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Boussinesq Equation
Assumption
1 Soil mass is elastic continuum
2 Soil is homogenus
3 Soil is isotropic
4 Soil mass is semi-infinite
Assume �_𝑧=0.1 𝑄
1.5
2
1.5
2.5
Vertical stress distribution on a horizontal plane
Chart Ti
Assume z= 2m 0.14
0.12
Assume r= 1m
IB
Chart Ti
Depth z r/z
1 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05
0.25 4 0.000401 0.006411 Q 1.006411 0
0.5 2 0.008541 0.034165 Q 1.034165
0.75 1.333333 0.037128 0.066005 Q 1.066005 1
1 1 0.084405 0.084405 Q 1.084405
1.25 0.8 0.138622 0.088718 Q 1.088718 2
θ z
θ z
z
β1
2θ
β2
where β1 +β2 = 2ɸ
z α1 α2 I x
1 0.4 1.375235 0.100354 3.438088 0.1 -3.43809
2.2 0.88 1.80341 0.100113 4.508526 0.1 -4.50853
3.4 1.36 2.188875 0.100155 5.472187 0.1 -5.47219
4.6 1.84 2.531025 0.100128 6.327563 0.1 -6.32756
5.8 2.32 2.832849 0.100087 7.082122 0.1 -7.08212
7 2.8 3.097819 0.100051 7.744547 0.1 -7.74455
8.2 3.28 3.313838 0.10094 8.284594 0.1 -8.28459
9.4 3.76 3.517182 0.100621 8.792955 0.1 -8.79295
10.6 4.24 3.690838 0.100389 9.227095 0.1 -9.2271
11.8 4.72 3.835986 0.100229 9.589966 0.1 -9.58997
13 5.2 3.953502 0.100125 9.883755 0.1 -9.88375
14.2 5.68 4.043987 0.100061 10.10997 0.1 -10.11
15.4 6.16 4.08511 0.100693 10.21277 0.1 -10.2128
16.6 6.64 4.132429 0.10034 10.33107 0.1 -10.3311
17.8 7.12 4.14927 0.100141 10.37317 0.1 -10.3732
19 7.6 4.135912 0.100036 10.33978 0.1 -10.3398
20.2 8.08 4.090025 0.100024 10.22506 0.1 -10.2251
21.4 8.56 4.014427 0.099998 10.03607 0.1 -10.0361
22.6 9.04 3.878835 0.100401 9.697088 0.1 -9.69709
23.8 9.52 3.757438 0.099995 9.393595 0.1 -9.39359
25 10 3.57228 0.099944 8.930701 0.1 -8.9307
26.2 10.48 3.336359 0.099913 8.340897 0.1 -8.3409
27.4 10.96 3.060808 0.099678 7.652019 0.1 -7.65202
28.6 11.44 2.656584 0.099864 6.641459 0.1 -6.64146
30 12 2.5 0.097136 6.25 0.1 -6.25
θ z
where m = B/z
n = L/z
B 1
L 1
z 1
m 1
n 1
IN 0.17522
P 4 5m
4 3
8m
q 20 t/m2
B 2.5 m
L 4m
z 2m
m 1.25
n 2
IN 0.215
σz 17.179 t/m2
Westergard Equation
Assumption
1 Soil mass is elastic continuum
2 Soil is non homgenus It is used for precompressed clays
3 thin sheet of rigid materials sandwitched in homegenous soil
4 Soil mass is semi-infinite
μ Poisson ratio 0
c 0.707107
𝐼_𝑊 = 1/( 𝜋
[1+2(𝑟/𝑧)^2 ]
^(3∕2) )
Fense's Chart
Sand Deposit
In case of sand, experimental evidence indicate that Eh/Ev is consideraly less than 1
Distribution of vertical pressure in sand can be computed from semi-emperical equation of Frohlich with concentration fac
Normally and light overconsolidation clays : Eh/Ev approximately one Boussinesq solution
Heavy overconsolidation clays : 1.5<Eh/Ev < 3 Westergaard
Sands : Eh/Ev < 1 Frohlich with m'=4
Variable deposist Boussinesq solution
1
B
z 2
B+z
Contact Pressure distribution
In the derivation of above formale is assumed that footing is flexible and contact pressure distribution is uniform and equa
footing resisting on semi-elastic mass and footing is flexible and base is frictionless
soil structure interaction
Kr Relative rigidity of footing-soil system
This equation valid for cohesive soil which behaves like an elastic soil mass
Kr Infinity for perfectly rigid footing
In cohesionless soil, soil at centre is confined and therefore high modulus of elasticity which also increase with depth due
Soil being unconfined at edge has low modulus of elasticity , however if the footing is embedded there will be finite contac
Kr 0 for perfectly flexible footing
Consolidation
As the effective stress increase, volume of soil decrease. The decrease in vol. is generally expressed as change in void ratio
Effective stress increase due to transfer of pressure of pressure to solid paticle
Chart Title
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1.5
2
1.5
2.5
Chart Title
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Chart Title
1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.1
𝑏=𝐵∕2
�_1=𝑧∕𝑏
tan 〖� _2=((�_2+1)/�_1 ) 〗
Pressure bulb
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
^(−1) 𝑚𝑛/
for precompressed clays
hlich with concentration factor or index m'=4
ibution is uniform and equal to q
minimum at centre 0.5 q for circular footing & 0.67q for stip footing
Its maximum deflection is at the centre