAYER

EDDY VISCOSITY
TURBULENT CLOSURE

Vi = Vi (z) + û i (x, y,z, t)

û i = 0

û i û j = Fct( Vi ,...) ?
REYNOLDS AVERAGE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS (RANS)
Euler equations Turbulent dissipation

1
∂ t Vx + Vx ∂ x Vx + Vy ∂ y Vx +
ρ
(
∂ x P = − ∂ x û
2
+ ∂ y û v̂ + ∂z ŵ û )
1
∂ t Vy + Vx ∂ x Vy + Vy ∂ y Vy +
ρ
(
∂ y P = − ∂ y v̂
2
+ ∂ x û v̂ + ∂z ŵ v̂ )
We assume here <Vz>=0
EDDY VISCOSITY
Euler equations LAPLACE OPERATOR

1
∂ t Vx + Vx ∂ x Vx + Vy ∂ y Vx + ∂x P = ν T Δ Vx
ρ

1
∂ t Vy + Vx ∂ x Vy + Vy ∂ y Vy + ∂y P = ν T Δ Vy
ρ

Eddy viscosity coefficient nT

EDDY VISCOSITY
Turbulent dissipation LAPLACE OPERATOR

(
− ∂ x û
2
+ ∂ y û v̂ + ∂z ŵ û ) = ν T Δ Vx

(
− ∂ y v̂
2
+ ∂ x û v̂ + ∂z ŵ v̂ ) = ν T Δ Vy

Eddy viscosity coefficient nT

EDDY VISCOSITY
Turbulent dissipation LAPLACE OPERATOR

(
− ∂ x û
2
+ ∂ y û v̂ + ∂z ŵ û ) (
= νT ∂
x2
Vx + ∂ y2 Vx + ∂z2 Vx )

(
− ∂ y v̂
2
+ ∂ x û v̂ + ∂z ŵ v̂ ) (
= νT ∂
x2
Vy + ∂ y2 Vy + ∂z2 Vy )
Eddy viscosity coefficient nT
FIND THE CLOSURE RELATION
Vx (z)

parallel flow

û i û j = Fct( Vi ,...) Vy = Vz = 0

uniform along horizontal

?
EDDY VISCOSITY CLOSURE

ûŵ = −ν T∂z Vx

Physical meaning ?

Why a minus sign ?

EDDY VISCOSITY CLOSURE
The fluid parcel momentum dmVx
is conserved during the advection
<Vx>(z)

w <0 w >0
û >0 û <0

ˆ <0
uˆ w ˆ <0
uˆ w
EDDY VISCOSITY CLOSURE

<Vx>(z)
Vertical flux of
horizontal momentum

ρ ûŵ < 0

τ x = ρ ûŵ = −ρν T∂z Vx

RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE

h1
Hydraulic open channel

bottom roughness
RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE

H Vx h(x)

Hydrostatic balance

P = PH (z) = Pa + ρg(h − z)

s = ∂x h < 0
RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE
Main assumptions:
stationary, unidirectional and uniform flow

∂t A = 0 Vy = Vz = 0 ∂ x A = 0

Turbulent closure: uniform eddy viscosity

ŵ û = −ν t ∂ z Vx

RANS equations

1
∂ t Vx + Vx ∂ x Vx + Vy ∂ y Vx = − ∂ x P − ∂z ŵ û
ρ
RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE
Main assumptions:
stationary, unidirectional and uniform flow

∂t A = 0 Vy = Vz = 0 ∂ x A = 0

Turbulent closure: uniform eddy viscosity

ŵ û = −ν t ∂ z Vx

RANS equations

1
0 = − ∂ x P + ν t∂z2 Vx
ρ
RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE

Second order ODE:

g gs
∂ z2 Vx (z) = ∂xh = = Cst
νt νt

Two boundary conditions:

νt ∂
z
Vx (h) = 0

Vx (0) = 0
RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE
gs
∂
z2
Vx (z) =
νt
Vx (0) = 0 νt ∂
z
Vx (h) = 0

gs 1
Vx (z) = ( 2 z − H)z ½ - Poiseuille flow
νt

h
gs H 3
Q= ∫ Vx (z)dz = −
0 νt 3
RIVER OR MARINE FLOW EXEMPLE
gs
∂
z2
Vx (z) =
νt
Vx (0) = 0 νt ∂
z
Vx (h) = 0

Tidal channel : gs 1
Vx (z) = ( 2 z − H)z ½ - Poiseuille flow
H~45m, V0~2.5m/s, s ~ 0.1% νt

gH 3
νT ≈ 2.6 m 2 .s−1 >> ν water ≈ 10−6 m 2 .s−1 ν t = −s
3Q
EDDY VISCOSITY : BOUNDARY LAYER PROFILE