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afn;flxTo afnaflnsfsf nflu af}l4s v'/fs xf] . To;}n] b]zsf nflu of]Uo
gful/s tof/ kfg{ :t/Lo afn;flxTosf] ljsf; u/L afnaflnsfsf ;fd' k'¥ofpg cfjZos
5 . oxL cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ qmddf xfdLn] ljleGg ljwfsf afn;flxTosf k':ts k|sfzg ug]{
hdsf]{ ul//x]sf 5f}F .
afnsyf afn;flxTosf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ljwf xf] . afnaflnsf ljleGgvfn] afnsyf
k9\g ?rfpF5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn] afnaflnsfsf] ?lrcg'¿k o; k|sfzg ;+:yfaf6 o;cl3
ljleGg lsl;dsf afnsyfx¿sf] ;ª\sng k|sflzt ul/;s]sf 5f}F . o;}qmddf clxn] xfdL
g]kfnL nf]shLjgdf ls+jbGtLsf ¿kdf /x]sf sltko k|;ª\ux¿nfO{ syfsf ¿kdf k|sflzt
ug{ nfu]sf 5f}F . o;df b]jb]jL, ;x/ / :yfgsf] pTklQ;Fu ;Da4 syfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
t]hk|sfz >]i7 g]kfnL afn;flxTosf] If]qdf :yflkt gfd xf] . pxfFn] afnaflnsfsf
nflu y'k|} afnsyf, afnsljtf, afngf6s, lrqsyf n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf afn/rgfx¿af6
g]kfnL afnaflnsf lgs} nfeflGjt klg ePsf 5g\ . o; ;ª\ux| sf afnsyfx¿ pxfFn] ljleGg
ls+jbGtLx¿sf cfwf/df tof/ ug'e{ Psf] xf] . oL afnsyfx¿ ljz]iftM !)–!# pd]/ ;d"xsf
afnaflnsfsf nflu tof/ ul/P klg cGo pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfsf nflu klg pkof]uL x'g]
xfdLn] cfzf lnPsf 5f}F .
cGTodf of] k':ts k|sfzg ug{ lbg'ePsf]df xfdL t]hk|sfz >]i7k|lt cfef/ JoQm
u5f}F{ . ;fy} efOalxgLx¿n] klg xfd|f ljutsf k|sfzgx¿e}mF o; k':tsnfO{ klg ?rfpg' x'g]
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 ;'g;} g' sf] gu/L

w]/} w]/} klxn] g]kfn vfN6f] Pp6f 7"nf] tnfp lyof] . To;sf] blIf0f–klZrd
s'gfdf ;'ke| fgu/L eGg] Hof“b} /fd|f] gu/L lyof] . Toxf“ clt k/fqmdL bfgj/fh
jf0ff;'/ /fHo ub{y] .
/fhf jf0ff;'/\ sf] xhf/ xft lyof] . xhf/ xftsf] an ePsf]n] pm ;fx|}
3d08L lyof] . deGbf alnof] c¿ sf]xL 5}g eGg] ;DemGYof] .
5
 t/ pm kz'kltgfysf] clt eQm lyof] . x/]s lbg pm ljleGg afhfufhf
ahfp“b} kz'kltgfysf] k"hf cf/fwgf ub{Yof] . p;sf] k"hf / elQm b]v/] eujfg\
kz'kltgfy k|;Gg x'ge' of] .
æbfgj/fh . d k|;Gg 5' . s] a/ dfU5f}“ dfu .Æ kz'kltgfyaf6 bz{g lb“b}
cf1f eof] .
æk|ef] . xh"/sf] s[kfn] d ;DkGg 5' . anjfg\ klg 5' . d]/f xhf/ xft
5g\ . ca dnfO{ s] rflxof] / k|ef] xh"/sf] dfof eP k'U5 .Æ jf0ff;'/n] gd:sf/
ub}{ eGof] .
æs]xL t dfu . d lbg tof/ 5' .Æ kz'kltgfyaf6 k]ml/ cf1f eof] .
