Académique Documents
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1756-2:2004
+A1:2009
ICS 53.020.99
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
National foreword
English Version
Hayons élévateurs - Hayons élévateurs à monter sur Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an
véhicules roulants - Prescriptions de sécurité - Partie 2: Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 2:
Hayons élévateurs pour passagers Hubladebühnen für Passagiere
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 19 June 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Contents page
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................... 8
4 List of hazards ......................................................................................................................... 11
5 Safety requirements and/or measures.................................................................................. 21
5.1 General requirements ............................................................................................................. 21
5.1.1 Sizes and capacities of tail lifts ............................................................................................. 21
5.2 Working area ........................................................................................................................... 22
5.2.1 Lighting .................................................................................................................................... 22
5.2.2 Hand rails ................................................................................................................................. 22
5.3 Manual effort............................................................................................................................ 23
5.4 Operating speeds .................................................................................................................... 23
5.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 23
5.4.2 Vertical speed .......................................................................................................................... 23
5.4.3 Opening and closing speeds ................................................................................................. 23
5.4.4 Tilting speed ............................................................................................................................ 23
5.5 Passenger stability ................................................................................................................. 23
5.5.1 Rotary lifts ............................................................................................................................... 23
5.5.2 Stop devices ............................................................................................................................ 23
5.6 Limitations of travel ................................................................................................................ 24
5.7 Layout of wires and pipes ...................................................................................................... 24
5.8 Unauthorised operation.......................................................................................................... 24
5.9 Isolation of energy sources ................................................................................................... 24
5.10 Tail lift stowage ....................................................................................................................... 25
5.10.1 Indication ................................................................................................................................. 25
5.10.2 Security .................................................................................................................................... 25
5.11 Crushing and shearing ........................................................................................................... 25
5.12 Structure working coefficients .............................................................................................. 25
5.13 Platform .................................................................................................................................... 25
5.13.1 Surface ..................................................................................................................................... 25
5.13.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge .................................................................................................. 26
5.13.3 Visibility of platform................................................................................................................ 26
5.13.4 Protection of pedestrians ....................................................................................................... 26
5.14 Drive systems .......................................................................................................................... 26
5.14.1 Unintentional movements ...................................................................................................... 26
5.14.2 Mechanical suspension systems .......................................................................................... 27
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems .................................................................................................................. 28
5.15 Safety devices ......................................................................................................................... 29
5.15.1 Safety mechanisms................................................................................................................. 29
5.15.2 Springs inside safety devices ................................................................................................ 30
5.16 Loading control ....................................................................................................................... 30
5.16.1 Prevention of lifting excessive loads .................................................................................... 30
5.16.2 Excessive moment .................................................................................................................. 30
5.17 Control devices ....................................................................................................................... 30
5.17.1 Controls for the use of disabled passengers ....................................................................... 30
5.17.2 Hold-to-run principle............................................................................................................... 30
5.17.3 Logic ......................................................................................................................................... 30
5.17.4 Unintentional operation .......................................................................................................... 30
5.17.5 One control device for several movements ......................................................................... 31
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EC Directives ................... 59
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the
Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC" ..................................................... 60
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................... 61
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98
“Lifting platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2010, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2010.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts
of this document."
Part 1 relates specifically to tail lifts for goods (whether or not accompanied by an operator);
Part 2 covers the special requirements of tail lifts for passengers, including those with disabilities.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Introduction
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of
this standard.
a) designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, including all
failure modes;
d) free of defects;
⎯ components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain
fulfilled despite wear;
⎯ by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading
ranging from zero to 100 % of the rated possibilities and during the tests;
⎯ a mechanical device built according to good practice and the requirements of the standard, will
not deteriorate to a point of creating a hazard without the possibility of detection;
⎯ a negotiation takes place between the manufacturer of the tail lift and the installer for the
characteristics of the supporting wheeled vehicle (see also clause 6), the fitting of the tail lift on or
in the vehicle and between the installer and the user relating to the specific conditions of the use,
places of use of the machinery, also some of the characteristics of the vehicle and the
appropriate language;
⎯ the working area is adequately lit (if lighting is not provided with the tail lift);
⎯ if the place of installations allows a vertical falling height of persons of more than 3 m
notwithstanding the limited travel height indicated in the scope, means external to the machine
are used to limit this falling height to 3 m.
When the provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
1 Scope
Part 2 of standard EN 1756 specifies safety requirements for design of tail lifts as defined in 3.1 for
mounting on wheeled passenger vehicles.
Vehicles for the loading of disabled passengers onto aircraft and ships are included within the scope
of the standard (although dock-mounted lifts are excluded).
It also specifies the verification of such tail lifts and the safety information that shall be provided for
their use.
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in clause 4 which
can arise during the operation of tail lifts when carried out in accordance with the specifications as
intended by the manufacturer or his authorised representative.
