Refining Major Projects General Manageme

REFINING MAJOR PROJECTS GENERAL MANAGEMENT
PROJECT: RPLC DEEP CONVERSION PDVSA DOC. No.

SUBPROJECT: GENERAL 3006-5001-FM115891
UNIT: GENERAL (U-00) CONFEED DOC. No.
PHASE: FEED S-000-13A0-0001
DISCIPLINE: MECHANICAL REV. A DATE: 04-09-08
TITLE: GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR PAINTING AND SURFACE
PREPARATION PAGE 1 OF 62
PDVSA PROJECT NO.: 3006; CONFEED JOB CODE: 0-4675-20-0000
CONFEED PDVSA PDVSA

TOTAL
REV. DATE ISSUE PURPOSE / DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE PREP’D/CHK’D CHECKED APPROVED
PAGES
/APR’D BY BY BY
A 04-09-08 For Approval 62 N.B./K.T./M.S. H.D.
CONFEED PDVSA CHECKED BY PDVSA APPROVED BY
PREPARED BY: Norie Beltran

CHECKED BY: Katsuji Takase SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
APPROVED BY: Mitsuhiko Sakai
NAME: NAME: Humberto Diaz
RPLC DEEP CONVERSION PROJECT
GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR PAINTING AND

SURFACE PREPARATION
UNIT 00
Contents
1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 American Society for Testing Materials - ASTM............................................................................ 6
2.2 National Association of Corrosion Engineers - NACE.................................................................. 6
2.3 The Society for Protective Coatings - SSPC ................................................................................. 7
2.4 Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales - COVENIN (Industrial Venezuelan Industrial
Codes).................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Project Specification ...................................................................................................................... 7
3 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Surface Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Abrasive Blast Cleaning................................................................................................................. 7
3.3 Solvent Cleaning (SSPC-SP 1)....................................................................................................... 7
3.4 Manual - Mechanical Tool Cleaning (SSPC-SP2/3/11)................................................................... 8
3.5 Surface Roughness........................................................................................................................ 8
3.6 Paint................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.7 Volume Solid................................................................................................................................... 8
3.8 Shelf Life......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.9 Pot Life............................................................................................................................................ 8
3.10Available Paint Presentations........................................................................................................ 8
3.11Paint Systems................................................................................................................................. 9
3.12Coating ........................................................................................................................................... 9
3.13Brush ............................................................................................................................................ 10
3.14Roller ............................................................................................................................................ 10
3.15Spray............................................................................................................................................. 10
3.16Curing ........................................................................................................................................... 10
3.17Film Thickness ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.18Inch Thousandth (mils) ................................................................................................................ 10
3.19Failure............................................................................................................................................11
3.20Vendor / Paint Contractor .............................................................................................................11
3.21PDVSA Representative..................................................................................................................11
3.22PDVSA ...........................................................................................................................................11
3.23Paint Manufacturer........................................................................................................................11
3.24Inspection......................................................................................................................................11
4 EXTENT OF PAINTING ................................................................................................................. 11
PART I – REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 12

1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 12
2 STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION ............................................................................................... 14
2.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Surface Preparation through Abrasive Blast Cleaning............................................................... 15
2.3 Surface Preparation through Mechanical Tools Cleaning .......................................................... 17
2.4 Equipment and Structures to be Field Painted ........................................................................... 18
2.5 Surface Preparation for Vessels or Recovered Equipment........................................................ 18
2.6 Protection of Adjacent Equipment............................................................................................... 18
3 GALVANIZED STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION........................................................................ 18
4 STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION........................................................................... 19
4.1 New Surface ................................................................................................................................. 19
4.2 Installed Surface........................................................................................................................... 19
5 PAINT APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 19
5.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Spray Application......................................................................................................................... 21
5.3 Brush Application......................................................................................................................... 21
5.4 Roller Application......................................................................................................................... 22
6 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 22
6.1 Stainless Steel .............................................................................................................................. 22
6.2 Galvanized Surfaces .................................................................................................................... 23
7 DAMAGE OR DEFECTS PREPARATION ..................................................................................... 24
8 PAINT APPLICATION SAFETY..................................................................................................... 24
8.1 Scope............................................................................................................................................ 24
8.2 Industrial Painting Material Handling .......................................................................................... 24
8.3 Personnel Protection ................................................................................................................... 25
9 INSPECTION METHOD AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .............................................................. 26
9.1 Tests.............................................................................................................................................. 26
9.2 Inspection..................................................................................................................................... 28
PART II- PAINT SYSTEMS................................................................................................................... 35
PART III - COLOR CODES ................................................................................................................... 54

1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 54
2 COLOR SCHEMES FOR SAFETY EQUIPMENTS......................................................................... 54
3 COLOR SCHEMES FOR INSTRUMENTS ..................................................................................... 54
4 COLOR SCHEMES FOR SIGNS.................................................................................................... 55
5 COLOR SCHEMES FOR MACHINERY/ELECTRICITY.................................................................. 55
6 PIPING........................................................................................................................................... 55
6.1 Inside the Installations................................................................................................................. 55
6.2 Outside the Installations .............................................................................................................. 55
7 STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENT ................................................................................................. 61
8 TANK COLOR SCHEME FOR TANK AND EXCHANGER............................................................. 62
9 COLOR SCHEME FOR VESSELS (STRUCTURES)...................................................................... 62
1 GENERAL
This specification covers the minimum requirement for the design, painting material, surface
preparation, application method and inspection of protective painting to be applied at shop and field
for RPLC DEEP CONVERSION Project.
This specification governs painting of the surface of carbon steel, low-alloy steel and stainless steel
for new structures, recovered structures that shall be treated as new surfaces, equipment, piping,
unless other type of material is stated.
This specification is divided on three sections:
Part I Requirements
Part II Paint system
Part III Color codes
2 REFERENCES
Latest editions or revisions of the following codes are part of this procedure.
2.1 American Society for Testing Materials - ASTM

ASTM A 123/A 123M Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on
Iron and Steel Products
ASTM A 153/A 153M Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
Hardware AASHTO No.: M232
ASTM A 53/A 53M Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
ASTM D 3359 Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
ASTM D 4414 Standard Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Notch
Gages
ASTM D 4417 Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of
Blast Cleaned Steel
ASTM G 62 Standard Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coatings
ASTM D4285 Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air
2.2 National Association of Corrosion Engineers - NACE

NACE RP 0287 Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast-Cleaned
Steel Surfaces Using a Replica Tape
2.3 The Society for Protective Coatings - SSPC

SSPC-PA2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with Magnetic Gages
SSPC-SP 1 Solvent Cleaning
SSPC-SP 2 Hand Tool Cleaning
SSPC-SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning
SSPC-SP 5 White Metal Blast Cleaning (NACE 1)
SSPC-SP 6 Commercial Blast Cleaning (NACE 3)
SSPC-SP 7 Brush-Off Blast Cleaning (NACE 4)
SSPC-SP 10 Near-White Blast Cleaning (NACE 2)
SSPC-SP 11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal
SSPC-VIS 1 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by
Abrasive Blast Cleaning
SSPC-VIS 3 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by
Power- and Hand-Tool Cleaning
2.4 Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales - COVENIN (Industrial Venezuelan Industrial

Codes)
COVENIN 187 Colors, symbols and dimensions for Safety Signs.
COVENIN 253 Identification codes for fluid filled piping.
2.5 Project Specification

3006-5001-FM115894(S-000-13A0-0004) Specification for Lettering and Marking
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Surface Preparation
This is the treatment or pre-conditioning done to a surface or substrate before applying the paint or
coating.
3.2 Abrasive Blast Cleaning

This consists on the projection of high speed particles, hitting against the surface to clean. This
method shall not be used on places where gas leaks or explosive mixes may occur.
3.3 Solvent Cleaning (SSPC-SP 1)

This cleaning method consists on the removal of certain types of contaminant material on the
surface to coat, such as oil, grease, petroleum, dirt and salts using solvents, detergents or any other
appropriate media.
3.4 Manual - Mechanical Tool Cleaning (SSPC-SP2/3/11)

This cleaning method consists on the removal of any rust, dirt, outer coating and paints or poorly
adhered coatings, using hand tools (wire brushes, spatulas, chisels, knifes and hand hammers) or
power tools (Electrical or pneumatically).
- With hand tools (SSPC-SP 2)
- With power tools (SSPC-SP 3, SSPC-SP11)
3.5 Surface Roughness

It is defined as the height from the bottom of the valley up to the top of the peak after the abrasive jet
cleaning. The profile’s depth will depend on the size, type and hardness of the abrasive, particle
speed and impact angle, surface hardness, amount of recycled abrasive material and adequate
maintenance of working mixes of minerals or metals.
3.6 Paint
It is defined as a liquid material that after being applied to a surface produces a dry film or coating
that remains adhered on it.
3.7 Volume Solid

Volume solid contained in paint material. It is usually expressed in percentage.
3.8 Shelf Life

Shelf life refers to the maximum time on which a paint material may be stored on usable conditions.
3.9 Pot Life

Pot life refers to the time on which the mix of two (2) component paint maintains its properties at
environmental temperature. After this time the reaction that has already begun inside of the mix
reaches a point on which it may not behave on the material surface with all its foreseen properties.
After the useful time indicated on the technical data sheet of the product, all unused product shall be
retired and discarded. This is characteristic on 2 component paints that form a film through a
chemical reaction between them, like epoxy paints or polyurethane made of two components.
3.10 Available Paint Presentations

Physical presentation of the paints may vary depending fundamentally on the resin - pigment ratio.
According to this ratio, paint is found on the following presentations:
3.10.1 Primer Presentation

Primers or bases are much pigmented paints that are applied directly to the surface to paint. Bases
have the following functions:
- Corrosion prevention, through the use of anticorrosive pigments
- Anchor for other paint coats.
- Seal for old coats, to allow the application of new systems that are not compatible with the
existing ones.
3.10.2 Enamel Presentation
These are paints that have resin as their main component. These are generally used as a topcoat.
3.11 Paint Systems

It is a group of paints that have properties fundamentally designed for a specific kind of application,
where each paints complies with a specific function. Under corrosive conditions, paint systems are
the ones that are closer to cover on an efficient way the demanded requirements according to type,
substrate condition, fluid characteristics and service temperature among others.
Components of a paint system are:
3.11.1 Primer
It is considered one of the most important components on the paint systems. It is the base on which
all the rest of paints are applied, and as such it shall have a strong adhesion to the substrate and
shall provide a surface that allows proper adherence from the following paints. It also has the
anticorrosive pigments, capable of diminishing or controlling corrosion. Their selection depends on
the type of substrate, preparation conditions of the surfaces and application temperature among
others.
3.11.2 Intermediate Coat
This is the one that provides body to the system, since it adds up thickness, and as it goes bigger it
improves all other properties, such as chemical resistance, abrasion, impact and electric resistance.
It has a strong adherence to the base, and also is a good base for the topcoat. Its application
depends on the conditions and the type of base, and its main objective is to reinforce against
corrosion.
3.11.3 Topcoat
It is the initial barrier against the environment. This possesses certain characteristics that provide
the final finish and adequate appearance through color, texture and shine. Its selection depends on
the type of intermediate coat, application purpose, and time and exposure method.
3.12 Coating
A coating is defined as a film or barrier made of a different material to the base or substrate on which
it will be applied. The coating is a barrier between the substrate and the environment.
3.13 Brush
This is the simplest device, recommended to apply most of the bases, mainly on irregular surfaces
such as: edges, around rivets, corners, around locks, welds and similar areas. It is not
recommended for inorganic zinc rich silicate.
3.14 Roller
The roller is a simple cylinder covered with wool or synthetic fiber which is placed on a handle that
allows it to roll freely extending the material through a light pressure done against the surface to
cover. It shall be submerged on a special tray with a tilted ramp.
3.15 Spray
This application method is not only faster than any other alternative, but it also produces more
uniform thickness and leaves less imperfection than any other method.
There are two systems for spray application:
- Airless spray
- Air or conventional spray
3.15.1 Airless Spray
The airless system doesn’t use air to atomize the paint. In this case, the liquid is force to go through
small orifices through hydraulic pressure turning the paint into a fine mist, which is projected on to
the surface to coat.
3.15.2 Conventional Spray
This method consists on the atomization and application of the paint through compressed air action,
which must be clean and dry.
3.16 Curing
Irreversible hardening of a plastic material, using heat, radiation or chemical additive reaction, that
results on a stable material that is in condition to be used.
3.17 Film Thickness