æTo;f] eP k|ef] ¤ d]/f] ;'ke| fgu/L ;'g;} g' sf] agf];\ .Æ
ætyf:t' ¤ t/ of] gu/L gfd zf]l0ftk'/ x'g5 ] .Æ olt j/bfg lbO{ kz'kltgfy
cGtWof{g x'ge' of] .
cxf ¤ l;ª\uf] gu/ ;'g;} g' sf] ¤ emlsemsfp ¤ jf0ff;'/ b·bf; k/] . Toxf“sf
afl;Gbfx¿ klg v';L lyP . s]xL jif{;Dd jf0ff;'/n] klg cf/fd;fy /fHo rnfP/
a:of] .
t/ xhf/ xftsf] an ePsf] k/fqmdL bfgj/fhnfO{ ;w}“ r'k nfu]/ a:g
cN5L nfUb} cfof] . p;sf] 3d08 klg Hofb} a9Øf] . ‘ljgfzsfn] ljk/Lt a'l4’
eg]em}“ p;nfO{ o'4 u?“ u?“h:tf] nfUg yfNof] . t/ sf];u“ o'4 ug]{ < p;n] cfk"mh:tf]
anjfg\ sf]xL klg b]vg] . cfk"meGbf sdhf]/;“u o'4 ug{ rfx]g .
cfÇgf] OR5f hfx]/ ug{ pm k]ml/ kz'kltgfynfO{ cfx\jfg ug{ yfNof] .
w'dwfdn] k"hf cf/fwgf u¥of] .
æbfgj/fh . lsg cfx\jfg u¥of} < s] cfkt k¥of] <Æ kz'kltgfyaf6
cf1f eof] .
æk|ef] . s]xL cfkt k/]sf] 5}g . w]/} ;do eof] o'4 ug{ gkfPsf] . xft
lrnfO/x]5 . xhf/ xft ePsf] klg s]xL sfd nfu]g .Æ jf0ff;'/n] laGtL u¥of] .
æs] rfxG5f}“ t <Æ kz'kltgfyaf6 d';S' s xf“:b} cf1f eof] .

6
7
 æk|ef] . cf1f eP xh"/;“u} o'4 ug{ rfxG5' . o'4 ug{ of]Uo c¿ sf]xL klg
b]lvg“ .Æ 3d08n] udSs k'mn]/ jf0ff;'/n] eGof] .
ækv . w}o{ u/ . l5§} deGbf klg anjfg\;u“ ltd|f] o'4 x'g5 ] . cjZo
x'g5 ] . p;n] g} ltd|f] xhf/afx'sf] ansf] l5gf]kmfgf] ug]{ 5 . zf]l0ftk'/ gfdsf]
;fy{stf Tolta]nf g} k|s6 x'g] 5 .Æ kz'kltgfyaf6 cf1f eof] .
æslxn] k|ef], slxn] < clg sf];u“ <Æ 3d08n] r"/ ePsf] jf0ff;'/n] cw}o{
x'b“ } ;f]Wof] . pm o'4 ug{ rf}rf} eO/x]sf] lyof] .
æk|tLIff u/ ¤ l5§} yfxf kfpg] 5f}“ .Æ olt cf1f eP/ kz'kltgfy cGtWof{g
x'ge' of] . jf0ff;'/ cfÇgf] OR5f k'Ug] ePsf]df b·bf; kb}{ b/af/ kmls{of] .
jf0ff;'/sL clt ;'Gb/L Pp6L 5f]/L lyOg\– /fhs'df/L piff ¤ jf0ff;'/n] 5f]/L
piffnfO{ Hofb} dfof uYof]{ . 5f]/Ln] eg]sf] s'/f ;a} k'¥ofO{ lbGYof] .
Ps /ft /fhs'df/L piffn] ;kgfdf Pp6f clt ;'Gb/ o'js b]lvg\ . piffnfO{ Tof]
o'js clt dg k¥of] . p;“u} lax] ug]{ c7f]6 ul/g\ . t/ s;/L < pgL ;'tf{pg yflng\ .
æ5f]/L s] eof] < lsg lgGofp/f] eP/ a;]sL < ;Grf] 5}g ls <Æ laxfg
5f]/Lsf] c“Wof/f] cg'xf/ b]v/] jf0ff;'/n] ;f]Wof] . piffn] klg cfk"mn] ;kgfdf b]vs ] f]
;a} s'/f elgg\ / ToxL o'js;“u lax] ug]{ OR5f atfOg\ .
jf0ff;'/nfO{ lrGtf nfUof] . Tof] o'js sf] xf] < sxf“ < s]xL klg t yfxf
lyPg . p;n] cK;/f lrqn]vfnfO{ af]nfpg k7fof] .
lrqn]vfn] /fhs'df/L piffn] atfPcg';f/sf x'lnof lrqdf sf]g{ yfnL . w]/}
o'jsx¿sf] lrq sf]l/of] .
æxf] . xf] . oxL xf] .Æ Pp6f lrq b]v/] piff v';L x'b“ } lrqn]vfnfO{ c“ufNg
k'lug\ .