⎯ used for the purpose of embarking and/or disembarking passengers to and from such vehicles;
⎯ intended to be fitted, temporarily or permanently, either inside or on the front, side or rear of the
wheeled vehicle;
⎯ equipped with a platform to support passengers who may be pedestrians or riders in wheelchairs
and may be accompanied by an attendant.
Embarking and/or disembarking operations include the use of a tail lift to lift and/or lower passengers,
and if specifically approved by the manufacturer, for use as a link bridge.
The standard covers the significant hazards which could occur when a tail lift is used as intended and
under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. A list of significant hazards is given in clause 4.
This document is not applicable to tail lifts which are manufactured before the date of publication of
this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 811, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower
limbs
EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 61310-2, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for
marking (IEC 630-2:995)
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
EN ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part :
Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 200-:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2
Technical principles and specifications (ISO 200-2:2003)
EN ISO 14122-2, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 422-2:200)
3.1
tail lift
lifting device suitable for installation on or in a wheeled passenger vehicle and which is used for
embarking passengers into or disembarking passengers from such a vehicle. Such passengers may
in particular be of reduced mobility and include those in wheelchairs
The device consists essentially of a platform, a drive system, a support structure and one or more
control positions
3.2
link bridge
application of a tail lift in which the platform is used to span from its associated vehicle to any elevated
position for the purpose of transferring passengers to or from the vehicle
3.3
tail lift mechanisms
see annex A (informative)
3.4
types of Tail lifts
see annex A (informative)
3.5
wheeled passenger vehicle
vehicle, or vehicle body which is intended for carrying persons, for road, off-road or rail transport, see
also scope
3.6
operator
any person given the task of operating the tail lift
3.7
responsible person
any person – driver, trained attendant, conductor – who is in charge of supervising the use of the tail
lift
3.8
manufacturer
the one which makes the tail lift
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
3.9
travelling position
any configuration which the tail lift is intended to have while the vehicle is in motion
3.10
working position
any configuration of the tail lift in which the platform is intended to handle passengers
3.11
operating position
any configuration of the tail lift other than its travelling position
3.12
opening
any movement of the platform between a travelling position and a working position
3.13
closing
any movement of the platform from a working position to a travelling position
3.14
tilting
any angular movement to adjust vertically the platform when it is in a working position
3.15
working area
area on and around the platform and the controls
3.16
danger zone
any zone on, under or in the path of the platform as well as around any part of the mechanism in
which a person is exposed to risk of injury or damage to health
NOTE This definition should not preclude the platform being a working area.
3.17
platform width
dimension of the platform measured parallel to the edge adjacent to the vehicle (see Figure 1)
In the case of a rotary lift having a rectangular platform, the width is the dimension of the platform
perpendicular to the direction in which the passenger moves when entering and leaving the platform.
3.18
platform depth
dimension of the platform measured perpendicularly to the edge adjacent to the vehicle (see Figure 1)
In the case of a rotary lift having a rectangular platform, the depth is the dimension of the platform
parallel with the direction in which the passenger moves when entering and leaving the platform.
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Key
1 Platform width
2 Platform depth
3.19
effective area
area defined by the effective width and the effective depth of the platform
3.20
platform vertical travel distance
distance between the lowest and the highest positions respectively the platform can assume when its
surface is horizontal (see Figure 2)
Key
3.21
vertical speed
platform vertical travel distance divided by the time taken by the platform to move through this
distance
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
3.22
load
any mass applied to the platform surface. It includes the mass of any passenger, attendant,
wheelchair or mobility aid
3.23
maximum load
highest permissible load uniformly distributed over the effective area of the platform
3.24
control device
any device used to operate the tail lift
3.25
control position
any location equipped with the necessary control devices to allow the tail lift to be operated. In the
case of portable controls, the control position is any location in which the operator may stand when
using the portable control
3.26
drive system
any devices used to generate the movements of the tail lift (see annex D (normative))
3.27
working pressure
pressure at which each component is designed to operate in steady-state lifting and/or tilting
conditions
3.28
maximum working pressure
pressure resulting from transient conditions or from the application of permitted load to the platform for
example during link bridge operations or when the vehicle is standing on a gradient
3.29
installer
any person or organisation given the task of fitting and commissioning the tail lift onto the vehicle
3.30
trained person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided
with the necessary instructions to enable the required operation, test and/or examination to be carried
out safely
3.31
appropriate language
language of the country in which the tail lift’s wheeled vehicle is first registered, or, by agreement with
the vehicle specifier, a language of the country in which the vehicle will be predominantly used
4 List of hazards
This clause contains the hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this
document, identified by risk assessment significant for this type of machinery and which require action
to eliminate or reduce risk (see Table 1).
