CHAPTER 5: LIGHT 3.

Question 2: N9 08
ANSWER (a) Convex mirror
(b) Convex mirror has a wider view
5.1 REFLECTION than a plane mirror.
(c)
1. Question 1: Johor 09 (i)
(a) Converge at a point F.
(b) any point at the principal axis in
front of the mirror.
Draw two incident rays and
each of them reflected at the
correct path.
Shows image formed behind
the mirror and the position in
front of F.
(c) Virtual ,upright and diminished.
(c) Real, inverted and diminished. (ii) (any of two combination)
combination

2.
(a) Reflection 4. Question 3: Kedah 07
(b) 15 cm (a) Convex mirror
(c) 2f = 30 cm (b) Upright / diminished / smaller /
Image same size with object. virtual
(d) (c) A radial ray that is incident
Object Image through the centre of
distance , u Characteristics curvature, C of the curved
/cm mirror
10 Virtual, upright, is reflected back along the
magnified incident path through point C
20 Real, inverted, Determine the correct position
magnified of the image
30 Real, inverted, same (d) To increase the field of vision
size as the object
40 Real, inverted, 5. Question 6: SBP final F4 07
diminished (a) Image that cannot be formed on
(e) screen
(b) Image in Diagram 6.1 is bigger//
(i) vice versa
(b) upright
(ii)

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(c)
(d) Reflection
(e) Wide angle of reflection // wider
the vision
6. Question 7: Trengganu 07
(a) Two reflected rays are shown
(diagram)
Angle of incidence = Angle of
reflection (diagram)
(a)(ii) Reflection
(a)(iii) The driver in car P cannot see
car Q // field of view very
small
(b)(i) Convex mirror
b(ii) Two reflected rays are shown
(diagram)
Angle of incidence = Angle of
reflection (diagram)
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(b)(iii) The convex mirror increase
the field of view
c(i) Unchanged
c(ii) The characteristics of image
of a convex mirror not
depends on the focal length
5.2 REFRACTION OF LIGHT
7. Question 2: Melaka Mid 2010
(a) Refraction
(b) speed and direction of light
change when travel through
different medium
(c) 49.5⁰
(d) n = sin 49.5⁰ = 1.5
Sin 30⁰
8. Question 3: Melaka 07
(a)(i Virtual / Magnified
)
(a) Refraction
(ii)
(b) Light ray travels from density
to less dense medium
Refracted away from normal.
(c) Draw refracted ray correctly
Draw ray from image to the
observer.
9. Question 5: Trengganu 08 11. Question 5: Kedah 09
(a) Pencil in Diagram 6.2 more (a)(i) Speed of light in air is higher
(i) bending than speed of light in water.
(a) Density of seawater is higher (a)(ii) speed of light in air is higher
(ii) than speed of light in glass
(a) The higher the density the (a)(iii) If the speed of light decreases,
(iii) greater the bending then the light ray will bend towards
(b) The size of the pencil in the the normal.
water is greater (a)(iv) refraction
(c) Refraction (b)(i) One light ray from point P bend
(d) velocity away from the normal after emerging
(e) into the air
Extrapolate the ray to point Q.

10. Question 5: SBP 08

(a) The gradient of the graph for (b)(ii) 1.6 = 1.33
liquid X is higher than the 1.2
gradient of the graph for water.
(b) The refractive index of water is 5.3 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
lower than the refractive index
of the liquid X. 12. Question 4: MARA 09
(c) The higher the density of liquid, (a)(i) critical angle
the higher the refractive index (a)(ii) n = 1 = 1.5
(d) n = real depth Sin 42⁰
apparent depth (b)(i)
= 1.0
0.6
= 1.67
(e) Refraction of light
(f) Wavelength increase.
(g) The size of image seen from the
glass block is bigger.

(b)(ii) i > 42⁰, so total internal

reflection occurs

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 14.
(i)

(c)(ii) Angle of refraction will become

smaller.