Tof] ;'Gb/ o'jssf] vf]hL eof] . Tof] o'js åfl/sf gu/Lsf eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf
kgflt clg?b|sf] /x]5 . lrqn]vfsf] ;xof]uaf6 clg?b|nfO{ /ftf/ftf zf]l0ftk'/
leœofOof] .
åfl/sfdf xNnfvNnf dlRrof] . /ftf/ft clg?b| sxf“ k'Uof], kQ} ePg .
w'Ok“ Qfn vf]hL eof] . cGTodf bfgj/fh jf0ff;'/n] ckx/0f u/]sf] yfxf eof] .
8
tTsfn} >Ls[i0f cfÇgf] Ujfnf ;]gf;d]t lnO{ zf]l0ftk'/df xdnf ug{ cfOk'u] .
>Ls[i0f / jf0ff;'/sf] 3df;fg o'4 eof] . xhf/ xft ePsf jf0ff;'/ klg s]
sd x'GYof] . o'4 dHh}n] rls{of] . cGtdf >Ls[i0fn] jf0ff;'/sf] ;a} xft sf6L
lbP . jf0ff;'/sf] 3d08 rsgfr"/ eof] .
Tolta]nf;Dd clg?b|n] klg /fhs'df/L piffnfO{ dg k/fO;s]sf lyP .
zf]l0ftk'/d} /fhs'df/L piff;“u clg?b|sf] ljjfx eof] . /fhs'df/L piffnfO{
;fy lnP/ >Ls[i0f / clg?b| åfl/sf kmls{P . s]xL Ujfnfx¿ ot} a;] .
To;kl5 ;'g;} g' sf] gu/L klg etfe'· eof] . Pp6f ;fgf] ufp“df kl/0ft eof]
. xfn Tof] gu/L yfgsf]6 -zf]l0ftk'/_ gfp“n] lrlgG5 . of] sf7df8f}“ pkTosfsf]
blIf0f–klZrd e]sdf cjl:yt 5 .

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9
 /fhs'df/ / ef]sf 8d?x¿

w]/} jif{cl3sf] s'/f xf] . Ps lbg kf~rfn b]z -kgf}tL_ sf /fhs'df/

jgljxf/ ug{ lg:s]sf lyP . b]zsf] pQ/k"jL{ 8f“8fdf 3gf jgh·u lyof] To;
jgdf af3, efn', d[u / ljleGg k|sf/sf r/fr'?·L a:by] .
/fhs'df/ r/fr'?·Lsf] lr/\la/\ lr/\la/\ ;'Gb} cufl8 a9] . pgnfO{ ;fx|} cfgGb
cfO/x]sf] lyof] . st} d[u, st} v/fof] km¥ofs k'm?s ub}{ pk|ms
] f] b]Vbf pgL /dfp“y] .
10
 hf“bf hf“bf pgL w]/} dfly k'u] . pgsf ;fyLx¿ klg stf 5'65 ] g\ s'lGg
b]lvPgg\ . Ps 7fp“df pgn] Pp6L al3gL / rf/–kf“rj6f 8d?x¿ b]v] . /fhs'df/
rgfvf] ag] . ¿vsf] cf8df n's/] x]g{ yfn] .
al3gL ;fx|} sdhf]/ b]lvGyL . rNdnfpg klg ;s]sL lyOg . t/ ;–;fgf
8d?x¿n] p;sf] b"wsf] d'G6f] n'l5/x]sf lyP . 8d?x¿ ªØf/ªØf/ ub}{ l/;
kf]lv/x]sf b]lvGy] . al3gL w]/} lbgb]lv xnrn g} ug{ g;Sg] u/L la/fdL /lx5 .
lzsf/ ug{ klg ;s]sL /lxg5 . al3gL klg s] u/f];,\ g b"w vfg lbg ;SyL g t
lzsf/ vf]h/] Nofpg ;SyL . pm dg{} nfu]sLh:tL lyO{ .
of] b]v/] /fhs'df/nfO{ 6L7 nfUof] . ;fx|} bof klg nfUof] . o:tf] larNnL
pgn] x]g{} ;s]gg\ . ;–;fgf d/GRof“;] 8d?x¿ b]v/] pgnfO{ dfof klg nfUof] .
dflg;sf] uGw kfP/ al3gL / 8d?x¿ klg rgfvf] eP . s]xL vfg kfpg]
cfzfn] /fhs'df/nfO{ 6\jfNn k/]/ x]g{ yfn] . pgnfO{ s] u?“ eof] .