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
a) shape; X 5.13.3
b) relative location X
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-2
cable Appli-
cable
4.2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct X NOT DEALT WITH
contact)
4.2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have X NOT DEALT WITH
become live under faulty conditions (indirect
contact)
4.2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage X NOT DEALT WITH
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-2
cable Appli-
cable
4.6.5 Lasers X
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-
cable Appli- 2
cable
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-2
cable Appli-
cable
X annex C; annex D
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-2
cable Appli-
cable
b) rollover X
4.21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions X 5.2.1; 5.18; annex B;
annex E
4.22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their X 5.17.2; 5.17.3; annex
mode of operation E; annex F
4.24.1 Hazards from the engine and the batteries X NOT DEALT WITH
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-2
cable Appli-
cable
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (continued)
4.27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts X 5.12; 5.13; 5.14;
annex D
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to underground work
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1 (concluded)
Clause Hazards Appli Not Clause of EN 1756-2
cable Appli-
cable
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving of
persons
The following additional hazards relate specifically to handicaps of passengers which could involve
risks to themselves or other persons if not reduced or eliminated.
The corresponding requirements are designed to limit risks or reduce the hazards in each situation
(see Table 1A).
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Except where otherwise specified in the text, tail lifts shall generally comply with the provisions of:
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause and in attention
with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt
with in this standard.
The requirements for maximum load and platform size depend on the category of vehicle on which the
tail lift is intended to be used. Capacities and platform sizes shall conform to the figures stated in
Table 1B.
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 1B –
NOTE It is recognised that physical limitations of door sizes and vehicles may dictate deviations from above
mentioned sizes.
5.2.1 Lighting
Where necessary, suitable work lighting shall be provided to the passenger area.
Any category A or B tail lift in which the platform has a vertical travel exceeding 500 mm shall be
provided with a hand rail or grip to give stability to passengers. Wherever the design permits, two
hand rails or grips should be provided. Preferably, the hand rail(s) should move with the platform. A
section through the hand rail shall have a linear dimension (e.g. height, width, diameter, or diagonal)
not less than 25 m and its surface shall be of a contrasting colour and provide adequate grip.
If the hand rail(s) move with the platform, they shall be located between 650 mm and 1100 mm above
the platform surface. Otherwise, fixed hand rail(s) shall span the same range of heights relative to the
range of platform movements. The hand rail(s) shall be located in a suitable position to give easy
access to a standing passenger or wheelchair occupant.
!When it is foreseen (e.g. maintenance) that the fixed guard rails will be removed regularly then the
fastenings shall remain attached to the guard rail segments or to the platform."
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
In the case of passenger-operated tail lifts, the manual effort required to operate the lift shall not
exceed 50 N and the manual effort for finger activation of controls shall not exceed 5 N (see clause 6).
In other cases, the manual effort required to operate the tail lift shall not exceed 200 N.
NOTE These requirements do not apply to the effort used when handling passengers, nor for back-up
manual operation (see 5.14.3.9).
5.4.1 General
The measurements shall be carried on with a tolerance of ± 10 % and in the worst loading conditions.
The vertical speed of the platform shall not exceed 0,15 m/s.
If the platform is opened or closed other than by manual effort, the opening and closing speeds shall
not exceed 0,2 m/s unless provision is made to automatically arrest the movement of the lift should
any part of it meet an obstruction. If such provision is made, the maximum speed shall not exceed
0,6 m/s.
NOTE For certain types of movements, for example linear deployment of platforms of underfloor lifts, it may
be necessary to use a lower maximum speed to ensure safety.
If the platform has its slope adjusted other than by manual effort, then any control device fitted to the
platform, or accessible to an operator on the platform shall not be capable of causing the platform to
°
tilt at an angular speed exceeding 4 /s.
In any other circumstances, tilting speed shall not exceed opening or closing speeds as appropriate.
On any rotary tail lift, there shall be a device to prevent sudden stopping of the platform at either end
of the rotation arc. The device shall be such that there will not be any likelihood of the passenger
becoming unbalanced at the end of rotary movements even on the steepest camber.
If the platform is designed to lift a wheelchair, then it shall be provided with a device (see clause 6) to
prevent the wheelchair from rolling unintentionally off the edge of the platform remote from the vehicle.
For category A and B tail lifts, such a device shall be mechanically operated to provide a positive
barrier.
For category A tail lifts, such a device shall also be automatic in operation, and its vertical height when
deployed shall be at least 100 mm.
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
For category B tail lifts, such a device shall have a vertical height when deployed of at least 70 mm
and shall either be automatic in operation, or interlocked with the lifting and lowering functions of the
lift, or supported by an audible or visible warning system.
For category C tail lifts, such a device shall have an effective height of at least 25 mm and may be of
mechanical or fixed construction.
In all cases, the width of the device shall be sufficient to prevent wheelchairs from rolling inadvertently
from the platform.