13. Question 4: Trengganu 07 (ii) virtual, upright and same size

(a) Refractive index is the ratio of (iii) final image of the binocular is
sin i to sin r upright and it is shorter, so
(b) lighter and easy to carry.
(i)
15. Question 2: Johor 08
(a) Mirage
(b Total internal reflection
)
(c) Density of the cool air is greater
(i) than the density of the warm air
( The refracted ray is closer to the
normal compare to the water ) (c) The light rays will be refracted
(ii) away from the normal
(b) The glass block is denser than
(ii) water, so the light ray is (c)
refracted more. (iii
(c) The total internal reflection –
(i) angle of reflection is equal to
the angle of incidence.

(c) The incident angle in the

(ii) diamond is more than the
critical angle. 16.
(d) (a) Total internal reflection
Sin c = 1 (b)(i) Q is denser
n (b)(ii) Q has higher refractive index.
= 1 (c) sin c = 1 /2.1
2.4 c=
c = 24.62 ° (d)(i) endoscope
(ii) internet

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5.4 LENSES 19. Question 2: SBP 08
(a) Distance from the optical center
17. to the focus point.
(i) (b) 1 = 1 + 1
f u v

1 = 1 - 1
v 2 3
= 1
6
v = 6 cm.
(c)
(i)
(ii) real, inverted, magnified

(b)(i)

(ii) Real,inverted,magnified.

20.
(a)(i)

(b)(ii) virtual, upright, small

18.
(a) image at the focal point
(b) real, inverted, small (a)(ii) Real, inverted, magnified
(c) f = 19 – 9 = 10 cm (b) 1 + 1 = 1
(d) u = 15 cm 20 v 15
(e v = 60 cm
himage = v = 30 = 2 (c) m = 60 = 3
hobject u 15 20
himage = 2 x 4 = 8 cm (d) virtual, upright, smaller
(f) real, inverted, magnified
(g) at focal point
21. Question 6: Mid Melaka 09
(a) Image cannot be captured on the
screen
(b)(i) Image in Diagram 6.1 is > then
Diagram 6.2
(b)(ii) Equal // same

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(b)(iii) Image distance in Diagram 6.1 23. Conceptual: Kelantan 08
is further// > than in Diagram  Density diagram 9.2 < density
5.2 diagram 9.3
(c) The shorter the image distance  Refractive index 9.2 < refractive
the smaller the image //directly index 9.3
proportional  Angle of refraction in diagram 9.2 >
(d) m = v angle of refraction in diagram 9.3
u  The higher the density the smaller
(e)(i) blur the angle of refraction
(e)(ii) not enough light.  The higher the refractive index the
smaller the angle of refraction
22. Question 8: Kelantan 08
(a) 24. Conceptual: Perak 07
(i) Refraction / Total Internal
Reflection
(ii) Block 1 (Rectangle)
:Refracted ray smaller then
the incidence ray
Block 2(Prism) :The incidence
ray is perpendicular and there
is no refracted rays
Angles of incidence in the
b Real, inverted, diminished
prism = Angles of reflection in
c 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
the prism
(i) v = 15 cm
Refractive index = 1
c m = v/u Sin c
ii m = 0.5 c= Critical angle
d Objective lens = convex lens Y The ray of light comes from a
(i) Eyepiece lens = convex lens X dense to a less dense
d Focal length convex lens Y > medium or
ii than focal length convex lens X The angle of incidence in the
(d)(iii) dense medium is greater than
the critical angle

25. Conceptual: Johor 08

(i) Ratio sin of incidence angle and
sine of refraction angle
(ii) Refractive index digram9.2
larger than diagram 9.1
Refraction angle diagram 9.2 is
smaller than diagram 9.1
Critical angle diagram 9.1
larger than diagram 9.2
When the refractive index is
large, the critical angle is small