/fhs'df/n] s]xL ;f]Rg} ;s]gg\ . pgn] ‰jf§ sDd/af6 v's/' L lems] .
cfÇgf] n'uf klg k'msfn] . clg v's/' Ln] cfÇg} z/L/sf] df;' sf6]/ 8d? ePlt/
kmfNg yfn] . 8d?x¿ /dfO{–/dfO{ vfg yfn] . /fhs'df/n] cfÇgf] z/L/df ePsf
;a} df;' sf6]/ l;WofP . pgnfO{ cfÇgf] df;' cfkm}n] sf6\bf klg b'vs ] f] cg'ej
ePg .
v} ¤ s'g zlQmn] xf] ¤ pgnfO{ s'g} b'Mv ePg . s'g} kZrftfk ePg . a?
ef]sf 8d? / al3gLn] df;' vfPsf] x]b{} /dfO /x] . df;' vfg kfPsf]df al3gL /
8d?x¿ klg c;fWo} /dfP .
pgsf] kl5kl5 cfPsf ;fyLx¿ ;fx|} rlst eP . cfÇg} df;' cfkm}n] sf6]/
al3gL / 8d?nfO{ VjfPsf] b[Zo ck"j{ lyof] . o:tf] b[Zo pgLx¿n] slxNo} b]vs ] f
lyPgg\ .
/fhs'df/ ToxL 8ª\uª| ª\ n8] . pgsf] ToxL d[To' eof] .
kf~rfn b]zdf va/ k'Uof] . /fhf–/}tL ;a} x:ofªkm:ofª ub}{ Toxf“ cfOk'u] .
pgsf] ToxL“ ;b\ult ul/of] . k/f]ksf/L sfo{ u/]sfn] pgnfO{ dxf;Œj elgof] .
/fhs'df/ dxf;Œjsf] gfd htftt} km}lnof] .
11
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 pgsf] ;Ddfgdf ToxL Pp6f dlGb/sf] :yfkgf klg ul/of] .
w]/} jif{kl5 Toxf“ a'4 eujfg\ 3'Db} lkmb}{ cfOk'u] . a'4nfO{ of] 7fp“ ;fx|}
/dfOnf] nfUof] . Toxf“ a:bf ;fx|} cfgGbsf] cg'ej klg u/] .
pgn] To; /d0fLo :yfgnfO{ af/Daf/ gdM jf gd:sf/ u/] . eujfg\
a'4n] af/Daf/ gd:sf/ u/]sfn] To; 7fp“sf] gfd ‘gdM a'4fo’ /xg uof] . To;
7fp“sf] ul/df / dxŒj km}ln“b} uof] . kl5 Tof] Ps wfld{s tLy{:yn aGg k'Uof] .
sfnfGt/df ‘gdM a'4fo’ eGbfeGb} To; kljq 7fp“ ‘gdf] a'4’, ‘gfDa'8f’ x'b“ } xfn
‘gd'/f’ gfdn] lrlgg yfNof] .
sfe|k] nfGrf]s lhNnfsf] kgf}tL glhs} /x]sf] To; 7fp“ ;fx|} kljq / zfGtdo
5 . Toxf“ Pp6f eJo af}4r}To / u'Daf 5 . ;fy} Pp6f 9'·d] l" t{ klg :yflkt 5 .
To;df /fhs'df/ dxf;Œjn] cfÇgf] df;' cfkm}n“ ] sf6]/ al3gL / 8d?x¿nfO{
VjfO/x]sf] b[Zo 5 . xfn Toxf“ k|To]s sflQs k"l0f{dfsf] lbgdf eJo d]nf nfUg]
u5{ .

-;'gs];|f M c;f/, @)%(_

13
 bofn' a"9fa"9L / tfnaf/fxL

emdSs ;f“emsf] a]nf, l;dl;d kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof] . Ps hf]8L a"9fa"9L a}bfd
ufp“df b]vf k/] . pgLx¿ lgy|S' s leh]sf lyP . ;fx|} yfs]sf klg b]lvGy] .
pgLx¿sf xftuf]8f n'uu'u sfld/x]sf lyP . a"9fa"9L ;fx|} sdhf]/ b]lvGy] . Psn]
csf{nfO{ ;xf/f lb“b} cufl8 al9/x]sf lyP .
ufp“ rddGg eO;s]sf] lyof] . a]nfa]nfdf e':ofxf s's/' e'Sb} pgLx¿nfO{
14
emD6g cfOk'Uy] . pgLx¿ s] u?“, s;f] u?“ x'b“ } otfptf kNofsk'ns ' x]y{] . glhs}sf]
3/sf] b}nf] 9S9sfp“y] .
æxfdL w]/} 6f9faf6 cfPsf, af; kfOPnf ls <Æ b}nf] v'nk] l5 pgLx¿ eGy] .