Any automatic roll protection device shall be reliable under all foreseeable operating conditions. In lieu
of protection devices, alternative means may be employed providing they ensure an equivalent level
of safety.
Unless the platform width is greater than 1200 mm, then guards shall be provided to reduce the risk of
the wheelchair rolling off the side of the platform.
⎯ at least 25 mm high;
All movements of the tail lift shall be limited at end of travel by mechanical means.
Unshielded hydraulic pipes and electric wires shall be placed and fitted so as to avoid damage due to
movements resulting from the operation of the tail lift or the vehicle.
The tail lift shall be equipped with a system to prevent any unauthorised operation in the absence of
the operator.
a) current limiting devices shall be provided to prevent excessive electrical current occurring in the
control and main power circuits. In the case of the main power circuit, the device shall be
mounted as close to the battery as is practicable:
Example 1: a fuse,
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
5.10.1 Indication
With the exception of internally mounted tail lifts, it shall be possible, day and night, for the driver at
his normal driving position to ascertain that the lift is in its travelling position.
5.10.2 Security
When in its travelling position, a tail lift shall be stowed securely so as to reduce the risk of becoming
displaced in the event of a collision of the carrier vehicle.
Annex B gives some typical examples to avoid risk of crushing and shearing. See also clause 8
“Information for use” and EN 349.
Otherwise alternative safety measures shall be adopted to ensure that neither the operator nor any
person standing on or around the platform are running any avoidable risk.
For the structural components of the tail lift the working coefficients based on the yield strength of the
material shall be not less than 2,1.
5.13 Platform
5.13.1 Surface
The platform surface shall be resistant to slipping. It shall resist slipping at the maximum lateral and
longitudinal angles that the manufacturer foresees that the platform may adopt in an elevated working
position. Slip resistance shall be measured by the methods defined in EN ISO 14122-2. It shall be
easy to remove hazardous substances, particularly ice, snow and fluid without damaging the surface.
Any part of the platform on which an operator may walk or stand shall be free from any permanent
impediment that might cause tripping. The following exceptions are permitted:
a) a safety barrier;
c) any lighting device, control for a stop device or foot controls not exceeding 25 mm high.
Any part of the platform on which an operator may not walk or stand shall be clearly marked.
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Any gaps or holes within the effective area of the platform shall not accept a probe greater than
15 mm diameter.
If the platform is designed (see clause 6) to allow use as a link bridge, then the tail lift shall be
equipped with such devices as may be necessary to ensure safe use in that application.
Example 1: A device to allow the platform to float towards the closed position;
Example 2: A device for stabilising the vehicle level during embarking or disembarking operations.
Information shall also be provided by means of safety labels and operator’s instructions to highlight
any special precautions necessary.
If, in an operating position, the platform protrudes beyond the extremities of the vehicle, warning
devices shall be fitted so that it can be seen from all approachable sides in the daylight and at night.
Example 1: Lights
NOTE National regulations out of the scope of Machinery Directive may be applicable.
In the event that the platform may deploy fully or partially over a pavement, then visible or audible
warning means shall be provided to reduce the risk of collision by pedestrians.
NOTE Requirements for lead screw and nuts have not been take in consideration.
5.14.1.1 General
The drive system shall be designed in such a way that only intentional movements induced by control
shall be possible. Whenever the control is not being operated, the tail lift shall remain motionless
(see 5.17.1) with the exceptions of drift, (F.2.2) and hands-free control (5.17.2).
Example 1: Mechanical drives with self-braking capability or with independent direct acting brakes,
Tail lifts equipped with an hydraulic system shall be designed so that in case the hydraulic circuit
leaks the maximum speed for any movement shall not exceed the usual operating speed by more
than 50 %. Furthermore, after the control has been released no part of the platform shall move more
than 100 mm (drifts due to internal leakage are not taken into account).
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
In the case of any tail lift, whose platform vertical travel does not exceed 1,6 m, the platform may
continue to descend in the event of a hose or pipe failure at a rate not exceeding 0,165 m/s (even
after the control has been released).
Any tail lift in which the platform is suspended by rope, chain, lead screws and nuts, or toothed racks
and pinions shall be equipped with a device which, in the event of a failure of such a suspension,
would arrest the descent of the platform on the side where the failure has occurred within 100 mm of
its position at the time of failure. Such a safety device shall be effective when the platform is at rest or
whilst being lifted or lowered.
Example 1: Slack wire/chain detector and associated automatic platform arresting device
Splices, cast rope sockets, swaged aluminium or steel sockets shall be used as wire rope
terminations.
Rope clamps based on a U-bolt are permissible only if their equivalence is proved.
The working coefficient of the wire ropes related to their minimum breaking load shall be not less than
7 if strict discard criteria for the rope are specified by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the working
coefficient shall be not less than 8.