Amount of paint, dry or wet, deposited on a surface, usually measured in thousandths of inches
(mils).
3.18 Inch Thousandth (mils)

Unit used to measure film thickness of paint or coating system’s thickness. It is equivalent to a
thousandth of inch (0,001”) or 25.4 microns.
3.19 Failure
This is referred to any defect and/or discontinuity on a coating that compromises its normal
performance or useful life.
3.20 Vendor / Paint Contractor

Person, company or corporation that executes painting works either at shop or at field under
contract with this procedure.
3.21 PDVSA Representative

Company or corporation assigned by PDVSA to control / monitor all painting works at shop and field.
For this RPLC project, PDVSA representative is CONFEED.
3.22 PDVSA
Client / Owner of RPLC Deep Conversion PJ
3.23 Paint Manufacturer

Paint material supplier used at shop and at field.
3.24 Inspection
Procedure that the paint inspector executes to verify that the works are being done according to the
technical specifications listed on the contract.
4 EXTENT OF PAINTING
All surfaces shall be painted according to the paint systems specified in PART II, with the following
exception:
(a) Uninsulated stainless steel surfaces

(b) New galvanized steel surfaces except for appearance and/or identification purpose.
(c) Machined surfaces
(d) Gasket Contact Surface
(e) Name plate
(f) Bottom surfaces of base plate in contact with concrete, mortar and/or oil sand.
(g) Plastic and plastic coated materials.
(h) Metal jackets of insulation
All surfaces inaccessible after assembly shall be completely painted before assembling. In case of
impractical and/or inaccessible to apply an applicable painting system, at least primer shall be
applied to the substrate.
PART I – REQUIREMENTS
1 GENERAL
1.1 Diverse surface preparation techniques are described on NACE TM-01-70/75 or other equivalent
codes. Prepared surface, before applying the topcoat, will be of the respective grade, as specified
on NACE TM-01-70/75 or equivalent code. Paint anticorrosive selection shall be done according to
the specific conditions on Part II.
1.2 Before undergoing any work related with paint at construction site, a prior clarification meeting shall
be held with PDVSA Representative, Vendor/Paint Contractor representative, and Paint
Manufacturer representative.
1.3 Color schemes shall comply with the color code established on Part III.
1.4 The different paints on a paint system at construction site shall be from the same Paint Manufacturer
to assure compatibility. If each paint is different painting place (i.e. primer-Vendor shop,
intermediate and topcoat-Field), paints are not required to be single Paint Manufacturer. But, Paint
Contractor shall ensure to perform the inspection of compatibility with previous and successive
painting according to Paint Manufacturer’s instruction. Paint Contractor shall report the compatibility
to PDVSA Representative for approval.
The Vendor/Paint Contractor shall prepare a detailed paint program and/or a work procedure that
includes at least the following information:
1.4.1 Anticorrosive paints shall be identified with the following information:
- Paint Manufacturer’s name
- Generic paint name

- Component’s number
- Color (RAL Code Number)
- Lot number
- Manufacturing and expiring date
- Safety precautions
- Use instructions
1.4.2 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and Technical Data Sheet.
1.4.3 Take account for onsite paints and solvents manage and storage.
1.4.4 Grading of abrasive material, where the content of contaminants such as dirt, humidity, oil, grease,
clay and soluble salts is specified.
1.4.5 Surface preparation procedures.
1.4.6 Application equipment characteristics for anticorrosive paints using sprays, brushes or rollers, as
much as the procedures for paint application and reparation of any damage to the paint films
applied.
1.4.7 Inspection procedures before, during and after the paints application using properly qualified teams.
1.4.8 Organic waste disposal (paints and solvents among others)
In case of requiring additional information, it shall be supplied by Vendor/Paint Contractor to PDVSA
Representative.
Vendor/Paint Contractor in charge of the paint work shall be responsible for:
- Workmanship shall be certified by a recognized entity
- Strict compliance of this specification and all documents related with itself, such as site
regulations, safety rules and codes named among others.
- PDVSA’s approval about safety certification, availability (equipment, piping and vessels
among others) and realized tests shall be obtained before starting any paint work.
- Paint work maintenance until the end of the contract. This shall include any damage repair.
Whenever the damage is caused by others a proper payment shall be accorded.
- Good condition and paint quality shall be assured, through quality certificates supplied by the
Paint Manufacturer.
- Safekeeping of all paints and solvents, cleaning material supply, tools, site arrangement,
transport services and competent supervision required.
- Shop, tools and equipment top shape maintenance. Spray, brushes, rollers, paint mixing
recipients and such, shall be on optimal condition, and shall be adequate for their purpose
and regularly cleaned.
- Supply of all necessary equipment, weather protection and scaffolding to paint storage tanks
and assure that the work is done according to this specification and the accorded programs.
- Ground connection of the mechanical equipment and precautions to prevent static electricity
accumulation.
- Take all necessary precautions to avoid interference with other contractor’s work.
- To protect all equipment, structures and any other area against mechanical damage, caused
by the abrasives during abrasive blast cleaning, paint splashing or over spraying.
- Examples of the areas to be protected are: valve stems, glass pressure gauges with glass
displays, compressors, pumps, cables, stainless steel piping, grids, control boards and
tables, equipment identification plates or other structure areas that are not being painted at
that particular time.
- Availability of all required inspection equipments, such as: thermometer or hygrometer,
magnetic surface thermometer, anchor profile measurer, visual surface preparation
comparator, wet and dry film thickness measuring devices, wet sponge low voltage fail
detector and high voltage fail detector.
NOTE: Change orders not foreseen on this code shall be previously checked, justified and
authorized by PDVSA Representative on the area.
2 STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION

2.1 General
2.1.1 Due to Industrial Safety, Environmental and Occupational Hygiene reasons, PDVSA, as of the
publication date of this specification and in a progressive way will replace the Sandblasting
procedure with silica sand for other worker and environment friendly cleaning technologies (see
point 2.2.3). Short or long term exposure to silica dust produces a respiratory disease known as
silicosis, on which the inflammation and posterior cicatrisation of the pulmonary tissue happens,
possibly causing serious respiratory difficulties and low oxygen levels on the blood. Because of that,
any activity that implies exposure to this dust is considered as an occupational hazard.
2.1.2 The good performance of the paint system shall depend mainly on the surface preparation, which
consists on the removal of as much as possible foreign material from the metal surface, such as oil
and grease, welding shaves and smoke deposits, rust, incrustations, petroleum, sales and
laminating crusts, conditioning it, so the paint used as the primer humectants it and adheres
completely, permitting later the adequate cohesion of the following paint.
2.1.3 Surface preparation grades shall be under NACE TM-01-70/75 or SSPC specifications. As a guide,
SSPC grades used are given further ahead. Additionally, NACE and ISO equivalent grades are
shown. Surface preparation shall be done, preferably, on Vendor’s shop, unless otherwise
specified.
Surface Preparation Grades
To comply with the life expectance, minimize future maintenance expense and to optimize
anticorrosive paint systems executed on shops, abrasive surface preparation procedures shall be
used on piping, structures, vessels and new equipments.
The use of abrasive surface preparation requires as a previous step the use of organic (non oily)
solvents or biodegradable detergent solutions to eliminate any residues from oil, grease, soluble
salts and/or any other organic type contaminant that may be on the metallic surface to prepare.
There are four grades of abrasive cleaning, shown on the two Visual Codes (NACE and SSPC-VIS
3) prepared according to the four surface conditions designed under the SSPC, and its use is
recommended to describe or specify steel surface preparation grades with abrasive jet. The four
grades are defined as follows (see TABLE 1):
TABLE 1 SURFACE PREPARATION GRADE
Surface SSPC NACE ISO Characteristics

preparation
grade
White Metal SSPC-SP 5 NACE 1 ISO Sa 3 Surface presents a uniform color

Blast (white-gray), no shadows, and with a
Cleaning light roughness to form an anchor
pattern for the paint system, shall be
free from all material different to base
metal.
Near White SSPC-SP 10 NACE 2 ISO Sa 2-1/2 Surface is free from materials different
Metal Blast to base metal, except for light shadows
Cleaning or discoloration due to rust adhered to
the metal. At least 95% of any area on
the surface shall have white metal
appearance, and the rest shall have
light shadows.
Commercial SSPC-SP 6 NACE 3 ISO Sa 2 Surface is free from oil, grease, dirt,
Blast rust scabs and all rust, lamination and
Cleaning old not properly adhered paint, except
light shadows and discolorations due
to rust stains or lamination stuck to the
metal*
Brush-Off SSPC-SP 7 NACE 4 ISO Sa 1 Surface is free form oil, grease and dirt
Blast and all corrosion products and old not
Cleaning properly adhered paint. The rest of the
rust, lamination and strongly adhered
paint remain on the surface
* If the surface has pitting, light rust or paint residues on the bottom of it. At least 2/3 of any metal
area shall be free from any visible residues and the rest shall be stains or residues mentioned
earlier.
2.2 Surface Preparation through Abrasive Blast Cleaning

2.2.1 Pre-cleaning for Abrasive Blast Cleaning
Oil, grease and any organic contaminant shall be removed using a proper solvent according to the
specification SSPC-SP1 or through high pressure steam, cleaning, if necessary, with an alkaline
cleaning agent. Whenever the presence of contaminants with soluble salts (chlorines, phosphates)
is suspected, a cleaning using a detergent solution biodegradable, soluble on sweet water and
simultaneous brushing, finally cleaning with a sweet water to remove all cleaning residues.
All bolt holes shall be cleaned with solvent before the abrasive blast cleaning. All cutting edges shall
be removed. Gasket contact surfaces of the flanges shall be protected using wood or cardboard.
2.2.2 Abrasive Blasting Cleaning
Compressed air used for abrasive blast cleaning shall be free from water and oil. Traps, filters and
proper separators installed on the coolest part of the system shall be provided and shall be regularly
drained to avoid water and oil dragging. Oil and humidity accumulations shall be removed from the
air receptor through a periodic purge.
Humidity and oil determination tests shall be done with a white and absorbent material (white
handkerchief), before starting operation and every four (4) hours, putting the material at 60 cm from
the air source for at least 2 minutes. This test shall be done upstream from the filters according to
ASTM D4285.
Compressors shall not use air at a temperature higher than 110°
C. Nozzles shall be discarded and
replaced after a 50% wear out.
Whenever air operated equipment is used, the operator’s head protector shall be vented with fresh,
clean air supplied through a regulator filter to avoid the inhalation of loosened up residues.
2.2.3 Abrasives
Proper abrasives to be used on abrasive blast cleaning are: (not shown in any particular order)
a. Steel grit
b. Steel shot
c. Ductile steel shot
d. Shredded steel grit
e. Cut up steel wire
f. Aluminum oxide (corindon)
h. Sponge
i. Sodium bicarbonate
Steel shot Particles shall be as solid and spherical as possible and shall not contain more
than the minimum amount of “tails” and irregular shapes.
Steel grit Particles shall have a good angular shape with cutting sharp edges and shall
be substantially free of “mid-spheres” (i.e. a pellet broke in two)
Abrasive shall be free of oil, grease, humidity, salts (chlorine content shall not be above 35 ppm)
and clay residues.
2.2.4 Roughness Grade and Anchor Profile

The required surface roughness or the peak to valley height after the abrasive blast cleaning
depends on the particle size of the used abrasive. TABLE 2 shows the results of the profiles
obtained using different abrasives.
Techniques and Restrictions for Abrasive Blast Cleaning.