æ5}g ¤Æ ?vf] af]nL af]Nb} 3/wgL 9\ofDd b}nf] y'Gy] . pgLx¿ k]ml/ csf]{ 3/df
k'u/] af; dfUy] .
æltdLnfO{ af; lbg 3/ agfPsf xf}“ / ¤ 5}g hfcf] .Æ w]/} 3/b}nfaf6
pgLx¿n] o:t} hjfkm kfP . pgLx¿ w]/} yfls;s]sf lyP . lbSs / b'MvL eP .
/ft a9\b} uof] . ;sL–g;sL pgLx¿ Pskl5 csf]{ 3/ rxfg{ yfn] . sxL klg af;
kfPgg\ . s;}n] af; lbPgg\ . a"9fa"9Lsf] b'Mv s;}n] b]vg] g\, s;}n] ;'gg] g\ .
Toxf“sf dflg;x¿ :jfyL{, a]Odfg / nfnrL lyP . tL a"9fa"9Laf6 s]xL kfpg] cfzf
b]vg] 5g\, xKsfP/ k7fOlbP .
a"9fa"9L lg/fz eP . glhs}sf] rf}tf/Ldf k'u/] ysfO{ dfg{ vf]h] . bs]k{ fgL kg{
yfn]sf] lyof] . a"9fnfO{ vf]sL klg a9Øf] . ef]s klg nflu;s]sf] lyof] . x}/fg
eO;s]sf lyP .
pgLx¿ s]xL 6f9f ufp“sf] k'5f/df Pp6f 5fk|fd] f aQL an]sf] b]v] . ‘;f;
eP;Dd cf;’ eg]em}“ s]xL cf; knfof] . ;':s]/f xfNb} pgLx¿ p7] .
æleq sf] x'g' x' G' 5 < af; kfOPnf ls <Æ a"9fn] emLgf] :j/df k'sf¥of] . Tof]
5fk|f] Pp6f ul/a ls;fgsf] /x]5 .
æsf] < sxf“af6 cfpg'ef] <Æ 3¥ofSs b}nf] p3fb}{ ls;fgn] ;f]Wof] . kl5kl5
p;sL :jf:gL 6'sL aQL lnP/ plePsL lyO{ .
æxfdL k/b]zL xf}“ . w]/} 6f9faf6 cfPsf af; vf]Hbf–vf]Hbf x}/fg eOof] . Ps
/ft a:g lbg'xG' 5 ls <Æ a"9fn] cfu|x u¥of] .
æcxf], cfpg'xf];\ leq . lgy|S' s} lelh;Sg'eP5 . xfdL ul/an] s] kf] ;Tsf/
ug{ ;S5f}“ / ¤ h] 5 u'hf/ ug'x{ f]nf .Æ ls;fgn] :jfut u¥of] .
a"9fa"9Ln] cfÇgf] s'Dnf] la;fP . sf]7fsf] rf/}lt/ cf“vf bf}8fP . Ps s'gfdf
efG;f, csf]{ s'gfdf u'Gb|L cf]5ØfOPsf] cf]5Øfg b]lvof] . s'6f]sf]bfnf] / 8f]sf]–
gfDnf] csf]{ 5]pdf 5/k:6 lyP . ul/asf] 3/df c¿ s] g} x'G5 / ¤
15
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 a"9fa"9LnfO{ cf]5Øfgdf a:g lbP . ls;fgsL :jf:gLn] ;fgf] srf}/fdf clnslt
vL/ / yfndf e'6s ] f] ds} NofP/ kfx'gfsf] cufl8 /flvlbOg\ .
ævfg'xf];\ ¤ 3/df c¿ s]xL /x]g5 . lrQ a'emfpg'xf]nf .Æ pgn] ;':t/L
elgg\ . a"9fn] vL/sf] srf}/f Ps efu lnof], a"9L ds} af“8/] vfg yflng\ .
æxfdL t[Kt eof}“ . tkfO{x+ ¿sf] ;Tsf/ lal;{g;Sg' 5 . tkfO{x+ ¿;“u wg geP
klg dg /x]5 . o; ufp“sf 7"nfa8f;“u wg eP/ s] ug',{ dg /x]g5 . ;fx|} :jfyL{
/ b'R5/ /x]5g\ . bofdfof eGg] hfg]s} /x]g5g\ . 7"nfn] ;fgfnfO{ vfg] k|jl[ Q
/x]5– df5fsf] Gofoh:t} .Æ kfx'gfx¿n] w]/} s'/f u/], w]/} s'/f .