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26. Conceptual: Melaka 08
(i) A point at principle focus where
light ray parallel with principle
axis converge/diverge to/from it.
(ii) 1.Convex lens K more thickness
than lens J
2.The light rays refracted and
converge to the point F
3.The distance between O and F
is focal length.
4.Focal length lens K is shorter
than lens J
5.More thickness the lens ,
shorter the focal length
27. Conceptual: Melaka 08
(a)(i) Real image is an image which
can be seen on a screen.
(a)(ii)  the object distance in
diagram 10.1 is longer
than diagram 10.2
 the image distance in
diagram 10.2 is longer
than diagram 10.1
 the size of the image in
diagram 10.2 is larger
 the longer the image
distance, the bigger the
size of the image
 The smaller the object
distance the larger the
size of the image / the
object distance is
inversely proportional to
size of the image.
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28. Conceptual: SBP 08
 The object distance in Diagram 9.1
is closer than in Diagram 9.2
 The image distance in Diagram 9.1
is further than in Diagram 9.2
 The size of image in Diagram
9.1 is larger than in Diagram
9.2
 The further the object distance,
the closer the image distance
 The further the object distance,
the smaller the size of image
29. Understanding: SBP 08
i. Concave mirror
(i) Show object at the correct
distance , u < f
Ray parallel to the principal axis
reflect through the focal point
Intersection of 2 reflected rays
behind the mirror.
30. Understanding: Melaka 08
 The convex lens with its holder is
aimed at a distant object like a
tree.
 Adjust a screen until you see a
very sharp and clear image of the
distant object.
 When parallel light rays from a
distant object pass through a
convex lens, they will converge to
a point called focal point/ label on
a diagram
 Measure the distance between the
convex lens and screen./ label on
a diagram
31. Understanding: Kelantan 08
(i) Angle between incident ray and
normal line
(ii)  Increase the angle of
incidence, i, then angle of
refraction, r, will also increase
 Keep on increasing the angle
of incidence until angle of
refraction is 90˚
 The angle of incidence is
called critical angle
 Increase the angle of
incidence more than the
critical angle
 The ray willll be totally
reflected.
32. Understanding : Johor 08
1. the angle of incidence is greater
than critical angle
2. the light travel from medium high
density to low density
33. Understanding: SBP 08
 The layers of air nearer the road
warmer.
 The density of air decrease
nearer to the road surface.
 The light travel from denser to
less dense area.
 The light refract away from the
normal
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 When the angle of incidence
exceed the critical angle, total
internal reflection occurs
34. Understanding: Perak 07
1. Draw a diagram to show the rays
of light
2. Total internal reflection
3. 180 0 fish eye view
4. Obstacle
35. Understanding: Kedah 07
1. Diagram shows a curved optical
fibre (with outer and internal
layer) with at least two total
internal reflection
2. The refractive index of the
internal layer of the optical fibre
is greater than the external layer
or air
3. Angle of incidence, i > critical
angle, c
4. Total internal reflection occur
36. Understanding: MRSM 07
(i) Convex mirror
(ii)  Has a wider view
 Upright image
 The image is seen at a
distance v ≤ f behind the
mirror for all positions of the
object
(iii)  Light ray from object that is
parallel to the principal axis
is reflected as if it comes
from the focal point
 Position of the image
37. Understanding: Johor 07 38. Qualitative problem: Perak 07
Periscope S
(a) All the light is reflected into the (i) Draw a correct ray diagram with
eyes of the viewer through total at least 2 rays
internal reflection. Box
Using two right-angled prisms
R Arrangement of prism
(b) Total internal reflection

(ii) Draw a diagram to show

arrangement
Right angle prism which cause
the the rays to bent through 180
0

4 prism
2 eye piece
 Position of mirror//position of 2 objective lens
prisms
 Ray diagram for R and S
 Condition: Light ray travels
from optically dense medium
to optically less dense
medium, or angle of incidence
more than critical angle

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39. Qualitative problem: Johor 08 reflection)
Aspect Reason Draw another ray diagram
1. An inner core Light ray is
of higher reflected more
refractive index easily through
total internal
reflection
2. Outer layer of Light ray is
medium with a reflected more
lower refractive easily through
index total internal (iii) Shorter // smaller size of binocular
reflection // easy to carry
3. Lower density The optical fibre Produce upright image
will be lighter
4. The thickness Save pace / can
of the glass is be used in 41. Qualitative: Melaka 08
thin narrow (i)  draws the objective and
space eyepiece lenses.
5. Strong and Does not break  correct label of objective and
flexible easily and the eyepiece
shape can be  label fO and fe correctly
adjusted  draw the correct position for
the object ( fo < u1 < 2fo)
 draw ray diagrams to show the
position of image 1
40. Qualitative: SBP 08
 draw ray diagrams to show the
(i) Objective lens above // diagram
final image
Eyepiece below // diagram
Correct arrangement of prisms //
diagram

(ii)  Use a concave mirror

(iii)
(ii) Ray from object to the 1st prism
and reflect 90
Second reflection 90 in 1st prism
Reflection in 2nd prism (double
 Converge light to the
microscope.
 Decrease the object distance /
decrease the focal length of
the eyepiece lens / decrease
the focal length of the
objective lens.
 increase the magnification
factor.