Abrasive blast cleaning shall be done when the surface temperature is 3° C above dew point and/or
the relative humidity is less than 85%. The Vendor/Paint Contractor shall supply a humidity
measuring device (hygrometer) to determine the relative humidity, and a device to determine dew
point (psychometric and psychometrics tables and relative humidity vs. temperature charts among
others).
It is essential to assure that no condensation occurs on the steel cleaned with an abrasive blast.
Abrasive blast cleaning shall not be done on open areas close to paint operations or surfaces with a
still wet coat to avoid dust and abrasive contamination. This type of cleaning is permitted only during
daytime hours. Prepared surfaces remain all night without the application of the primer shall be
cleaned on a less profound way with abrasive blast, until reaching the required preparation grade.
Whenever grinding of cleaned surfaces is required, the particular areas shall be cleaned again with
abrasive blast to remove all the rust and splashes and to favor an adequate paint adhesion. The
following results are obtained cleaning with an abrasive blast a hot rolled steel sheet at pressures
ranged between 6.3 - 7.0 Kgf/cm2 (90 - 100 PSI)
TABLE 2 ROUGHNESS AND ABRASIVES
Average Profile Height

Abrasive type 25 microns 37 microns 50 microns 62.5 microns 75/100 micron
(1 mils) (1.5 mils) (2 mils) (2.5 mils) (3/4 mils)
Steel Grit
G - 80 G - 50 G - 40* G - 40* G - 25
(Grade)
Steel shot
S - 110 S - 170 S - 230 S - 280 S - 330/390
(Grade)
Al2O3 Aluminum oxide
T - 100 T - 50 T - 36 T - 24 T - 16
(Sieve)
* With grade G - 40 Steel grit you may obtain a roughness range between 50 to 62.5 microns.
2.2.5 Surface Preparation after Abrasive Blast Cleaning
A surface cleaned with a dry blast cleaning shall be brushed with clean hair made, fiber or bristle
brushes, compressed air blown (free of oil and water) or vacuumed to remove from the surface,
cavities and corners all cleaning product remnants.
All direct hand contact shall be avoided from the already prepared surface.
2.3 Surface Preparation through Mechanical Tools Cleaning

This type of surface preparation shall be applicable only (but not restricted to) to remove laminations
from the metallic substrate, product of the manufacturing process and to eliminate shavings and/or
welding burr, using, preferably an emery.
Motor tool cleaning shall be accepted only when authorized by PDVSA:
2.4 Equipment and Structures to be Field Painted

Whenever alternatives for surface preparation are allowed, PDVSA shall do a cost analysis and will
specify the best method to be used, taking into account:
a. Local regulation and codes referring Industrial Security, Environment and Occupational
Hygiene.
b. Structure and adjacent equipment proximity that may be damaged by the abrasives.
c. Operational area proximity that may have personnel.
2.5 Surface Preparation for Vessels or Recovered Equipment

When vessels and equipments are meant to be recovered and assigned to new projects, they shall
be treated as new surfaces, considering surface preparation procedures and paint system
application.
In other words, regardless of the internal and/or external paint system conditions, these facilities
shall be put under an abrasive integral preparation and shall be coated with completely new paint
systems, according to the specific operational and exposure conditions, except when the original
type of paint system is on good condition and guarantees the anticorrosive protection.
Previously, all these type of facilities shall be cleaned using SSPC-SP1 to remove grease, oils and
any other organic type contaminant and soluble salts.
2.6 Protection of Adjacent Equipment

Temporary protection shall be used during surface preparation and paint application, to prevent
damage occasioned due to abrasives, water, dust or paint to adjacent equipment. Such equipment
includes, and is not limited to:
a. Turned exposed surface, such as: axis, couplings, lubrication accessories, bars, valve
stems.
b. Glass, as the one used in instrument boxes, level checkers and lighting accessories.
c. Exposed packing, seals and bearing surfaces.
d. Information and identification plates, such as switch plates, instrument quadrants and
warning signs.
3 GALVANIZED STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION

Galvanized steel cleaning shall be done using SSPC-SP1 and SSPC-SP2 to remove any grease, oil
or zinc salts generated by the reaction of the zinc with oxygen contaminant and air humidity.
4 STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION

4.1 New Surface
A cleaning with a hydrocarbon non oily solvent, free of halogenated molecules and with vaporization
point that shall not be below 49°
C (120° F) shall be done, trying not to contaminate again the surface
with hands or other objects.
After that the surface shall be given an anchoring profile that allows proper adhesion of the
anticorrosive paint systems using aluminum oxide impelled with a shoot preening machine to avoid
spread the abrasive to the atmosphere and allowing it to be recycled.
Abrasive with a base of aluminum oxide shall be T-50, to obtain an anchoring profile between 37 and
50 microns (1.5 - 2.0 mils).
4.2 Installed Surface

Perform a pre-cleaning to remove all grease, oils and soluble salts using a proper solvent according
to SSPC-SP1. After applying an anchoring profile to the surface that allows the appropriate
adherence of the anticorrosive paint systems, using nonmetallic abrasive blast cleaning or
SSPC-SP11. Abrasive using aluminum oxide shall be T - 50, to obtain an anchoring profile between
37 and 50 microns (1.5 - 2.0 mils).
In a period not longer than 4 hours, primer shall be applied.
5 PAINT APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General
It shall be required that the lots of the specified painting products shall not be over six (6) months
since manufactured, to assure that they can be used on a date earlier than the expiring date
established by the Paint Manufacturer, minimizing the risk of a defective paint job and loss of the
product guarantee.
On paint systems made with several paints of different types, paints shall be from same Paint
Manufacturer because in the case of a claim due to an abnormal situation it would be difficult to
assign responsibilities and recharging that corresponds. If each paint is different painting place (i.e.
primer-shop, intermediate and topcoat-field), paints are not require a same Paint Manufacturer. But,
Paint Contractor shall ensure to perform the inspection of compatibility tests and report the
compatibility to PDVSA Representative for approval. This criterion allows minimizing incompatibility
risk.
Instructions from each Paint Manufacturer shall be systematically complied considering storage, mix,
aging time and useful time after component mixing among others. These shall be carefully mixed on
the specified mixing ratio and applied within pot life specified by the Paint Manufacturer.
Paint application shall be done according to the Paint Manufacturer’s instructions, especially
regarding the characteristic of the spraying equipments. Usually, paint shall be applied with
spraying systems.
All irregular portions such as weld lines, edges, corners, orifices, nuts and others shall be given a
brush applied stripe coat prior to primer application, to guarantee the adequate covering on these
zones, and assure that way the minimum specified dry film thickness. The brushes to be used on
the application shall have a design and a quality that allow proper paint application.
Paint Manufacturers are the more appropriate to suggest solvent types to be used on the cleaning of
application equipment and to thin paints. In case paint thinning is required to reduce viscosity, the
type, grade a solvent proportion shall be agreed with the Paint Manufacturer or shall be done
according to the Paint Manufacturer’s instructions.
Hydrocarbon solvents contained halon shall be avoided for cleaning and thinning of the paint,
especially those with chlorine and Fluor molecules. An excess of thinner, without prior consult
and/or authorization from the Paint Manufacturer shall be a reason to reject the job.
5.1.1 All paint shall be carefully stirred before using it to give a uniform consistency, following the Paint
Manufacturer’s recommendation. Paints supplied with more than one component shall be mixed on
the mixing ratio specified by the Paint Manufacturer and applied within the specified pot life after the
mix is prepared, taking into consideration site’s temperature, since pot life may be diminished at
temperatures above the ones indicated by the Paint Manufacturer.
5.1.2 Coating with heavy or metallic pigments that tend to settle shall be kept on suspension with the
continuous use of a mechanical shaker or stirrer.
5.1.3 No paint shall be used when the vehicle has hardened and can’t be reincorporated to the mix. No
jellified or thickened paint that requires too much thinner to be used with brush shall be used.
5.1.4 No paint shall be applied under the following conditions:
- Whenever the surface temperature is below 3° C above the surrounding air dew point and/or
the relative humidity is above Paint Manufacturer’s recommendation.
- Whenever there’s a chance of an unfavorable change on the weather within the next 2 hours
after applying the coat.
- Whenever there are humidity conditions in the form of rain and condensation among other on
the surface, unless the paint may be applied under those conditions and is indicated on the
technical tab of the paint.
5.1.5 Surfaces with a metallic substrate temperature above 50°
C shall not be painted.
5.1.6 Paint application done under doubtful atmospheric conditions is responsibility of the Vendor/Paint
Contractor. If any paint job is deemed unacceptable painted surfaces shall be cleaned and
repainted, and will be accounted to the Vendor/Paint Contractor.
Any primed surface that has been exposed to the environment or marine conditions for several days
and that is contaminated shall be cleaned with detergent, pressurized sweet water and dried before
applying the coating.
If the contamination is only dust a pressurized dry air blow shall be done or shall be cleaned using
only clean and dry cloth.
Surfaces cleaned with abrasive blast shall be applied the specified primer within 4 hours. Paint
application with spray shall not be done at times with strong winds, since the specified thicknesses
can’t be reached, finishes tend to be irregular and the losses are notorious.
To minimize contamination between successive paint films, the coating on the previous paint film
shall be done as soon as allowed by the particular specification and its application shall not be
delayed beyond the period specified by the Paint Manufacturer. In case that the repainting time is
not complied there shall be a solvent cleaning (SSPC - SP 1) and if the Paint Manufacturer’s
maximum recommended time has been complied with, a cleaning with manual tools (SSPC - SP 2)
or power tools (SSPC - SP 3). Whenever the delays can’t be avoided, the painted surface shall be
carefully cleaned and dried to PDVSA Representative satisfaction before proceeding to apply the
coating.
5.1.7 Each paint film shall be dried out for a period within the limits prescribed by the Paint Manufacturer
before applying the following paint.
5.1.8 Following paint on a paint system shall have color differences.
5.1.9 During paint application and dry out there shall be proper venting and gas extraction if the working
area is confined.
5.1.10 All paint shall be applied uniformly and completely on the surface. All drippings shall be immediately
corrected with a brush, to insure that the surfaces have, at least, the minimum specified dry film
thickness.
5.1.11 Equipment or painted line transportation outside of the installations shall be done after enough
drying time has passed.
Damage to the coating shall be avoided as far as possible, taking appropriate measures for it, such
as the use of non metallic sling.
Damage occurred on the paint film during mobilization and installation shall be corrected following
the Paint Manufacturer’s instructions.
5.1.12 If previously painted metallic element and/or piping shall be cut and welded on site, all burnt paint
shall be removed with abrasive blast cleaning to the specified grade on the paint, or SSPC-SP11,
before applying the following paints.
5.1.13 All surfaces inaccessible after assembly shall be completely painted before assembling.
5.2 Spray Application

The hose and the recipients shall be periodically cleaned during the work day, even if the paint shall
not be changed considering pot life and always before adding new paints. Spray gun shall be kept
20 cm. from the surface to be coated and shall always be held at 90°from the surface.
Each spraying shall overlap to the previous one, big surfaces shall always be sprayed on both
directions, perpendicular to each other. The equipment and the regulators spraying pressure shall
be adjusted so the desired spraying pattern is found, and therefore, the specified dry and wet film
thicknesses.
Each paint shall be applied in a uniform and complete way on the entire surface. At the end of each
work day, all equipment shall be carefully cleaned.
5.3 Brush Application

Brush application may be used under the following circumstances
- Whenever, for any reason, areas can’t be properly covered with spraying.
- Whenever the paint loss under the prevailing conditions is excessive and the personnel,
plant or equipments may be affected by the spraying particles.
- For “touch up” or damaged paint reparation or incorrectly applied paint.