The minimum diameter of pulleys measured at the bottom of the groove shall be not less than
12 times the diameter of the associated wire rope.
Wire rope drums shall be designed to prevent rope entanglement. If entanglement cannot be reliably
prevented, then ropes shall be wound on drums in a single layer only. When the lifting platform is in its
lowest position, there shall remain at least two turns of rope on the drum. The ratio of drum diameter
to rope diameter shall be not less than 16.
The working coefficient of chain related to their breaking load shall not be less than 8.
The minimum diameter of a chain pulley or sprocket measured at the chain pitch circle shall be not
less than 4,8 times the pitch of the chain (see annex D (normative), Figure D.4).
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EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
The installation of all wire rope pulleys or chain pulleys and sprockets shall be designed to retain the
wire rope or chain in position.
The angle between a wire rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its associated pulley shall not
exceed 5 °.
The angle between a wire rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its associated drum shall not
exceed 2,5 °.
The angle between a chain and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its pulley or its sprocket shall not
exceed 1,5 °.
If two or more wire ropes or chains are used to support the platform, then a device shall be provided
for adjusting the effective length of at least one rope or chain.
Where the suspension of the platform comprises a wire rope in association with a drum, a safety
device shall be provided which, in the event of a slack rope condition, will disable the lowering
function.
If ropes, chains, lead screws and nuts or racks and pinions are provided as unloaded secondary
suspensions to take the load, should the primary suspension fail, then it shall not be possible after the
breakage of the primary suspension to move the tail lift other than towards its travelling position when
discharged.
5.14.3.1 General
Adjustments of pressure limited devices, flow regulators loading control devices shall at least be made
detectable (e.g. sealed cap, lead sealing). These requirements are not applied when they are
protected against an unauthorised action (e.g. if special tool is needed).
The rating of hoses with their associated fittings shall be such that bursting pressure is at least four
times the maximum pressure that the hose may be exposed to in its application.
28
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Pressure limiting devices shall be provided to prevent the application to any hydraulic system of a
pressure higher than 1,25 times the working pressure.
The pressure-limiting device shall not operate in response to any load being applied to an elevated
platform.
5.14.3.4 Bleeding
Provision shall be made to facilitate bleeding of any air from the hydraulic system.
Each hydraulic circuit shall have an easily accessible place where a pressure gauge can be
connected.
5.14.3.6 Filter
Any hydraulic circuit shall be fitted with a device to filter the fluid in order to prevent suspended
particles damaging the system.
5.14.3.7 Reservoir
A reservoir shall be provided that shall have at least 10 % more effective capacity than that necessary
for normal tail lift operation, in order to ensure an uninterrupted flow of fluid to the pump.
If the reservoir is vented to atmosphere, a filter/breather shall be provided for the incoming air.
5.14.3.8 Draining
Provision shall be made to facilitate the draining of fluid from the hydraulic system.
Category A and B tail lifts shall be provided with manually operated systems capable of achieving any
lifting, lowering, opening or closing movements of the lift that are normally powered, in the event of
their failure.
Category C tail lifts shall be provided with manually operated systems capable of achieving any
opening or lowering movements of the lift that are normally powered, in the event of their failure.
Mechanical safety devices and mechanical parts of other safety devices shall preferably operate
through active positive action. They shall work effectively in all foreseeable conditions.
29
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Any mechanical safety device incorporating springs shall, unless its long-term durability has already
been proven, be so designed to retain its effectiveness in the event of failure of a single spring
element.
A tail lift shall not be capable of lifting more than 125 % of its maximum load from the ground (for
testing, see annex F (normative)).
To minimise hazards due to excessive moments on the platform, any platform whose depth exceeds
1200 mm shall be durably marked to show the limits of acceptable wheelchair and passenger position.
In view of the varying nature of disabilities of passengers, it is recognised that, for all applications in
which the passenger himself may operate the tail lift (particularly in the case of category c tail lifts), the
use of conventional controls may not be possible. Accordingly, for these cases, special controls may
be designed or adapted to use whatever mobility a passenger may have. Whilst it may not in all cases
be possible to meet the detailed provisions of 5.17, an equivalent level of safety should be achieved.
(See clause 6).
Every control device of hold to run principle shall be designed in such a way that the tail lift shall stop
moving and remain motionless after the control is released (see 5.14.1).
b) adequate measures are taken to automatically arrest any movements of the tail lift that may
cause shearing, crushing, cutting, severing, or impact hazards, in the event of contact with
an obstruction of any part of the passenger or wheelchair, and
c) the responsible person is capable of seeing directly or indirectly the passenger and danger
zones during operation of the tail lift, and
d) stop buttons are provided, accessible to the passenger and the responsible person.
(Resetting of such a stop button shall only be possible by the responsible person).
5.17.3 Logic
Every control device shall be designed in such a way that the direction of the control operation is
logically consistent with the movement generated.