FIZIKMOZAC 2010
42. Making decision: Johor 07 Material R High refractive
index, low % of
(a)  Design Z light energy
 Concave mirror converges all absorbed, weak
the light to the focal point rigidity and strong
(b)  Use spherical disc of strength
concave mirror so that more
light is converge to the focal
point, hence the intensity of 44. Making Decision: MRSM 07
light is high (i)  Diameter of fibre should be
 The kettle holder is made of small
iron  The endoscope is small /
 Which is a good conductor of slim
heat.  Material should be strong
(c)  No pollution and of high flexibility
 Renewable  Bends easily without
(d)  Restriction of the weather breaking
 High cost  The refractive index of the
 Need a large area inner layer is greater than
 Difficult to stop and transfer the refractive index of the
to ac form outer layer.
 Total internal reflection can
occur
43. Making Decision: Kedah 07  The most suitable is R
 Because the diameter is
(i) refractive index = small, high flexibility and
Speed of light in vacuum refractive index of the inner
Speed of light in the medium layer is greater than the
outer layer.
Characteristics Reason (ii)  Objective lens: to form the
High refractive Total internal image of an object
index reflection can
 Eye piece: to focus the
occur easily
image
Small amount of The object under
light energy observation can
being absorbed be seen clearly //
45. Quantitative problem: MRSM 07
by the material more light can be
(i) u = 30 cm, f = -10 cm
transmitted
1/v = 1/-10 – 1/30
Material with The optical fibre
v = - 7.5 cm
weak rigidity can be bent easily
(ii) m = v/u
Material with The optical fibre
= 7.5/30
strong strength can last longer/not
= 0.25
easily spoil

FIZIKMOZAC 2010
46. Quantitative problem: Kedah 07 // to acts as a
(i) The coin appear bigger when magnifying glass
seen by observer B Distance between To produce
The coin is nearer to the lenses > fo + fe bigger image
observer B from the eyepiece
(ii) 4 16 // to increase the
= magnification
3 x
Store in a cool To avoid fungus
= 12 cm and dry place in the lenses.
(iii) Add in more water//add in some
salt solution 48. Section B: Melaka 09
(a)(i) Incident angle when its
refracted angle is 90o
47. Section B:Kelantan 09 (a)(ii)
(a) Distance between optical centre  Incident angle in Diagram 9.1 <
and focal point. Incident angle in Diagram 9.2
(b)  Diagram 9.1 refraction
 Lens in Diagram 9.1 is thinner  Diagram 9.2 total internal
 Focal length in Diagram 9.1 is reflection
longer.  Incident angle in Diagram 9.1 is
 Power of lens in Diagram 9.1 is less than critical // incident angle
lower. in Diagram 9.2 is more than
 The thinner the lens the longer critical angle
the focal length  when incident angle more than the
 The thinner the lens, the lower critical angle total internal
the power of the lens. reflection occurred
(c)(i) at u < f (b)
 Light consisting of seven colours
 Red has the longest wave length
and the last to refracted during
sunset
 A droplet of water trap in the
atmosphere after raining acts a
lens
(d)  Light travel through this water
Modification explanation droplet and undergo the process
P as eye piece Focal length of P of refraction ,total internal
lens and Q as is longer reflection and dispersion of light
objective lens occurred
Fo < u < 2fo To produce real,
inverted and
magnified image
Adjusted so that To produce
u < fe virtual, inverted
and bigger image

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(c)(i)
 Optical fibber consist two layers
from two types of glass.
 it consists of core at the centre
and outer layer with difference
refractive index
 The outer layer glass has lower
refractive index than the inner
core glass.
 When the angle of incidence of
light is greater than the critical
angle
 light rays undergo total internal
reflection
 repeatedly until they emerge from
the opposite end of the optical
fibre.

(c)(ii)
Modification Reason
Built bundle of Carry more
optical fiber information
strong material not easily break
Very flexible Easy to bend at
the curve part

FIZIKMOZAC 2010