- When the Paint Manufacturer considers that the specified system requires brush application
- To apply primer to corners, edges, holes and welds among other irregular surfaces before
spray application.
Brushes to be used on paint system application shall have an appropriate design and quality for the
proper paint application.
Brush application shall be done in such way that a smooth film, with the specified thickness and as
uniform as possible is obtained. There shall not be any deep brush marks. Paint shall be introduced
to all clearances and corners. All drippings shall be corrected with the brush.
5.4 Roller Application

Roller application shall be used only on flat and mildly extensive surfaces, as long as primer is
applied with a brush, and its use shall be according to the Paint Manufacturer’s instructions.
Rollers shall be made of “carpet fiber” or “lamb wool” with good quality, and manufactured through
thermal fusion.
6 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Stainless Steel
Usually stainless steel doesn’t require to be painted, only when insulation needs to be applied to
piping or equipment, whenever service identification is required or if they shall be stored for long
periods.
Protective painting is also applied when they are used as a cover shipment.
Preparation method for the adequate surface on these cases consists on SSPC - SP 1 and
nonmetallic abrasive cleaning to obtain an anchor profile of 2.0 mils and the following system shall
be used:
Whenever a paint system is required on new or already installed surfaces, recommended surface
preparation shall be done, after that with the paint system application as follows:
Approved anticorrosive paint systems to be used on stainless steel surface under thermal insulation
are as follows:
- For surfaces at temperatures: -45°
C (-50°
F) < T < 150°
C (300°
F); System No. 15
Description Dry film thickness (mils) Drying time (hours)
Phenolic Epoxy 6 24 to 48
Phenolic Epoxy 6 24 to 48
- For surfaces with temperatures: 150°

C (300°
F) < T < 538°
C (1000°
F); System No. 16
Aluminum Silicone 2 2 to 8
Aluminum Silicone 2 2 to 8
- For surfaces with temperatures: 538°

C (1000°
F) < T < 1100°
C (2000°
F); System No. 17
Polysiloxane 4 4 to 8
(2000° F)
Polysiloxane 4 4 to 8
(2000° F)
Plates and any other stainless steel element shall be stored using impermeable supports or any
other material that doesn’t allow surface contamination.
6.2 Galvanized Surfaces

Galvanized steel for steel structure shall comply with ASTM A123/A123M. For pipe shall comply
with ASTM A53/A53M. For fittings and flanges shall comply with ASTM A153/A153M. For steel
hardware (studs, bolts and rings among others) shall comply with ASTM A153/A153M.
New galvanized shall not be usually painted unless it is exposed to environments on which the
progressive zinc loss may cause steel corrosion. For appearance and/or identification purposes, it
is common to apply paint to galvanized surfaces.
Certain binders for galvanized sheets such as hooks and butterflies among others may be obtained
on the market with just thinner zinc coating. Such fixers shall be prepared and primed after
installation.
Repairs to Galvanized Coatings
Those galvanized parts damaged during handling and installation shall be coated using zinc rich
epoxy paint with a thickness of 50 microns (2 mils). In case of a weld, the following rules shall be
applied:
- Manufacturer of the structures shall assembly as many parts as the capacity of the galvanized
bath allows, galvanizing as many welds as possible.
- Those parts or structures that shall be welded after galvanized shall be put under the following
treatment
a. Galvanized layers shall be removed using power tools to weld normally.
b. Once the weld is finished, these areas shall be carefully cleaned and the joints shall be
protected, as stated earlier.
NOTE: Installation of galvanized steel elements near stainless steel elements or anywhere where
contamination at high temperatures may occur shall be avoided. This rule also applies to pieces
with zinc rich coatings.
7 DAMAGE OR DEFECTS PREPARATION

Any damage or defect that may occur shall be repaired before applying the following paints. If
necessary, paint film shall be removed from the surface.
Areas to be covered shall be dry, clean, and free of grease, oil and other foreign matters. Surface
shall be prepared using abrasive blast cleaning, SSPC-SP2 “Hand Tool Cleaning” or SSPC-SP3
“Power tool cleaning”. Following that, additional paint shall be applied until the paint meets the
specification. These additional paints shall overlap with the topcoat and adjacent areas, except
when it is a new application of inorganic zinc paint, since it can’t be repainted on itself.
8 PAINT APPLICATION SAFETY

8.1 Scope
To establish all the necessary precautions to protect the personnel and third party properties from
accidents due to falls, vapors, fire, explosion or other type of dangers. Recommendations done
here are not absolute and do not replace other measurements that cover other infrequent conditions.
This guide defines the more convenient and practical methods to preserve safety during the
application of industrial paint systems on steel structures. No complete coverage to all the aspects
is shown here.
The objective of this guide is to detail basic actions and considerations to take into account while
working in or on access installations, using professional tools to apply materials that represent an
accident risk.
All involved personnel on the industrial paint application shall be aware of the diverse risks related to
the access facilities, specialized tools and toxic or flammable materials.
8.2 Industrial Painting Material Handling

8.2.1 Paints shall be stored on safe, well vented areas, where they are not exposed to sparks, flames or
direct sunlight. The recipients shall be kept tightly closed until they are ready to be used. Warning
labels shall be put on toxic material.
8.2.2 Recommended safety rules on the mix operation are as follows:
- Use eye protectors (goggles)
- Use protective gloves.
- Breathing mask with adaptation filter for organic vapors.
- Antirust mask
- Keep head and face away from the mixing recipient.
- Apply protective facial cream.
- Avoid spillage, splashing and vapor inhaling.

- Mix all materials on well vented areas away from sparks and flames.
- Use low speed mechanical mixers.
- Clean splashes immediately.
- Avoid excessive temperatures.
8.2.3 Protective gear and equipment required to apply paint is defined by the type of coating to use and
the type of environment. All Manufacturers products shall be provided with defined information
about explosion and toxicity dangers of the material. Registers of previous application of similar
materials shall be examined.
8.2.4 The use of paints with a toxic element base is forbidden, such as lead, chrome and mercury based
paints among others, since these are dangerous whether they are breathed or swallowed.
Some of this paint aggregates, such as mercury compounds, used to give fungicide characteristics
to the paint may be toxic it they are swallowed and/or absorbed through the skin. Mist and spray of
lead based paints are dangerous if inhaled. These small lead particles may cause poisoning if
exposure is not avoided.
8.2.5 Epoxy resins used on coatings are particularly irritating to skin and some persons are seriously
affected with allergic reactions if the appropriate treatment is not applied. Most common reactions
include swelling around the eyes and lips, skin rash, etc. Some epoxy coatings contain polyamides
as curing agents that react the same way as a soft acid on sensitive mucous membranes.
8.3 Personnel Protection

Project leader and painter supervisor, with assessment from the Security or Industrial Hygiene
engineer, shall be alerted to assure the compliance of the following rule:
8.3.1 Verify tanks and other interior closed spaces (confined spaces) for explosion dangers, toxic material
and appropriate oxygen content to breathe. Before entering the tank, ropes and safety harness
shall be provided, there shall be an extra man outside the tank and shall be verified with the
operations personnel that all process line have been blocked.
8.3.2 Proper illumination shall be provided inside the tanks and all other dark areas, assuring that the
illumination doesn’t produce any shadows or shines. All wiring shall be installed in such way that
there’s no electric shock risk. In many cases, electrical head lamps shall be used on mines and
other places, as long as they are explosion proof.
8.3.3 Whenever air masks or hose masks are used, put the incoming air source or the blower on a
contaminant free area. Check the air exit to assure proper pressure and CO content. Protect the
hoses from any damage and don’t allow them to becoming a slip hazard.
8.3.4 Close with ropes or barricades the working areas as required to protect the bystanders.
8.3.5 Provide an adequate number of portable fire extinguishers.
8.3.6 Put warning signs that include “PINTURA HUMEDA” (WET PAINT), “NO FUMAR” (DON’T SMOKE)
and “HOMBRES TRABAJANDO” (MEN AT WORK).
8.3.7 Vendor/Paint Contractor shall provide the employee with special protecting clothes and equipment,
as required by the security conditions, and whenever they are not the same provided by the
employee or supplied to him as tools of his trade. As example of this security gear to be provided by
the employer there are the safety goggles, hard hat and gloves.
(a) Eye protection
Safety goggles and other appropriate eye protection equipment shall be used as long as
there is the danger of exposure of the eyes to spread out particles, acid, caustic
substances, harmful rays or any other type of dangerous condition as considered by the
Operation Supervisor. Goggles used for harmful rays shall also comply with the impact
protection requirements.
(b) Head protection
Hardhats shall be used throughout all working day by everyone on the worksite with no
exception.
(c) Feet protection
When the use of rubber boots is required, they shall have a steel tip to prevent
perforations and scratches with stones. All employees are forced to wear approved
“Safety shoes”.
9 INSPECTION METHOD AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

9.1 Tests
Vendor/Paint Contractor shall ensure to perform the inspection. The inspection items, methods,
extent and frequency shall comply with APPENDIX-1.
9.1.1 Abrasive Blast Cleaning Grade
Surface preparation shall be verified using visual patterns as per NACE or SSPC - VIS 1 standard.
9.1.2 Roughness on Surfaces Cleaned with Abrasive Blast
Regular roughness measurement (three lectures for each 10 m2) of the surface shall be done on
uniform zones with no pitting using one of the following methods:
- Roughness on a surface prepared with abrasive blast cleaning shall be measured with a flat
end micrometer, callipered or an anchoring profile measuring device as per ASTM D4417
method B.
- Roughness on a surface prepared with abrasive blast cleaning shall be visually compared
with a reference surface, as per ASTM D4417 method A.
- Roughness on a surface prepared with abrasive blast shall be measured with a replica tape
through a spring type micrometer, as per ASTM D4417 method C.
9.1.3 Wet and Dry Film Thickness
To achieve the system’s specified dry film thickness, frequent measures shall be taken on the wet
film thickness during the paint application. This procedure shall be done by the painter during the
application of each paint according to the thickness recommended by the Paint Manufacturer and as
established on ASTM D4414. PDVSA Representative shall look up for the compliance on this
activity.
Measuring of the dry film thickness shall be done on all the paint system according to SSPC-PA2.
This procedure shall be done by the Vendor/Paint Contractor inspector.
All dry film thickness ranges as specified shall be strictly complied with. The film thickness shall be
verified with magnetic gages using the magnetic resistance principle (ferrous surfaces) or the Eddy
current inspection method (non ferrous surfaces). The gage shall be callipered at least twice a day
according to the Paint Manufacturer’s recommendation.
If the dry film thickness is less than the specified value, one or more additional paints shall be
applied according to Paint Manufacturer’s instructions. In the case of inorganic zinc rich paint where
it does not allow to be repainted by itself, manufacturer’s technical specification or characteristics
shall be verified before doing the activity.
9.1.4 Adhesion/Cohesion
Primer adhesion to the steel surface and cohesion between paint films after the curing shall be
determined by a series of incisions on the film surface according to ASTM D3359 Method B
“Cross-Cut Tape Test. This method to determine the adhesion grade is used on films with thickness
below 125 microns (5 mils). When the dry film thickness exceeds 125 microns (5 mils), the adhesion
test shall be determined according to ASTM D3359 “X-Cut Tape Test”.
When thickness above 375 microns (15m mils), adhesion test shall be determine according to
ASTM D4541 “Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Tester”. This test is quite
important when large film thicknesses are applied. Failures may indicate a deficient cohesion force
due to, for example, solvent retention.
9.1.5 Pinhole and Discontinuity Detection (Holes or Pores)

