ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

(NOTED BY MIR REHAN MUSHTAQ) (SANT BABA BHAG SINGH UNIVERSITY )

Question :- HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ,ITS FUNCTION AND PURIFICATION OF BLOOD.

Heart is one of the most complex and complicated organ of human body ,its main function is to supply blood to every
part of body through blood vessels .All this process in which blood is transported and purified is called Circulation of
blood .

Human heart is made up of Cardiac muscles ,and are involuntary in nature ,which means they can make movement
without will of human and are for life time .Generally Human Heart is made up of 4 chamber’s & all the chamber’s
are divided from each other with Tricuspid from right and bicuspid from left and from top to bottom it is divided by
Septum. Upper part of the heart is called Base that contains 2 chambers of atrium i;e RIGHT ATRIUM & LEFT ATRIUM
were as lower part contains 2 chambers of Ventricles i;e RIGHT VENTRICAL & LEFT VENTRICAL

Right atrium contains Superior venacava that collects deoxygenated blood from the upper parts of body & Inferior
venacava that collects deoxygenated blood from the lower parts of body both receives blood and transfer the blood to
Right ventricle through Atrioventricular valve , Right ventricle then transfer the deoxygenated blood to Pulmonary artery
(pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood ) to lungs where blood is purified and is
transported back to left atrium through pulmonary vein . (Pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated
blood or pure blood). The left atrium then transfer blood to Left ventricle through atrioventricular valves , Left ventricle
then pumps blood to outside through Aorta which then goes to all parts of body through blood vessels .

Heart itself needs blood to perform such a huge task and that blood is produced by Major coronary arteries present in
front of AORTA .

TYPES OF CIRCULATION
1. SYSTEMATIC CIRCULATION
2. PULMONARY CIRCULATION
3. CORNORY CIRCULATION
4. PORTAL CIRCULATION

1.Systematic Circulation :-All the process that include from receiving blood by
Right atrium and transfer it to other chambers to lungs ,and receive pure blood from lungs to supply outside
parts is called systematic circulation .

2. Pulmonary Circulation:- When deoxygenated blood from Right ventricle is

transfered to pulmonary artery of left atrium to lungs for purification of blood and is received by pulmonary
vein in the pure form the Circulation is called pulmonary Circulation .
3. Coronary Circulation :- As circulation is a complex process needs a lot of energy.
To perform normally heart needs Blood as energy /fuel and that fuel is supplied by Major Coronary arteries
present in front of Aorta in a whole process deoxygenated blood is produced that is again transfered to Right
atrium to perform same again all this process is called coronary circulation .

4.Portal Circulation :- As heart needs blood similarly our internal systems such as liver
needs blood, to perform properly. During this process non pure blood is formed and that blood is similarly
transported to Right Atrium through Hepatic veins ,
The impure blood formed in Body is carried by hepatic veins and is transported to Right atrium of the heart.
Similarly pure blood from the heart is supplied by Hepatic Arteries to other parts e.g Liver ,Kidney etc.

DIAGRAM OF 4-CHAMBERED HUMAN HEART

 1. Circulation process takes place in 0.08 seconds ,which means Deoxygenated blood is oxygenated in lungs and
is transmitted back to heart which then supplies to body in such a fast speed.
2. The amount of blood that is pumped by heart in one beat is called STROKEVOLUME which is equal to 55-70
mili- meters.
3. The amount of blood that is transported by heart is called CARDIC OUTPUT . Which is generally 5 litres.
4. Both arteries and veins have a sort of opening and closing in the front ,to protect backflow of blood those are
called SEMILUNAR VALVES.

SANT BABA BHAG SING UNIVERSITY

SUBJECT:- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
NAME :-MIR REHAN MUSHTAQ
CLASS :-BPED 1 SEM
Simple description of human circulation

Consult Textbook and Internet.