30
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Any cordless remote control, e. g. radio, infra-red or ultrasonic, shall also be designed to reduce as far
as practicable the risk of unintentional operation due to external interference (see 9.2.7 of
EN 60204-1:1997).
If several movements are initiated simultaneously by one control device, means shall be provided to
prevent any possible risks associated with potentially dangerous conflicting movements.
If for safety reasons, several control devices are provided for one movement, then the following
requirements shall be met:
a) the distance between the control devices shall be such that both hands or both feet shall
necessarily be used to operate the controls;
b) the movement shall take place only after all relevant control devices have been actuated;
c) the movement shall stop as soon as one or more of the controls is released;
d) the designs of such systems shall prevent an operator from negating the safety feature by fixing
any control.
The specification of two hand control device shall comply with EN 574:1996, clause 5, Table 1, type I.
If more than one control positions are provided, then any risk associated with conflicting commands
shall be prevented.
Priority between multiple control positions shall be determined taking into account the intended use of
the tail lift.
Control positions shall be located so as to give the operator a secure working position and also good
visibility of the passenger (unless the passenger is the operator), the platform and surrounding areas.
They shall also be located so as to minimise risks from passing traffic.
31
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
32
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 2 (continued)
Method of verification
Calcula-
Functio- Assess-
Requirement Visual tion by Manufac-
Measu- nal ment of
exami- the turer’s
rement exami- docume
nation manufac- type test
nation ntation
turer
5.14.1 Unintentional
♥ ♦
movements
5.14.1.2 Hydraulic systems
♥ ♦
leakage
5.14.1.3 Mechanical
♥ ♦
suspensions failure
5.14.2.1 Steel wire ropes ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
5.14.2.2 Steel chains ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
5.14.2.3 Rope or chain
♦ ♦ ♦
retention
5.14.2.4 Angle of lead ♦ ♦
5.14.2.5 Adjusting device ♦ ♦
5.14.2.6 Wire rope and
♦♥
drum suspensions
5.14.2.7 Secondary
♦ ♦ ♦
suspension
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems ♦ ♦ ♦
5.14.3.2 Rating of hoses ♦ ♦ ♦
5.14.3.3 Pressure limiting
♦ ♦
device
5.14.3.4 Bleeding ♦ ♦
5.14.3.5 Pressure gauge ♦ ♦
5.15.3.6 Filter ♦ ♦
5.14.3.7 Reservoir ♦ ♦ ♦
5.14.3.8 Draining ♦ ♦
5.14.3.9 Back-up manual ♥ ♦
operation
5.15.1 Safety mechanisms ♦ ♦
5.15.2 Springs inside safety ♦
devices
5.16.1 Prevention of lifting ♥ ♦ ♦
excessive loads
5.16.2 Excessive moment ♦ ♦
5.17.1 Controls to be used ♥ ♥ ♦
by disabled passengers
5.17.2 Hold-to-run principle ♦ ♦
5.17.3 Logic ♦♥ ♦ ♦
5.17.4 Unintentional ♦ ♦
operation
♥ : for the installer, as defined by the manufacturer procedure (see 8.4.2.2).
♦ : for the manufacturer
♠: user
33
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Table 2 (concluded)
Method of verification
Calcula-
Functio- Assess-
Requirement Visual tion by Manufac-
Measu- nal ment of
exami- the turer’s
rement exami- docume
nation manufac- type test
nation ntation
turer
5.17.5 One control device ♦ ♦
for several movements
5.17.6 Several control ♦ ♦
devices for one movement
5.18.1 Multiple control ♦♥ ♦ ♦
positions
5.18.2 Location of control ♥ ♦
positions
♥ : for the installer, as defined by the manufacturer procedure (see 8.4.2.2).
♦ : for the manufacturer
♠: user
8.1 General
Information for use may consist of text, words, signs, signals, symbols or diagrams, used separately
or in combination. It is directed to the installer and the user.
The information for use is an integral part of the supply of the tail lift.
This information shall comply with clause 5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and with the following additional
provisions:
The manufacturer shall advise whether or not the tail lift may be used as a link bridge. If this use is
allowed, information shall be provided describing the devices equipping the tail lift to ensure a safe
use in that application. The information shall include:
⎯ a device(s) for stabilising the vehicle level during loading and unloading operations where
appropriate.
⎯ the maximum load capacity; this information shall be permanently marked in a position
clearly visible from the working area (see EN 61310-2).
34
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
⎯ Non-intended use:
⎯ lifting of goods.
⎯ Inherent risks:
⎯ falling;
⎯ rolling off
⎯ Any part of the platform on which an operator shall not walk or stand shall be clearly marked.
⎯ Information shall also be provided by means of safety labels and operator’s instructions to
highlight any special precautions necessary.