For paint systems applied inside vessels with dry film paint thickness up to 500 microns (20 mils),
low voltage (below 90 volts) wet sponge fail measuring devices shall be used, using a wetting agent
(0,5 ounces/water gallon) on the water to lower its superficial tension and make more sensible the
measuring device.
For internal painting systems inside vessels with dry film thickness above 500 microns (20 mils),
high voltage dry holiday detector (ranged 900 to 45000 volts) shall be used, voltages shall be
established at 125 Volt/mils of dry film, moving the detector at a linear speed of 12 m/mm (39.3
ft/min) to not burn the film.
Film continuity, for instance for tank coating, shall be verified using a high voltage spark, the hole
detector shall be adjusted in a range as wide as possible, with a minimum of 5 volts per micron of
average film thickness.
The testing detector shall be a low pulsation, direct current device, as per ASTM G62.
NOTE:
1. Required voltage is usually based on a spark length capable of going through an air
space (at the proper relative humidity conditions) twice the film thickness.
2. To avoid the coating from “burning”, testing equipment shall be carefully and frequently
callipered.
3. Suggested method to caliper a high voltage spark testes includes:
a. Make a little hole on the coating. Coating thickness on this hole shall be at least the
specified average.
b. Using the same procedure and at identical conditions (humidity and displacement
speed of the tests among others), voltage on the discontinuity testing device shall
be risen until the alarm of hole done through is heard. Minimum voltage to detect
such hole shall be twice the value for the real inspection.
If there are any holes and depending on their extension, PDVSA Representative shall be consulted.
9.1.6 Curing
Curing grade shall be determined through a pencil film hardness test; the procedure to follow is
described on ASTM D3363.
9.2 Inspection
9.2.1 Vendor/Paint Contractor shall notify PDVSA Representative before beginning the work.
The term Inspector used on this Specification refers to PDVSA Representative, and shall be a
professional with specific knowledge on paints and coating, preferably certified by a recognized
organism such as NACE, SSPC or any other specialized organism, and shall have the right to
inspect the paint work in all its stages and reject one or all tools, materials, scaffolding, equipment or
work that doesn’t comply with the specification.
9.2.2 Acceptance criteria shall comply with APPENDIX-1, or these inspection items shall referred NACE,
SSPC and ISO among others if nothing else is available.
9.2.3 Paint system shall be uniform, with no cracks, holes, drippings, wrinkles or any other defect that may
be prejudicial for the coating system’s performance.
9.2.4 Specification compliance shall be verified by PDVSA Representative during the application of the
paint system, and there shall be registers of all the information on the most notorious variables on
the done work quality throughout all the work, in one or more formats designed to that end.
Additionally, on the following page there is a format with the minimum information to be specified.
9.2.5 Before final acceptance of the paint job, there shall be an integral inspection and the Vendor/Paint
Contractor shall deliver to PDVSA Representative the daily registers done throughout all the time
the job was done. The Vendor/Paint Contractor and PDVSA Representative Inspector shall sign a
conformity or rejection report for the job. If the job is rejected a report shall be issued with all the
deviations and necessary recommendations for conformity.
9.2.6 The following working step shall not be taken (for instance. Surface preparation, priming,
intermediate and topcoat application) until the previous job has not been inspected and approved by
PDVSA Representative Inspector, or the Vendor/Paint Contractor shall guarantee on written that the
specified sequence for the applied paint systems was accomplished.
APPENDIX-1: PAINTING INSPECTION
ITEM METHOD EXTENT FREQUENCY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Atmospheric Conditions
Weather Visual Random sampling Min. 3 times/Day *1 No rain, wind, fog or mist
Measurement by
Wet Bulb Temperature Thermometer Random sampling Min. 3 times/Day *1 See Section 5.1.4 / Part I -
Requirements
Dry Bulb Temperature
Dew Point
Metal Temperature Measurement by Random sampling of all Min. 3 times/Day *1 See Section 5.1.4 and 5.1.5 /
Surface surfaces Part I - Requirements
Thermometer
Relative Humidity Measurement by Random sampling Min. 3 times/Day *1 Paint Manufacturer’s

Hygrometer recommendation
Surface Preparation
Dryness. Contamination of Visual and/or White Random sampling Min. twice/Day *1 No impurities
Compressed Air Cloth Test
Pressure of Compressed Air Measurement by Random sampling Min. twice/Day *1 Paint Manufacturer’s
Pressure Gauge recommendation
Dryness, Contamination of Abrasive Visual and/or Water Random sampling Min. once/Day *1 No impurities
Drop Test
Surface Condition Visual All surfaces Min. once before surface No impurities
preparation.
Surface Preparation Visual: comparison All surfaces Min. once / during & after As per Part-II Painting Systems
with NACE or surface preparation work
SSPC-VIS1
Standard
Roughness on Surfaces Cleaned with Measurement by Three spots per each 10 m2 Min. once / during & after As per Part-II Painting Systems
Abrasive Blast Cleaning ASTM D4417 surface preparation work
method A or B or C
Painting Material
Confirmation Manufacture Name, Check Labeled All paints Min. once / before & after See Section 1.4.1 / Part I -
General Name, Product Name, Color, Instruction paint work Requirements
Product Serial No.
Shelf Life Check Labeled All paints Min. once / before & after Within the term of validity
Instruction paint work
Paint Condition Visual: Agitating by All paints Min. once / before & after No gelling, skinning, high
Stirrer paint work viscosity, sedimentation, etc. to
a large degree
ITEM METHOD EXTENT FREQUENCY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Mixing Ratio Check Paint All paints Min. once / before & after Paint Manufacturer’s
Manufacturer’s paint work recommendation
Recommendation
Appearance of Film
Color Difference Visual: Random sampling: Min. Min. once after paint Same color
Comparison with 30% of all surface work
Color Sample, Color
Specimen
Defects, etc. Visual All surfaces Min. once after paint No mottling, sagging, blistering,
(Mottling, Sagging, Blistering, work cracking, flaking, peeling,
Cracking, Flaking, Peeling, Deposits, deposits, impurities
Impurities, etc.)
Film Thickness
Wet Film Thickness See Section 9.1.3 / Random sampling of all Min. once during paint Paint Manufacturer’s
Part I - Requirements work surfaces work recommendation
Dry Film Thickness See Section 9.1.3 / Extent and Frequency shall be measures according to As per Part-II Painting Systems
Part I - Requirements SSPC-PA2 “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness
with Magnetic Gages”.
Pinhole and Discontinuity Detection See Section 9.1.5 / All internal paint systems All painting surface No Pinhole and Pores
(Holes or Pores) Part I - Requirements
Adhesion/Cohesion See Section 9.1.4 / All paint systems Min. Three (3) times Paint Manufacturer’s
Part I - Requirements (Initial, mid and last term recommendation
of painting work)
Curing Test (Film Hardness) See Section 9.1.6 / Random sampling of all Initial painting Paint Manufacturer’s
Part I - Requirements painting film. recommendation
*1 : Shall be measured at least once before surface preparation & paint application work.
FORMAT OF INSPECTION OF PAINT SYSTEMS

1. Inspection date
2. Work location
3. Installation, Equipment or Inspected line
4. Name of activity to execute
5. PDVSA Representative Inspector name
6. Name of Vendor/Paint Contractor
7. Project name
Surface Preparation
8. Surface preparation grade specified for the paint system to apply
9. Abrasive description Type

for the surface
Practical size
preparation (Type,
Abrasive size and pH) pH
10. Surface condition Humidity Yes No
Soluble salts Yes No
Oil and Clay Yes No
11. Specified anchoring profile
12. Anchoring profile Minimum

values
Maximum
Average
Atmospheric Conditions
13. Wet bulb temp. 14. Dry bulb temp. 15. Relative humidity 16. Dew point 17. Metal temp. 18. Time of day, Job detail
o o o o
C C % C C
Paint system
19. Generic description (Base) 20. Material 21. Lot Number 22. Expire date 23. Mixing 24. Storage 25. Application
name Ratio condition method
Primer:
Intermediate:
Topcoat:
26. Generic description 27. Material 28. Lot Number 29. Expire date 30. Storage
name condition
(Hardener)
Primer:
Intermediate:
Topcoat:
Test Item
Primer Intermediate Topcoat
31. Dried time
32. Wet film thickness (mils)
33. Dry film thickness (mils)
Pass Failure
34. Color different Acceptable Reject
35. Adhesion Acceptable Reject
36. Film hardness Acceptable Reject
37. Result Pass Failure
Holiday Test (*) Acceptable Reject
(*) For Paint systems applied inside vessels
38. Observations
39. Vendor/Paint Contractor’s Inspector 40. PDVSA Representative Inspector
Name Signature Name Signature

INSTRUCTION TO FILL THE PAINT INSPECTION FORMAT
Instruction Slots
1. Inspection date (DD - MM - YYYY)
2. Work location
3. Installation, equipment or inspected lines.
4. Name of the activity to execute.
5. PDVSA Representative Inspector name
6. Name of the Vendor/Paint Contractor.
7. Project name
8. Surface preparation grade specified for the paint system to apply.
9. Abrasive description for the surface preparation (Type, Abrasive size, and pH).
10.Mark with an X the presence or not of contaminants such as humidity, soluble salts, oil or other
contamination.
11.Specified anchoring profile.
12.Anchoring profile height obtained (minimum, maximum and average) after the surface preparation.
13.Wet bulb temperature measured on °
C.
14.Dry bulb temperature measured on °
C.
15.Measured relative humidity.
16.Dew point obtained through values 14 and 15.
17.Metal temperature values on °
C.
18.Time of the day on which the job is done, marking whether it is AM or PM.
19.Generic base material description (primer, intermediate coat and topcoat).
20.Paint material name (Base) to be applied (primer, intermediate coat and topcoat)
21.Lot number
22.Expire date of the material.
23.Mix ratio (Base: Hardener)
24. Paint storage conditions
25.Application methods (Spray, brush and roller among others)
26.Generic hardener description primer, intermediate coat and topcoat)
27. Paint material name to be applied (primer, intermediate and topcoat)
28.Lot number
29.Expire date of the paint material.
30.Paint storage conditions to preserve the paint material.

31.Dried time, measured in hours.
32.Wet film thickness, measured on mils.
33.Dry film thickness measured on mils. Mark with an X if the thickness complies or not with the specified
values.
34.Mark with an X if the color is acceptable or reject.
35. Mark with an X if the measured adherence is acceptable or reject.
36.Mark with an X if the measured film hardness is acceptable or reject.
37.Mark with an X if the paint system is approved or failure.
38.Indicate any observation about the inspection done.
39.Name and signature of the Vendor / Paint Contractor’s Inspector.
40.Name and signature of PDVSA Representative Inspector.
PART II- PAINT SYSTEMS
Surface Syst. Ope. At Vendor Shop At Field Shop At Field Total

No. Temp. Surf. Anchor System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Profile Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT DFT
(SSPC) (mils) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils)
1. STEEL STRUCTURE
1.1 Steel Structure (Columns, Beams, General Supports, Stairways, Ladder Cages, Platforms, Fire Stairways, Safety Loops, Escape Routes, etc.)
Un - --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
fireproofed Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1)
Topcoat Topcoat
Fireproofed --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
(Concrete) Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1)
Topcoat Topcoat
Fireproofed --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
(Cementitious) Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1 &
Galvanized Topcoat Topcoat 7)
Steel
Color 11 --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 T/U Primer Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 4
Coding / Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1)
Identification Topcoat Topcoat or SP 1 /
Primer Surface Tolerant 2
(Note-10) SP 2
Epoxy
Intermediate --- ---
Topcoat Polyurethane 2
Enamel
Un - 9 --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
fireproofed Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) and/or
Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4 Topcoat or SP 2 / High Build Epoxy
Polyamide SP 3 Polyamide and/or
Carbon Topcoat Polyurethane 2 (Note-2) Polyurethane
Steel and Enamel Enamel
Low Alloy Fireproofed 1 --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 2.5
Steel Silicate Intermediate (Note-1)
Intermediate --- --- Topcoat or SP 2 /
SP 3
Topcoat --- --- (Note-2)