æcfh /flt cem 7"nf] kfgL kg]5 { . of] ufp“ g} Pp6f 7"nf] tfn aGg]5 . To;}n]
tkfO{x+ ¿ clxn] g} 8f“8flt/ hfg'xf];\ . tkfO{x+ ¿n] af“Rg'k5{ .Æ a"9f kfx'gfn]
ls;fgnfO{ eGof] .
ætkfO{x+ ¿ sf] x'gx' G' 5 < of] s'/f s;/L yfxf kfpg'eof] <Æ ls;fgn] ;f]Wof] .
æxfdL af/fxL xf}“ . xfdL tkfO{x+ ¿sf] p4f/ ug{ cfOk'us ] f 5f}“ . cljZjf;
gug'x{ f];\ . nf} l5§} uOxfNgf];\ .Æ a"9fn] lh2L u¥of], t/ kfx'gfnfO{ 5f]8/] ls;fg
hfg rfx]g / eGof]– æp;f] eP tkfO{x+ ¿ klg xfdL;“u} lx“8g\ f];\ .Æ
a"9fa"9Ln] cg]s s'/f ;DemfP . cflv/df ls;fg bDktL cfgb'sf] 8f“8ftkm{ a;fO“
;/] . laxfg pgLx¿n] tn a];Ldf x]bf{ t ufp“sf] 7fp“df Pp6f 7"nf] tfn b]v] . ufp“
l;·} tfndf 8'la;s]5g\ ¤ of] b]v/] pgLx¿nfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] .
tfnsf] aLrdf cln cUnf] l9:sf] b]lvof] . Toxf“ rlDsnf] s]xL j:t' klg b]v] .
af/fxL pTklQ ePsf] /x]5 . To;sf ;fy} vL/ /fv]sf] srf}/f ;'gsf] / ds} /fv]sf]
yfn rf“bLsf] eP5 . ls;fgsf bDktLx¿ af/fxLsf] d"lt{ :yfkgf u/L ToxL k"hfcfhf
u/L a:g yfn] . 7"nf] tfnsf] gfd ‘k]mjf’ /flvof] / af/fxLsf] gfd ‘tfnaf/fxL’ /xg
uof] . To;} a]nfb]lv Toxf“ k|To]s jif{ sf]hfu|t k"l0f{dfsf lbg 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] u5{ .

-afntf/f M k';–df3, @)%*_

17
 dgsfdgf / k'hf/L yfkfdu/

/fhf /fdzfx lgb|faf6 lap“lemP . pgnfO{ s]xL ps';d's;' ePsf] cg'ej eof]
p7]/ a;] . 5]jd} f /flvPsf] s?jf p7fP/ 36\36\ kfgL lkP . s]xL xn'·f] cg'ej u/] .
sf]7fdf dw'/f] lbofnf] aln/x]sf] lyof] . ‰jf§ pgsf] cf“vf glhs} ;'lt/x]sL
/fgLdfly k¥of] . pgn] /fgLsf] cg'xf/ lgofn]/ x]/] . /fgL OGt' g lrGt' eP/
;'lt/x]sL lyO{ . ;f; k]m/]sf] klg b]lvPg . /fhf lhNn k/] .
18
 /fhfn] glhs} uP/ x]gy{ fn] . cfDd} ¤ /fgLn] t ;f;} k]m/]sf] b]lvPg . /fhf em;·
eP . klxn] o:tf] b]lvPs} lyPg . nf} laTof; k¥of] . /fgLnfO{ s] eof] < /fhf cflQP .
æ/fgL ¤ P dxf/fgL ¤ p7 . s] eof] ltdLnfO{ <Æ /fhf /fdzfxn] cflQb}
/fgLnfO{ p7fpg yfn] . /fgLnfO{ xft}n] 3R3rfP/ klg p7fpg vf]h] . t/ /fgLn]
rfO“rO' “ klg ul/gg\ . /fhf emg} cflQP . s]xL l;k gnfu]kl5 s?jfsf] kfgL
/fgLsf] cg'xf/df 5ØfkL lbP . t}klg lap“lemPgg\ . /fhf cflQP/ s/fpg} dfq
nfu]sf lyP /fgL rNdnfOg\ . /fgL la:tf/} laplemOg\ . /fhf 5Ss k/]/ cfkm}nfO{
x]l//x]sf] b]v/] /fgL h'?Ss pl7g\ .
æ/fgL ¤ s] eof] ltdLnfO{ . lsg OGt' g lrGt' ePsL < dnfO{ t 8/}
nfUof] .Æ /fhfn] dfof ub}{ /fgLnfO{ c“ufnf] xfNg k'u] .
æs] eof] / ¤ s]xL ePem}“ nfUb}g . Sof dHhfsf] ;kgf b]lv/x]sL lyP“ .Æ
/fgLn] cfª\ tGsfp“b} elgg\ .