⎯ Controls shall be legible and durably marked with symbols or text clearly indicating the resulting
direction of movement. Portable control devices shall also have an unequivocal marking of their
own orientation (for examples, see annex E (informative)).
⎯ a name plate shall be permanently fitted to the tail lift by the manufacturer. It shall be durably
marked, and legible and bear at least the following information:
⎯ the business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his
authorised representative;
⎯ serial or manufacturing number and year of construction, that is the year in which the
manufacturing process is completed;
⎯ Where the maximum load depends on its location on the platform, a durably marked load plate
shall be permanently fitted and apparent from the main control station to indicate, preferably in
clear diagrammatic form or by means of tables, the maximum load for each load position.
8.4.2 Handbooks
The manufacturer shall advise the user to support the platform securely before carrying out inspection
or maintenance.
35
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
⎯ minimum diameter and quality of bolts, rivets and all means of fitting between the tail lift and the
vehicle (where provided by the installer);
⎯ stability of the vehicle and tail lift combination: the manufacturer shall give the weight and the
location of the centre of gravity of the unloaded tail lift and of the load.
⎯ location of control position (see annex B and Figures B.1 and B.2);
⎯ welding instructions;
⎯ intended uses;
⎯ any special safety precautions which are needed if the platform is allowed to be used as a
link bridge;
⎯ special safety precautions which are needed to compensate for known specific physical or
mental handicaps of the passenger.
⎯ advice to check on a daily basis the presence and effectiveness of all safety and warning devices,
safety labels and information and to take action to rectify any deficiency;
36
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
⎯ the provision of suitable work lighting to the loading area where necessary;
⎯ operator’s positions allowing an adequate view of the working area, the load and any danger
zones;
⎯ for category A and B tail lifts, advice to the operator wherever he intends to ride on the platform to
leave sufficient space when positioning a wheelchair on the platform so that he can stand without
risk of falling;
⎯ when removable handrails are provided, instruction shall be given that these shall be fitted
whenever there is a risk of falling more than 2 m;
⎯ a statement that the emission sound pressure level at the operator’s position is expected not to
exceed 70 dB(A);
⎯ the operating method to be followed in the event of accident or breakdown; if a blockage is likely
to occur, the operating method to be followed so as to enable the equipment to be safely
unblocked;
⎯ a test report detailing the static and dynamic tests carried out by or for the manufacturer or his
authorised representative."
Wherever possible, the above instructions shall be provided in the form of diagrams or pictograms
(See 5.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003).
⎯ nature and frequency of inspections and the need for corrective action;
⎯ regular inspection including the presence and effective operation of all safety devices;
⎯ exceptional inspection, including tests according to annex F (normative) after any major
alterations or repairs;
⎯ the tail lift manufacturer shall be in a position to supply on request a detailed list of service
replacement parts;
⎯ main types of failure and their solutions, mentioning safety measures to be taken, e.g.:
⎯ structural failure;
37
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
⎯ hydraulic leaks;
⎯ lubrication,
⎯ recommended lubricants, hydraulic fluid, minimum and maximum fluid levels according to
platform positions, pressure setting;
⎯ provisions for the installer’s declaration of installation in conformity with the manufacturer’s
instructions;
38
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex A
(informative)
A.1 Mechanisms
A.1.1 Parallelogram
Tail lift in which the drive system comprises a parallelogram linkage and in which the platform travels
in a circular arc. See Figures A.1, A.2 and A.3.
39
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
40
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
A.1.2 Column
Tail lift in which the drive system comprises a pair of slotted guides in which platform supporting slides
are provided, capable of being lifted or lowered by a chain or wire rope suspension. See Figure A.4.
A.1.3 Telescopic
Tail lift in which the drive system consists of two or more concentric members, one of which supports
the platform. A mechanism is provided to extend or retract one member with respect to another in
order to lift or lower the platform. See Figure A.5.
41
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
A.2 Types
A.2.1 Rotary
Tail lift in which the platform can be rotated about a vertical axis with a passenger on board. See
Figure A.6.
A.2.2 Inset
Tail lift in which the platform in its travelling position forms part of the vehicle floor. See Figure A.7.
42
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
A.2.3 Step
Tail lift in which the platform – when not being used by disabled passengers – can be converted into
one or more steps for the use of able-bodied passengers. See Figure A.8.
Tail lift which in its travelling position is fully enclosed within the vehicle body and in which the vehicle
door(s) cannot be closed unless the tail lift has been stowed. See Figures A.1, A.4 and A.6.
43
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
B.1 General
The following text shows approved methods of protecting against shearing and crushing. The list is
not exhaustive and other methods may be used which achieve an equivalent level of safety.
NOTE Except where otherwise stated, all linear dimensions are expressed in millimetres.
Where safety distances are used to eliminate shearing and crushing hazards, they should be based
on the guidance of EN 811 and EN 349 where appropriate - but bearing in mind the special
requirements of disabled passengers.