No. Temp. Surf. Anchor System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Description Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Profile Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n DFT DFT
1. STEEL STRUCTURE
1.2 Embedded Steel Structure
Galvanized --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
Steel Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1)
Topcoat Topcoat
Carbon Steel 1 --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 2.5
and Low Alloy Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or
Steel Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
(Note-2)
Topcoat --- ---
2. EQUIPMENT
2.1 Columns, Vessels, Heat Exchangers, Boilers, Chimneys, Reactors, Drums (Note-5)
9 T < 93 SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy and/or --- 8.5
Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or
Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4 Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 High Build Epoxy
Polyamide (Note-2) Polyamide and/or
Topcoat Polyurethane 2 Polyurethane Enamel
Enamel
4A 93 < T < SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
175 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 and/or
Uninsulated Intermediate Silicone Acrylic 1.5 (Note-2) Silicone Acrylic
Carbon Steel
Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5
and Low Alloy
Steel 5 175 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 4.5
(Note-4) < 538 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 and/or
Intermediate Aluminum Silicone 1 (Note-2) Aluminum Silicone
Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 1
8 538 < T SP 5 2 – 2.5 Primer Polysiloxan 4 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxan --- 8
< 1100 Intermediate (Note-1) or
Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Topcoat Polysiloxan 4 (Note-2)

2. EQUIPMENT
1 T<0 SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 3 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 3
(Note-2)
Topcoat --- ---
10 0<T < SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
93 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or and/or
Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4 Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 High Build Epoxy
Polyamide (Note-2) Polyamide and/or
Topcoat Epoxy Enamel 2 Epoxy Enamel
4B 93 < T < SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc --- 5.5
Insulated 175 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicate/Silicone Zinc
Carbon Steel Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 Primer and/or
and Low Alloy (Note-2)
Intermediate Silicone Acrylic 1.5 Silicone Acrylic
Steel
Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5
5 175 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc --- 4.5
< 538 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicate/Silicone Zinc
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 Primer and/or
Intermediate Aluminum Silicone 1 (Note-2) Aluminum Silicone
(Note-2)
Topcoat Polysiloxan 4

No. Temp. Surf. Anchor System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Profile Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT DFT
2. EQUIPMENT
Uninsulated
Stainless
No Painting Required
Steel
(Note-4)
15 -45 < T Non 2 Primer Phenolic Epoxy 6 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Phenolic Epoxy --- 12
(Section < 150 metallic Intermediate (Note-1) or (Note-3)
6.1) Abrasive Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP
(Note-6) Blast 3 (Note-2)
Topcoat Phenolic Epoxy 6
16 150 < T Non 2 Primer Aluminum Silicone 2 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Aluminum Silicone --- 4
Insulated (Section < 538 metallic Intermediate (Note-1) or (Note-3)
Stainless 6.1) Abrasive Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP
Steel (Note-6) Blast 3 (Note-2)
17 538 < T Non 2 Primer Polysiloxane 4 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxan --- 8
(Section < 1100 metallic Intermediate --- --- Intermediate (Note-1) (Note-3)
6.1) Abrasive Topcoat
(Note-6) Blast Topcoat Polysiloxane 4
Galvanized --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
Topcoat Topcoat
Galvanized 11 --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 4
Steel (Color Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1) or
Coding / Topcoat Topcoat SP 1 / SP Primer Surface Tolerant 2
Identification) 2 Epoxy
(Note-10) Intermediate --- ---
Enamel

2. EQUIPMENT
2.2 Vessel Skirt, Saddle and Attachment
Uninsulated 9 --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
Carbon Steel Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or and/or
and Low Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4 Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 High Build Epoxy
Alloy Steel Polyamide (Note-2) Polyamide and/or
(Note-4) Topcoat Polyurethane 2 Polyurethane
Enamel Enamel
Insulated 10 --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
Carbon Steel Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or and/or
and Low Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4 Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 High Build Epoxy
Alloy Steel Polyamide (Note-2) Polyamide and/or
Topcoat Epoxy Enamel 2 Epoxy Enamel
Uninsulated
Stainless
Steel
(Note-4)
Insulated 15 --- Non 2 Primer Phenolic Epoxy 6 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Phenolic Epoxy --- 12
Stainless (Section Metallic Intermediate (Note-1) or (Note-3)
Steel 6.1) Abrasive Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
(Note-6) Blast (Note-2)
Topcoat Phenolic Epoxy 6

No. Temp. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. Anchor System Material Description Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Profile DFT DFT
(SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils) (mils)
3. STORAGE TANK
3.1 Tank External Surface (Note-5)
Uninsulated 9 T < 93 --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc Silicate 2.5 8.5
Carbon Steel Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate High Build Epoxy Polyamide 4
and Low Topcoat Topcoat
Alloy Steel Topcoat Polyurethane Enamel 2
(Note-4)
Insulated 10 T < 93 --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc Silicate 2.5 8.5
Carbon Steel Intermediate Intermediate
Intermediate High Build Epoxy Polyamide 4
and Low Topcoat Topcoat
Alloy Steel Topcoat Epoxy Enamel 2
3.2 Tank Internal Surface
a. Formation Water, Sea Water, Lake W ater, or Water with Petroleum
12 T < 60 --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 5 2 – 2.5 Primer 100% Solid Epoxy 8 16
Intermediate Intermediate
Topcoat Topcoat
Carbon Steel Topcoat 100% Solid Epoxy 8
and Low
Alloy Steel 14 60 < T < --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer High Build Phenolic Epoxy 6 12
150 Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate --- ---
Topcoat Topcoat
Topcoat High Build Phenolic Epoxy 6
b. Potable Water (Note-9)
Carbon Steel 13 --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer High Build Epoxy Adduct Amine 4 8
and Low Intermediate Intermediate
Alloy Steel Topcoat Topcoat Intermediate --- ---
Topcoat High Build Epoxy Adduct Amine 4
c. Petroleum Derivate Fuels Storage, Jet A-1 Storage
Carbon Steel 14 60 < T < --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer High Build Phenolic Epoxy 6 12
and Low 150 Intermediate Intermediate
Alloy Steel Topcoat Topcoat Intermediate --- ---
Topcoat High Build Phenolic Epoxy 6


No. Temp. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. Anchor System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Description Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Profile Description DFT Prep.n DFT DFT
(SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils)
4. PIPING
4.1 Pipes, Flanges and Fittings (Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Caps, etc.)
9 T < 93 --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
(Note-2) Polyamide and/or
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Polyurethane Enamel 2
4A 93 < T < --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
175 Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate Silicone Acrylic 1.5
(Note-2)
Uninsulated Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5
Carbon Steel
and Low Alloy 5 175 < T --- Primer SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 4.5
Steel (Note-4) --- ---
< 538 Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate Aluminum Silicone 1
(Note-2)
Topcoat --- Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 1
8 538 < T --- Primer --- --- SP 5 2 – 2.5 Primer Polysiloxan 4 SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxan --- 8
Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate ---
Topcoat
(Note-2)
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Polysiloxan 4

4. PIPING
1 -50 < T --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 3 SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 3
<0 Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3
(Note-2)
Topcoat --- ---
10 0<T< --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
93 Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Epoxy Enamel 2
4B 93 < T < --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
Insulated 175 Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Carbon Steel Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate Silicone Acrylic 1.5
and Low Alloy (Note-2)
Steel Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5
5 175 < T --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 4.5
< 538 Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate Aluminum Silicone 1
(Note-2)
8 538 < T --- Primer --- --- SP 5 2 – 2.5 Primer Polysiloxan 4 SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxan --- 8
Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate ---
(Note-2)

4. PIPING
Uninsulated
Stainless No Painting Required
Steel (Note-4)
15 -45 < T --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Phenolic 6 SP 11 Touch-up Phenolic Epoxy --- 12
(Section < 150 Intermediate Metallic Epoxy (Note-1) or (Note-3)
6.1) Topcoat Abrasive Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate --- ---
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Phenolic Epoxy 6
16 150 < T --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Aluminum 2 SP 11 Touch-up Aluminum Silicone --- 4
(Section < 538 Intermediate Metallic Silicone (Note-1) or (Note-3)
Insulated 6.1) Topcoat Abrasive Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate --- ---
Stainless (Note-6) Blast (Note-2)
Steel Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 2
17 538 < T --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Polysiloxan 4 SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxane --- 8
(Section < 1100 Intermediate Metallic (Note-1) or (Note-3)
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Polysiloxane 4
Galvanized --- --- --- Primer --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
Topcoat Topcoat
Galvanized 11 --- --- Primer --- --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 4
Coding / Topcoat Topcoat SP 1 / SP 2 Primer Surface Tolerant Epoxy 2
Identification) Intermediate --- ---
Topcoat Polyurethane Enamel 2

4. PIPING
4.2 Pipe Support
Carbon Steel 9 T < 93 --- Primer --- --- SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
and Low Alloy Intermediate Silicate (Note-1) or
Steel Topcoat Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
(Note-2) Polyamide
Topcoat Topcoat


(SSP (mils) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils)
C)
4. PIPING
4.3 Non-Tagged Valves and In-Line Specialty Items
9 T < 93 SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
4A 93 < T < SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
175 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- (Note-2) Intermediate Silicone Acrylic 1.5
Uninsulated Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5

Carbon Steel
and Low Alloy 5 175 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 4.5
Steel (Note-4) < 538 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- (Note-2) Intermediate Aluminum Silicone 1
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- Intermediate ---
(Note-2)


4. PIPING
4.3 Non Tagged Valves and In-Line Specialty Items
1 -50 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic 3 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 3
<0 Zinc Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or
(Note-2)
Topcoat --- ---
10 0<T< SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
93 Zinc Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
Intermediate --- --- (Note-2) Polyamide and/or
4B 93 < T < SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
175 Zinc Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Insulated Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Carbon Steel Intermediate --- --- (Note-2) Intermediate Silicone Acrylic 1.5
and Low Alloy
Steel Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5
5 175 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 4.5
< 538 Zinc Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate ---
(Note-2)

4. PIPING
4.3 Non-Tagged Valves and In-Line Specialty Items
Uninsulated
Stainless No Painting Required
Steel (Note-4)
15 -45 < T --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Phenolic 6 SP 11 Touch-up Phenolic Epoxy --- 12
(Section < 150 Intermediate Metallic Epoxy (Note-1) or (Note-3)
(Note-8) Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Phenolic Epoxy 6
16 150 < T --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Aluminum 2 SP 11 Touch-up Aluminum Silicone --- 4
(Section < 538 Intermediate Metallic Silicone (Note-1) or (Note-3)
Insulated 6.1) Topcoat Abrasive Intermediate --- --- SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate --- ---
Stainless (Note-6) Blast (Note-2)
Steel (Note-8) Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 2
17 538 < T --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Polysiloxan 4 SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxane --- 8
(Section < 1100 Intermediate Metallic (Note-1) or (Note-3)
(Note-8) Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Polysiloxane 4
Topcoat Topcoat

4. PIPING
4.4. Off-Line Piping Specialty Items
Carbon Steel
Vendor Standard. Paint System shall be suitable for the expected operating temperature and shall have sufficient service life.
and Low Alloy 18
Touch-up work with suitable paint system shall be recommended by paint manufacturer who supply the paint materials.
Steel
Stainless Steel No Painting Required
Galvanized
Steel
5. MACHINERY AND ELECTRICITY
Carbon Steel
and Low Alloy 18
Touch-up work with suitable paint system shall be recommended by paint manufacturer who supply the paint materials.
Steel
Galvanized
Steel
6. INSTRUMENTS
6.1 In-line Instruments, Venturi, Bodies and Bonnets of Control & On-Off Valves
9 T < 93 SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 8.5
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- (Note-2) Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
Polyamide
Uninsulated Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Polyurethane Enamel 2
Carbon Steel
and Low Alloy 4A 93 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
Steel (Note-4) < 175 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5


6. INSTRUMENTS
5 175 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 4.5
< 538 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Uninsulated
Carbon Steel Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 1
and Low Alloy
Steel (Note-4) 8 538 < T SP 5 2 – 2.5 Primer Polysiloxan 4 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxan --- 8
Intermediate --- --- Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3 Intermediate --- ---
(Note-2)
1 -50 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 3 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
<0 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- (Note-2)
Topcoat --- ---
10 0<T < SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 8.5
Insulated 93 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Carbon Steel Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Intermediate --- --- (Note-2) Intermediate High Build Epoxy 4
and Low Alloy
Polyamide
Steel
4B 93 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic Zinc 2.5 --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc Silicate / --- 5.5
< 175 Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) or Silicone Zinc Primer
Topcoat SP 2 / SP 3
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Silicone Acrylic 1.5

