PREFACE

This report covers stage of the implementation of Field Programmable Gate Array
implemented ATS the mechanism and structure used in it for over looping the instant
break down due to power failure.

The motivation begins as due to sudden electric failure in Pakistan and industry suffer
a lot due to this.

Initially we faced many problems but with the directions and vast vision of Mr. Rafay
Khan initially we were able to draw a map of our illocutionary work .

Mr. Sherwani was also a very pronounced man. Provide us with all the Technological
facilities which a student cannot bear.

This report presents the rationale for such a program by addressing all the work phase
components which we used, how we implemented it and how the system responded in
the end with all the details, contexts and references.

Our project contains the introductory chapter and the theoretical background, in the
introductory chapter we give you the brief introduction of the project task and
features, where the project can be used for the applications in both commercial and
home.

We know as you do that information – delivered quickly and effortlessly at the

fingertips of a person on the electronic super highway – still requires context,
organization and purpose to be useful for the person acquiring it. This is one of the
many reasons why we have put together this compilation in the form of a report so as
to provide the reader with compound synopsis of our project.

As most of you might be aware that in the fast pace and competitive automated
industry one of the prime objectives is to keep the process running with much delay.
Thus the prime endeavor of our project is to device a system which automatically

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switches the power source between the MAIN and the generator, depending on the
source available, thus evidently preventing any major delay in process controlled
system.

Our project operates such that when the MAIN fails, it automatically detects this state
and correspondingly processing signal are generated, which are used to start the
generator. After commencing the generator the load is switched onto the generator.
Similarly when the MAIN resumes, this state is also notified to the system and
likewise the load is re-shifted back to the MAIN and the generator is turned off.

Besides this an extra option has been added to our project that makes it operational in
two modes. This is done in such a way that we have provided a switch that’s allows us
to select in which mode we wish to operate. The mode can be explained such that in
the industry, the failing of either of the phase is crucial for the operation, thus as soon
as any phase fail, the generator must start. Otherwise, in some places if any single
phase has failed, then it may not be desired to initiate the generator. In such a case it
might be applicable that the generator must only start when all three phases fail. A
detailed overview about the project is discussed in the forth-coming chapters of this
report.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are thankful to Almighty Allah, most beneficial and most merciful, for giving us
the courage and devotion to work on the assigned project successfully within due
course of time in the field of Electronic Engineering.

We all the group members would like to acknowledge the leadership of M. RAFAY
KHAN and the provoked assistance of MUHAMMAD BILAL who believed in us and
our project and provided us all the information about our project.

This was again impossible without our parents who provided us all the facilities in our
project.

In lasts but not least, our University. We can’t say enough for university and its labs.
What we are and what we will become in future is the gift and efforts of our teachers
and university management.

We would also like to thank Prof Dr. Najeeb Ahmed Sidique, Chairman, faculty of
Electronic Engineering SSUET , who despite of his commitments and busy schedule
was there for us when we needed an internal for our project. We are grateful to him
for being with us all the way in providing his helpful consultation and advices, which
made the completion of this project far more easier.

We would also like to express thanks to our external Mr. Danish sherwani work as a
SCADA and PLC engineer in PARCO given us every now and then the technical tips
that were required in removing the problems that we had incurred in the making of
this project.

We would also like to a acknowledge the contribution of our batch mates who were
there in providing their material support, comments, etc. we also appreciate the
faculty members, staff members of the labs of sir syed university for providing us
with the necessary as per assistance as per required while completing this endeavor.

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Last but not the least, we are owe our sincere thanks to our parents for their espousal
and encouragement in our upbringing at SSUET. Not only have they stood beside us
in times of hardship and have given us all the moral and financial assistance we
required, but they have also motivated us in all possible ways to make our project a
success.

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 ABSTRACT

(a)The project is basically securing the plant of industries, schools, college,

universities, production plants where power failure occurs. In industries where high
power consumption is needed and power break down occurs frequently. This project
is very useful over there because it continuously supply 3 phase AC power to the user
end.

(b)The switching technique is continuously monitored by our gates based logic

circuits. If our logic gates based circuit fails to monitor or shift the phases in case of
AMF so the MOR contactor trips and over ride the whole ATS and shifts to generator.
Our logic gates based circuit continuously monitors the 3 phases AC power supplied
by the KESC and charge the DC battery as well. The KESC mains, battery and
generator is connected to ATS panel then to the load. All of this process is
continuously monitored by CPLD/FPGA which has operates on 5v D.C. if ATS panel
misses 1 phase or 2 then it will automatically shift to inverter.

Now inverter AC supply is continuously monitored by CPLD/FPGA. In case inverter

phase is missed or inverter doesn’t work properly then the MOR mains over ride over
rides the process and shifts the load to generator. Contactor will make path for shifting
the whole system to generator. In control circuit we have used contactors for 3phase
in which their coil is operated on priority basis. We have also used opt couplers for
sensing the phase miss and in case of low, high or power breakdown.

Normally closed relays is used for switching to power circuit. To monitor ATS by
logic gates we have used control circuitry and power circuitry for phase monitoring as
well as in case of power loss or low power or high power. In power circuit, we use
IGBT’S transistor for monitoring the 3 phase simultaneously. This monitoring can be
done by maintaining the per phase angle not more than 120 degree. Shooting time for
per phase is not more than 50 MS. 6 IGBT’S has used in which 2 for each phase is
required. We use IGBT’s because of high carrier for holes. Firing angle for each phase
is calculated and it is same for all the phases. For contactors 220volt ac is required to

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operate each coil of the contactor. For inverter we apply y-connection for the 3 phase
D.C. to A.C. conversion. A step up transformer is also used to step up the ac voltage
for the inverter.

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