A hinged foot-protector may be provided to reduce the risk of foot entrapment as the rising platform
approaches the vehicle floor. Such a hinged foot protector may be mounted either to the platform or
the vehicle floor.
NOTE Such hinged foot protectors can also serve the function of a bridge plate between the platform and
the floor.
If a platform mounted hinged foot protector alternative is adopted, then it shall be pivotally mounted to
the edge of the platform nearest to the vehicle floor. Whenever the platform is below floor level, the
protector shall be either held in a substantially vertical position or the lifting movement shall be
immobilised if it is not in such a position. The hinged protector shall be capable of being hinged into
the horizontal position when the platform is at vehicle floor level or progressively moved into such a
position as the platform approaches floor level.
The minimum height of such a hinged foot protector will depend on the vehicle floor height but shall in
no case be less than 150 mm (see Figure B.1).
44
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
!Dimensions in millimetres"
Key
If a vehicle floor mounted hinged foot protector alternative is adopted, then it shall be pivotally
mounted to the edge of the vehicle floor adjacent to the platform and so arranged that it can be
hinged from its stowed position to form a bridge to the platform. It shall be free to lift up if an
operator’s foot comes underneath it.
A minimum horizontal gap of 75 mm shall be maintained between fixed parts of the vehicle and
moving parts of the platform (see Figure B.2).
45
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
!Dimensions in millimetres"
Key
A cut-out may be provided so that if an obstruction is met during movement of the platform it can be
brought to rest before injury can occur.
If the safety cut-out option is adopted, then the cut-out shall disable any further movement in the
same direction until the obstruction has been removed.
EXAMPLE 3 - Interruptible ray-systems which stop the platform travel before crushing or shearing can
occur.
For examples 1 and 2, after actuation of the switches, the free travel of the compliant edge or contact
bar shall be greater than the stopping distance of the platform.
46
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Key
Key
In cases where the lift operator does not have a direct view of the lift during its operation (e. g., some
applications of Category A lifts) a safety device shall be provided to stop the platform and reverse its
motion when the movement of the lift might trap or crush objects.
47
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
48
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Categories A, B and C
Key
1 Deployed height
Key
1 Deployed height
Key
1 Deployed height
49
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Category C only
Key
1 Height
50
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex D
(normative)
As a general rule only wire rope diameters should not be less than 4,5 mm.
51
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Key
1 Flare angle
2 Groove radius
3 Groove depth
4 Bottom of groove diameter
52
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Key
1 5° max.
Key
1 2,5° max.
53
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Key
54
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex E
(informative)
Marking
Key
1 Up
Key
1 Up
2 Down
55
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex F
(normative)
F.2.1 Deformation
The unladen platform is positioned mid-way between ground level and vehicle floor level and
measurements are taken of the height of the platform and its angular attitude relative to the vehicle
floor.
A load of 125 % of the maximum load is applied to the platform, and subsequently removed.
By repeating measurements of the height and attitude of the platform, verify that no permanent
deformation has occurred in any part of the tail lift or its attachment to the vehicle which could affect
the function of the tail lift.
F.2.2 Drift
A load of 125 % of the maximum load is applied to the platform, positioned at floor vehicle floor level.
Measurements are taken of the height of the platform and its angular attitude relative to the vehicle
floor. These measurements are repeated after a 15 min test period.
Verify that the vertical drift of the platform between the two measurements has not exceeded 15 mm.
Verify that the angular drift of the platform between the two measurements has not exceeded 2°.
NOTE This test can be carried out at 100 % maximum load, notwithstanding the 110 % “as a general rule”
suggested by 89/392/EEC. The figure of 100 % allows the dynamic test to be carried out without altering the pre-
set and protected load limiting device.
56
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
F.5 Test to verify that the tail lift cannot lift excessive load
A load of 125 % of the maximum load is applied to the platform, positioned at ground level. Actuate
the “UP” control and verify that the platform does not lift (tilt is permissible).
57
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex G
(informative)
Overloads of a tail lift caused by moving an excessive load onto a platform at vehicle floor level
cannot be prevented, and detecting such overloads accurately and reliably cannot be achieved at
reasonable cost using state of the art solutions. These hazards should be avoided by proper use and
supervision of the tail lift operation.
58
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive:
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive
and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the
normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the product(s)
falling within the scope of this standard (for example, EMC and Automotive directives).
59
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential
Requirements of the New Approach Directive Machinery 2006/42/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive
and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the
normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard."
60
BS EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009
EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009 (E)
Bibliography
[1] EN 294, Safety of machinery — Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the
upper limbs.
[2] EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
[3] EN 414, Safety of machinery — Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards.
[4] EN 954-1, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part : General
principles for design.
[5] ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis.
61
BS EN
1756-2:2004
+A1:2009
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