Surface Syst. No. Ope. At Vendor Shop At Field Shop At Field Total
Temp. Surf. Anchor System Material Ave. Surf. Anchor System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Profile Description DFT Prep.n Profile Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT DFT
(SSPC) (mils) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils)
6. INSTRUMENTS
5 175 < T SP 5 1.5 - 2 Primer Inorganic 2.5 --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Inorganic Zinc --- 4.5
< 538 Zinc Silicate Intermediate (Note-1) Silicate / Silicone
Topcoat or SP 2 / Zinc Primer
Intermediate --- --- SP 3 Intermediate Aluminum Silicone 1
Insulated (Note-2)
Carbon Steel Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 1
and Low Alloy
Steel 8 538 < T SP 5 2 – 2.5 Primer Polysiloxan 4 --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxan --- 8
< 1100 Intermediate (Note-1)
Intermediate --- --- Topcoat or SP 2 / Intermediate --- ---
SP 3
Topcoat --- --- (Note-2) Topcoat Polysiloxan 4
Uninsulated
(Note-4)
15 -45 < T --- --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Phenolic 6 SP 11 Touch-up Phenolic Epoxy --- 12
(Section < 150 Intermediate metallic Epoxy (Note-1) (Note-3)
6.1) Topcoat Abrasive Intermediate --- --- or SP 2 / Intermediate --- ---
(Note-6) Blast Topcoat --- --- SP 3 Topcoat Phenolic Epoxy 6
(Note-8) (Note-2)
16 150 < T --- --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Aluminum 2 SP 11 Touch-up Aluminum Silicone --- 4
(Section < 538 Intermediate metallic Silicone (Note-1) (Note-3)
Insulated
Stainless Steel
(Note-6) Blast SP 3
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Aluminum Silicone 2
(Note-8) (Note-2)
17 538 < T --- --- Primer --- --- Non 2 Primer Polysiloxane 4 SP 11 Touch-up Polysiloxane --- 8
(Section < 1100 Intermediate metallic (Note-1) (Note-3)
(Note-6) Blast SP 3
Topcoat --- --- Topcoat Polysiloxane 4
(Note-8) (Note-2)
Surface Syst. No. Ope. At Vendor Shop At Field Shop At Field Total
Temp. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Surf. System Material Ave. Ave.
(° C) Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT Prep.n Description DFT DFT
(SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (SSPC) (mils) (mils)
6. INSTRUMENTS
--- --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- ---
Galvanized Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1)
Steel Topcoat Topcoat
Galvanized 11 --- --- Primer --- --- --- Primer --- --- SP 11 Touch-up Zinc Rich Epoxy --- 4
Steel (Color Intermediate Intermediate (Note-1)
Coding / Topcoat Topcoat or SP 1 / Primer Surface Tolerant 2
Identification) SP 2 Epoxy
Enamel
6.2 Local Panels, Conduits, Terminal Boxes, Off-Line Instruments, etc.
Carbon Steel
and Low Alloy 18
Touch-up work with suitable paint system shall be recommended by paint manufacturers who supply the paint materials.
Steel
Galvanized
Steel
Note-1: Damage to coated surface showing signs of rust or bare metal surface shall be abrasive blast cleaned or power tool cleaned per SSPC-SP11 “Power Tool Cleaning to
Bare Metal” to restore steel to its specified cleanliness.
Note-2: Damaged to topcoats not exposing bare metal shall be solvent cleaned per SSPC-SP1 followed by hand or power tool cleaning per SSPC-SP2 / SSPC-SP3. All gloss
shall be removed and the surface abraded without removing the primer.
Note-3: Power Tool adapted for stainless steel shall use for touch-up.
Note-4: Hot and cold personnel protection surfaces shall be considered as un-insulated surfaces.
Note-5: Protruding portions of equipments and storage tanks from insulation shall be apply according to paint system for un-insulated surfaces.
Note-6: The paints shall be free of zinc, lead and their chemical compound for stainless steel.
Note-7: Primer shall be applied to galvanized steel if vendor cementitious fireproofing requires.
Note-8: Temporary protection for valve packing box shall be used during surface preparation and paint application to prevent damage occasioned due to abrasive, dust or paint.
Note 9: Paints for internal of potable water tank shall be approved by an internationally competent authority.
Note 10: Painting of galvanized steel for color coding / identification purposes can be done at Vendor shop if required.
TABLE 3 SUMMARY PAINT SYSTEMS
Average dry film thickness

Surface Anchor Drying time
Syst. preparation profile range Primer Intermediate Topcoat (mils) interval
No. grade (mils) Coat Intermediate (h)
Primer Coat Topcoat TOTAL
Inorganic Doesn’t
1 SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 - - 3 - - 3
Zinc Silicate apply
Alkyd Primer
2 SSPC-SP6 0.75 – 1.0 free of heavy Alkyd Alkyd Enamel 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 12 to 72
metals Enamel
High Build
3A SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Epoxy - Polyurethane 4 - 2 6 8 to 72
Polyamide Enamel
High Build
3B SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Epoxy - Epoxy 4 - 2 6 8 to 72
Polyamide Enamel
4A SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Inorganic Silicone Silicone 2.5 1.5 1.5 5.5 24 to 48
Zinc Silicate Acrylic Acrylic
4B SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Inorganic zinc Silicone Silicone 2.5 1.5 1.5 5.5 24 to 48
silicate acrylic acrylic
4C SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Phenolic - Phenolic 4 - 4 8 8 to 72

Epoxy Epoxy
Inorganic Aluminum Aluminum

5 SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Zinc Silicate Silicone Silicone 2.5 1 1 4.5 24 to 72
6 SSPC-SP5 1.0 – 1.5 Aluminum - Aluminum 2 - 2 4 2 to 8

Silicone Silicone
Aluminum Aluminum
7 SSPC-SP5 1.0 – 1.5 Silicone - Silicone 2 - 2 4 2 to 8
8 SSPC-SP5 2.0 – 2.5 Polysiloxan - Polysiloxan 4 - 4 8 4 to 8

Aluminum Aluminum
High build
Inorganic Epoxy Polyurethane
9 SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 2.5 4 2 8.5 24 to 72
Zinc Silicate Polyamide Enamel
High Build
10 SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Inorganic zinc Epoxy Epoxy 8.5 4 2 8.5 24 to 72
silicate Polyamide Enamel
Surface
SSPC-SP1 Doesn’t Tolerant Polyurethane
11 - 2 - 2 4 8 to 72
SSPC-SP2 apply Epoxy Enamel
100% Solid 100% Solid

12 SSPC-SP5 2.0 – 2.5 Epoxy - Epoxy 8 - 8 16 8 to 72
High build High Build

13 SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Epoxy Adduct - Epoxy Adduct 4 - 4 8 24 to 48
Amine Amine
High Build High Build
14 SSPC-SP5 1.5 – 2.0 Phenolic - Phenolic 6 - 6 12 12 to 72
Epoxy Epoxy
PART III - COLOR CODES
1 GENERAL
This color code sums up the experience of the Petroleum Industry on system and equipment
identification with certain colors, according to their use and situation.
However, on this respect, guidelines formulated by COVENIN codes 187 - 92 and 253 - 99,
Definicionesy Clasificaciones de Colores (Color Definitions and Classifications) and Señales de
Seguridad y Colores para Ia ldentificación de Líneas que Llevan Fluidos (Safety Signs and Colors
for the Identificatión of Lines Carrying Fluids), shall be taken into account and be complied with.
This code is not exhaustive and the appreciation differences shall be presented according to
complexity of PDVSA’s operations, which will demand a particular or a special color scheme,
however, most paint jobs done on recent times shall be enough.
COLOR SCHEMES
2 COLOR SCHEMES FOR SAFETY EQUIPMENTS

SAFETY EQUIPMENTS BASIC COLOR
Fire extinguishing equipment. Includes fire Red (RAL-3001)
extinguishing pump, hose stations, fire
monitors, tower supports and extinguishing
hydrants among others
Safety showers and other safety installations Yellow (RAL-1003)
Dangerous obstructions (columns, beams, Alternated black (RAL-9005) and canary
pillars and steps among others) yellow strips (RAL-1003)
Safety relief valves Yellow (RAL - 1003)
Dangerous or uncovered machine parts Orange (RAL - 2009)
Dangerous electrical installation spots Black (RAL-9005) with red stripes (RAL-3001)
First aid equipment Green (RAL-6002) letters on white base
(RAL-9003)
3 COLOR SCHEMES FOR INSTRUMENTS

INSTRUMENTS BASIC COLOR
Panels, control boards and instruments Light Gray (RAL - 7004)
Instrument air lines Blue (RAL - 5003)
4 COLOR SCHEMES FOR SIGNS

SIGNS BASIC COLOR
Plants that use caustic sodium or acids Orange (RAL - 2009)
Plants with high hydrogen sulphur concentration Black (RAL-9005) letters on yellow base
(RAL-1003)
5 COLOR SCHEMES FOR MACHINERY/ELECTRICITY

MACHINERY/ELECTRICITY BASIC COLOR
5.1 Pumps Dark Gray (RAL-7005)
5.1.1 Base plate Dark Gray (RAL-7005)
5.1.2 Motors
a. Electric Bluish green (RAL-6017)
b. Fuel Dark Gray (RAL-7005)
5.1.3 Mobile parts, including coupling flanges Orange (RAL-2009)
and covered parts
5.2 Electricity
5.2.1 Generators Light Gray (RAL-7004)
5.2.2 Switch box Dark Gray (RAL-7005)
5.2.3 Transformers Silver Gray (RAL-7042)
6 PIPING
6.1 Inside the Installations
All superficial piping shall be TOTALLY painted with the basic color according to TABLE 1. Inside
the basic color, color ring is applied to identify the type of fluid inside the piping on a more specific
way. The arrow (which indicates flow direction) shall be painted next to the color ring followed by
legend name. Detailed shall be referred to S-000-13A0-0004 (Specification for Lettering and
Marking).
6.2 Outside the Installations

All piping shall be identified with basic color stripes, with the exception of firewater piping (that shall
be totally painted) or wherever conditions or external factors require so. Basic color stripe shall
contain the arrow and the legend identifying the fluid on the piping. The color ring shall be painted
before the basic color stripe. Detailed shall be referred to S-000-13A0-0004 (Specification for
Lettering and Marking).
TABLE 1: Piping Identification

FLUID NAME BASIC COLOR COLOR RING LEGEND NAME
ENGLISH SPANISH
6.1.1 Product lines Aluminum Doesn’t apply
(hydrocarbon (RAL-9006)
derivates)
6.1.2 Steam lines

a. Low pressure Vapor de Baja Aluminum Doesn’t apply VAPOR DE BAJA
steam Presion (RAL-9006) PRESION
b. Medium low Vapor de Media Aluminum Doesn’t apply VAPOR DE MEDIA
pressure steam Baja Presion (RAL-9006) BAJA PRESION
c. Medium Pressure Vapor de Media Aluminum Doesn’t apply VAPOR DE MEDIA
Steam Presion (RAL-9006) PRESION
d. High pressure Vapor de Alta Aluminum Doesn’t apply VAPOR DE ALTA
steam Presion (RAL-9006) PRESION
e. Super heated Vapor Aluminum Doesn’t apply VAPOR
steam Sobrecalentado (RAL-9006) SOBRECALENTADO
f. Steam Special Vapor Especial Aluminum Doesn’t apply VAPOR ESPECIAL
(RAL-9006)
6.1.3 Water lines (as per COVENIN 253)

a. Potable Water Agua Potable Dark Green Light Blue AGUA POTABLE
(RAL-6002) (RAL-5019)
b. Residual Water = LATER = Dark Green Black = LATER =
(RAL-6002) (RAL-9005)
c. Condensate = LATER = Dark Green Yellow = LATER =
Water (RAL-6002) (RAL-1003)
d. Salt Water = LATER = Dark Green Orange = LATER =
(RAL-6002) (RAL-2009)
e. Radioactive Water = LATER = Dark Green Black (RAL-9005) = LATER =
(RAL-6002) and Violet (RAL-
4001)
f. Sewer Water = LATER = Black (RAL-9005) Doesn’t apply = LATER =

g. Fire Water Agua Contra Red (RAL-3001) Doesn’t apply AGUA CONTRA
Incendios INCENDIOS