æ;f;} gk]m/]/ < s;/L x'g;S5 . cl3 ltdL ;'lt/x“bf ;f;} k]m/]sf] b]lvg“
t ¤ ;f;} gk]m/]/ klg ;kgf b]Vg ;lsG5 / ¤Æ /fhf emg} lhNn k/] .
cfwf /ft dfq ePsf]n] b'jh} gf k]ml/ ;'t] . s]xL a]/d} /fgL e';' e' ;' ' lgbfOg\ .
t/ /fhfnfO{ /fte/ lgb|} nfu]g .
/fhfnfO{ w]/} lbg;Dd o;} s'/fn] lk/f]ln/xØf] . pgL /fgLsf] /x:o yfxf
kfpg vf]lh/x]sf lyP .
/fgLsf] dg k/]sf Pshgf nfof] y/sf yfkfdu/ cf7kxl/of lyP . p;nfO{
/fgLsf] ;';f/] -vf; dfG5]_ eg] klg xG5 . p;nfO{ /fgLsf] x/]s s'/f yfxf x'GYof] .
of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ /fhfn] p;nfO{ s]/sf/ ug{ yfn] . w]/} s]/sf/ u/]kl5 p;n]
/fhfnfO{ ;a} ;f“rf] s'/f elglbof] .
s] ePsf] /x]5 eg], kf}/fl0fs sfndf Psk6s dxfb]jn] eidf;'/ /fIf;nfO{
a/bfg lbP5g\ ‘t]/f] xft h;sf] 6fpsf]dfly k5{ Tof] t'?Gt} eid x'g5 ] .’ o:tf]
a/bfg kfPkl5 eidf;'/n] hf“Rgsf nflu dxfb]js} 6fpsf]df cfÇgf] xft /fVg
tD;]5 . clg dxfb]j Toxf“af6 efUb} dxfsfnLsf] z/0fdf k'u5 ] g\ .

19
 dxsfnLn] eidf;'/nfO{ df]lxt kf/]/ cfÇg} 6fpsf]df cfÇgf] xft /fVg
nufOl5g\ . 6fpsf]df cfÇgf] xft kgf{;fy eidf;'/ ToxL eid eP5 .
æx] b]jL ¤ cfh d]/f] dgf]sfdgf k"0f{ ug'e{ of] . ca ;a} k|f0fLsf] dgf]sfdgf
klg k"0f{ ug'x{ f];Æ\ egL dxfb]jn] cfu|x u/]5g\ . dxfsfnLn] klg dgsfdgf k"0f{
u/fpg] jrg lbg'eP5 .
w]/} jif{kl5 dxsfnLn] uf]/vfsf /fhf /fdzfxsL /fgL ag]/ hgsNof0fsf] sfd
ug{ yflng\ . of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ uf]/vfsf cf/fWob]j uf]/vgfyn] g} /fgLsf] ;]jf ug{ To;
l;4 yfkfdu/nfO{ ;';f/] agfP/ k7fPsf /x]5g\ . ;f“rf] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 /fhfn]
/fgLnfO{ cem} ;Ddfg / cfb/ ug{yfn] . pgsf] x/]s OR5f k'¥ofO{ lbg yfn] / /fhf/fgLsf]
lbg /fd|f;] u“ laTb} uof] . /fgL nLnfjtLn] /fhf /fdzfxnfO{ rqmjtL{ /fhf agfpg rfx]sL
lyOg\ . t/ /fhfn] /fgLsf] e]b yfxf kfPsfn] Tof] ;Dej ePg 5 .
20
 s]xL jif{kl5 /fhfsf] lgwg eof] / /fgL klg ;tL hfg rflxg\ . To;
;dodf nf]Ug] d/]df :jf:gL klg Pp6} lrtfdf hn]/ dg'k{ g]{ ;+:sf/ lyof] . o;}nfO{
;tL hfg' elgG5 .
æd ltd|} 3/lg/ lznf eP/ k|s6 x'g5 ] ' . d]/f] ;]jf ltdLn] g} ug'{ ¤Æ /fgLn]
;';' f/] nfof] yfkfnfO{ ;tL hfg] a]nfdf cx|fOg\ . /fhf/fgLsf] d[To'kl5 ;';f/] nfof]
yfkf klg cfÇg} 3/lt/ nfUof] .
pm dxfsfnLsf] eQm lyof] . pm ;w}“ dxfsfnLsf] k"hfkf7 u/]/ lbg latfp“Yof] .
s]xL jif{kl5 ;f]xL du/sf] sk]ms ufp“df v]t hf]TgnfUbf xnf]sf] kmfnL Pp6f 7"nf]
9'·fdf c8\lsof] . xnf]sf] kmfnL lgsfNbf 9'·fdf rf]6 nfu]sf 7fp“af6 /ut au]sf]
b]v/] ls;fgx¿ 8/fP/ efu] .