ENGLISH SPANISH
h. Service/Utility Agua de Dark Green Doesn’t apply AGUA DE
Water Servicios (RAL-6002) SERVICIOS
i. Process Water Agua de Dark Green Doesn’t apply AGUA DE
Procesos (RAL-6002) PROCESOS
j. Boiler Feed Water Agua Para Dark Green Doesn’t apply AGUA PARA
Alimentacion de (RAL-6002) ALIMENTACION DE
Calderas CALDERAS
k. Cooling Water Suministro de Dark Green Doesn’t apply SUMINISTRO DE
Supply Agua de (RAL-6002) AGUA DE
Enfriamiento ENFRIAMIENTO
l. Cooling Water Retorno de Agua Dark Green Doesn’t apply RETORNO DE AGUA
Return de Enfriamiento (RAL-6002) DE ENFRIAMIENTO
m. Sour Water Agua Agria Dark Green Doesn’t apply AGUA AGRIA
(RAL-6002)
n. Demineralized Agua Dark Green Doesn’t apply AGUA
Water Desmineralizada (RAL-6002) DESMINERALIZADA
6.1.4 Gas Lines

a. Hydrogen Gas Hidrogeno Aluminum Yellow HIDROGENO
(RAL-9006) (RAL-1003)
b. Nitrogen Gas Nitrogeno Aluminum Yellow NITROGENO
(RAL-9006) (RAL-1003)
c. Natural Gas Gas Natural Aluminum Yellow GAS NATURAL
(RAL-9006) (RAL-1003)
6.1.5 Foam Lines Red (RAL-3001) Yellow

(RAL-1003)

ENGLISH SPANISH
6.1.6 Chemical products and venomous or harmful gases
a. Ammonia Amoniaco Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply AMONIACO
b. Inhibitor Inhibidor Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply INHIBIDOR
c. Refrigerant Refrigerante Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply REFRIGERANTE
d. Caustic Soda Soda Caustica Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply SODA CAUSTICA
e. Chemical Aditivos Quimicos Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply ADITIVOS
Additives QUIMICOS
f. Refrigerant Fluid Fluido Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply FLUIDO
Refrigerante REFRIGERANTE
g. Amine Amina Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply AMINA
6.1.7 Instrument Air Lines

a. Instrument Air Aire de Blue (RAL-5003) Doesn’t apply AIRE DE
Instrumentos INSTRUMENTOS
b. Process Air Aire de Procesos Blue (RAL-5003) Doesn’t apply AIRE DE
PROCESOS
c. Utility Air Aire de Servicios Blue (RAL-5003) Doesn’t apply AIRE DE SERVICIOS
d. Blowing Air Aire Para Soplar Blue (RAL-5003) Doesn’t apply AIRE PARA SOPLAR
e. Plant Air Aire de Planta Blue (RAL-5003) Doesn’t apply AIRE DE PLANTA
6.1.8 Condensate
a. LP Condensate Condensado de Dark Green Yellow CONDENSADO DE
Baja Presion (RAL-6002) (RAL-1003) BAJA PRESION
b. MP Condensate Condensado de Dark Green Yellow CONDENSADO DE
Media Presion (RAL-6002) (RAL-1003) MEDIA PRESION
c. HP Condensate Condensado de Dark Green Yellow CONDENSADO DE
Alta Presion (RAL-6002) (RAL-1003) ALTA PRESION
d. Cold Condensate Condensado de Dark Green Yellow CONDENSADO DE
(generated from Baja (RAL-6002) (RAL-1003) BAJA
steam turbine Temperature TEMPERATURA
condenser)

ENGLISH SPANISH
6.1.9 Security
a. LP Flare Mechurrio de Aluminum Orange MECHURRIO DE
Baja (RAL-9006) (RAL-2009) BAJA
b. HP Flare Mechurrio de Alta Aluminum Orange MECHURRIO DE
(RAL-9006) (RAL-2009) ALTA
c. Blowdown Desalojo Aluminum Orange DESALOJO
(RAL-9006) (RAL-2009)
d. Hydrogen Sulfide Mechurrio Acido Aluminum Orange MECHURRIO ACIDO
Flare (RAL-9006) (RAL-2009)
6.1.10 Fuel
a. Fuel Gas Gas Combustible Aluminum Yellow GAS COMBUSTIBLE
(RAL-9006) (RAL-1003)
b. Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Aluminum Doesn’t apply FUEL OIL
(RAL-9006)
6.1.11 Sewer
a. Chemical Sewer Drenaje de Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply DRENAJE DE
Quimicos QUIMICOS
b. Oily Water Sewer Drenaje Agua Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply DRENAJE AGUA
Aceitosa ACEITOSA
c. Storm Water Drenaje Agua de Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply DRENAJE AGUA DE
Lluvia LLUVIA
d. Hydrocarbon Drenaje Cerrado Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply DRENAJE
Closed Sewer de Hidrocarburos CERRADO DE
HIDROCARBUROS
e. Acid Drain Drenaje Acido Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply DRENAJE ACIDO
f. Amine Drain Drenaje de Yellow (RAL-1003) Doesn’t apply DRENAJE DE
Aminas AMINAS

ENGLISH SPANISH
6.1.12 Oils
a. Flushing Oil Aceite de Lavado Aluminum Doesn’t apply ACEITE DE LAVADO
(RAL-9006)
b. Lubricating Oil Aceite Lubricante Aluminum Doesn’t apply ACEITE
(RAL-9006) LUBRICANTE
c. Hot Oil Supply Suministro de Aluminum Doesn’t apply SUMINISTRO DE
Aceite Caliente (RAL-9006) ACEITE CALIENTE
d. Hot Oil Return Retorno de Aceite Aluminum Doesn’t apply RETORNO DE
Caliente (RAL-9006) ACEITE CALIENTE
e. Seal Oil Aceite de Sello Aluminum Doesn’t apply ACEITE DE SELLO
(RAL-9006)
f. Tempered Oil Suministro de Aluminum Doesn’t apply SUMINISTRO DE
Supply Aceite (RAL-9006) ACEITE
Temperado TEMPERADO
g. Tempered Oil Retorno de Aceite Aluminum Doesn’t apply RETORNO DE
Return Temperado (RAL-9006) ACEITE
TEMPERADO

ENGLISH SPANISH
6.1.13 Miscellaneous
a. Slurry Slop Slurry Slop Aluminum Doesn’t apply SLURRY SLOP
(RAL-9006)
b. Light Slops Slops Livianos Aluminum Doesn’t apply SLOPS LIVIANOS
(RAL-9006)
c. Heavy Slops Slops Pesados Aluminum Doesn’t apply SLOPS PESADOS
(RAL-9006)
d. Pump Out Salida de Bomba Aluminum Doesn’t apply SALIDA DE BOMBA
(RAL-9006)
e. Process Fluid Fluido de Aluminum Doesn’t apply FLUIDO DE
f. Liquid Nitrogen Nitrogeno Liquido Doesn’t Apply NITROGENO
LIQUIDO
g. Process Slurry Slurry de Aluminum Doesn’t apply SLURRY DE
h. Process Polvo de Doesn’t Apply POLVO DE
Powder/Coke Procesos / Coque PROCESOS /
COQUE
7 STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENT

STRUCTURES BASIC COLOR
Carbon Steel Galvanized Steel
Beams, general supports Medium Gray (RAL-7034) No painting
except stairway, ladder cages,
fire stairways and safety loops
Platforms (grating, steps) Medium Gray (RAL-7034) No painting
Stairways (handrails) and Yellow (RAL-1003) Yellow (RAL-1003)
Ladder cages
Escape routes on buildings Orange (RAL-2009) Orange (RAL-2009)
Fire stairways (handrails) and Yellow (RAL-1003) Yellow (RAL-1003)
safety loops
8 TANK COLOR SCHEME FOR TANK AND EXCHANGER

TANKS BASIC COLOR
Naphtha, gasoline, jet A1 White (RAL-9003)
Kerosene Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Gasoline Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Diesel Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Fuel oil Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Crude petroleum Black (RAL-9005) or Aluminum (RAL -
9006)
Pentane plus Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Lubricating oil Brown (RAL-8017)
Acids Orange (RAL-2009)
Bases (Alkalis) Violet (RAL-4001)
Asphalt Black (RAL-9005)
HEATERS, BOILERS AND EXCHANGER BASIC COLOR

Heater case and chimney Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Boilers Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Heat exchangers Aluminum (RAL-9006)
9 COLOR SCHEME FOR VESSELS (STRUCTURES)

HEATERS, BOILERS AND EXCHANGERS BASIC COLOR
Heater case and chimney Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Boilers Aluminum (RAL-9006)
Heat exchangers Aluminum (RAL-9006)

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REFINING MAJOR PROJECTS GENERAL MANAGEMENT

PROJECT: RPLC DEEP CONVERSION PDVSA DOC. No.

CONFEED PDVSA PDVSA

A 04-09-08 For Approval 62 N.B./K.T./M.S. H.D.

CONFEED PDVSA CHECKED BY PDVSA APPROVED BY

PREPARED BY: Norie Beltran

RPLC DEEP CONVERSION PROJECT

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR PAINTING AND

PART I – REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 12

PART II- PAINT SYSTEMS................................................................................................................... 35

PART III - COLOR CODES ................................................................................................................... 54

2.1 American Society for Testing Materials - ASTM

2.2 National Association of Corrosion Engineers - NACE

2.3 The Society for Protective Coatings - SSPC

2.4 Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales - COVENIN (Industrial Venezuelan Industrial

2.5 Project Specification

3.2 Abrasive Blast Cleaning

3.3 Solvent Cleaning (SSPC-SP 1)

3.4 Manual - Mechanical Tool Cleaning (SSPC-SP2/3/11)

3.5 Surface Roughness

3.7 Volume Solid

3.8 Shelf Life

3.9 Pot Life

3.10 Available Paint Presentations

3.10.1 Primer Presentation

3.11 Paint Systems

3.17 Film Thickness

3.18 Inch Thousandth (mils)

3.20 Vendor / Paint Contractor

3.21 PDVSA Representative

3.23 Paint Manufacturer

(a) Uninsulated stainless steel surfaces

- Generic paint name

2 STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION

TABLE 1 SURFACE PREPARATION GRADE

Surface SSPC NACE ISO Characteristics

White Metal SSPC-SP 5 NACE 1 ISO Sa 3 Surface presents a uniform color

2.2 Surface Preparation through Abrasive Blast Cleaning

2.2.4 Roughness Grade and Anchor Profile

Techniques and Restrictions for Abrasive Blast Cleaning.

TABLE 2 ROUGHNESS AND ABRASIVES

Average Profile Height

2.3 Surface Preparation through Mechanical Tools Cleaning

2.4 Equipment and Structures to be Field Painted

2.5 Surface Preparation for Vessels or Recovered Equipment

2.6 Protection of Adjacent Equipment

3 GALVANIZED STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION

4 STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION

4.2 Installed Surface

5 PAINT APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.2 Spray Application

5.3 Brush Application

- For “touch up” or damaged paint reparation or incorrectly applied paint.

5.4 Roller Application

Description Dry film thickness (mils) Drying time (hours)

- For surfaces with temperatures: 150°

Description Dry film thickness (mils) Drying time (hours)

- For surfaces with temperatures: 538°

Description Dry film thickness (mils) Drying time (hours)

6.2 Galvanized Surfaces

7 DAMAGE OR DEFECTS PREPARATION

8 PAINT APPLICATION SAFETY

8.2 Industrial Painting Material Handling

- Avoid spillage, splashing and vapor inhaling.