To;} /flt ToxL a"9f] yfkfdu/nfO{ ;kgf eof] æd dxfsfnL x'“ . ltdLnfO{
lbPsf] jrg k"/f ug{ d ltd|f] ufp“ glhs} cfPsL 5' . ;a}sf] dgf]sfdgf k"0f{ x'g5] ¤Æ
a"9f] nfof] yfkfn] ;tL hfg] a]nfdf /fhf /fdzfxsL /fgL nLnfjtLn] eg]sf]
s'/f emNof:; ;D‰of] .
ef]lnkN6 laxfg p;n] ;a} ufp“nn] fO{ e]nf u/fof] .
æTof] lznf t dxfsfnLsf] xf] . nf} ;fyL xf] dxfsfnLsf] :yfkgf u/f}“ / k"hf
cf/fwgf u/f}“ .Æ pgLx¿n] Toxf“ b]jLsf] :yfkgf u/] . To;}an] fb]lv Toxf“ k'Ug]
eQmhgsf] dgf]sfdgf k"/f x'g yfn]sf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . ToxL dxfsfnL:yfg xfn
dgsfdgf eujtLsf] gfdn] k|l;4 5 .
xfn Toxf“ g]kfnL 5fg]zn} Lsf] snfTds b'Otn] eJo dlGb/ 5 . Tof] dlGb/
uf]/vf lhNnfsf] sk]ms ufp“sf] 8f“8fdf cjl:yt 5 . xfn;Dd klg pg} nfof]
yfkfdu/ a"9fsf ;Gtfgx¿ To; dlGb/sf k'hf/L 5“b5 } g\ . x/]s zlgaf/ /
rf8kj{df Toxf“ >4fn'x¿sf] 3'Or “ f] nfUg] u5{ .

21
 eLd]Zj/ / afx| 9fq]mx¿

laxfgsf] ;do ¤ 3fd l5lKk“b} lyof] . 6fpsf] dfly 3fd k'Ug} nfu]sf]
b]lvGYof] . 9fs/ -;fgf] y]Krf] 8f]sf]_ af]ss
] f 9fqm]x¿ n:s/} psfnf] pSn“b} lyP .
9fs/el/sf] ;fdfg u¥x'u“ f] x'g] g} eof] . 9fs/ af]Sg] x'b“ f el/ofnfO{ 9fqm] klg
elgG5 . el/ofx¿ ef/L af]s/] Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df hfg] u5{g\ . pgLx¿ klg
;fx'sf] ef/L k'¥ofpg csf]{ ufp“df hf“b} lyP .
22
 Pshgf cln kfsf 9fqm]bfO{n] ;'Oo\ ;':s]/f xfn] . pgL ;fx|} yfs]sf b]lvGy] .
xftdf lnPsf] tf]Sdf -cª\uh|] L 6L cfsf/sf] n¶L_ k5fl8 nu]/ 9fs/ c8fP .
lgwf/af6 gfDnf] lems]/ s]xL ;lhnf];u“ pleP . 9fs/ lkl7p“df g} c8]sf] lyof] .
6f]kLn] lgwf/sf] kl;gf k'5/] otfplt x]/] .
8f“8fsf“8f ¿v la?jfn] 5kSs} 9fs]sf] lyof] . jgsf] af6f] eP klg Toxf“
cln v'nf lyof] . glhs} kfgLsf] d'xfg s'Ns'nfp“b} lyof] .
æx}g xf] dfOnf ¤ ot} la;fcf}“ ls s;f] < ef]s klg nfUof] . kfgL klg
/’5 .Æ p;n] cfÇgf ;fyLnfO{ xsf¥of] .
æx'G5 lg xf} bfh' ¤¤ la;fcf}“ g t ¤ ef]s klg kf] ;fx|f] nfu]sf] 5 .Æ csf]{
;fyLn] eGof] .
ænf} xf] ;fyL xf] ¤ ot} la;fcf}“ ¤ vfgf vfP/ dfq p“ef] nfUg' knf{ ¤Æ klxnf]
9fqm]n] eGof] / 9fs/ la;fpg s]xL cUnf] 7fp“ vf]Hg yfNof] . ;a} 9fs/ la;fP/
;':tfpg yfn] . afx|h} gf 9fqm]x¿n] cf–cfÇgf vfg] ;fdn lemSg yfn] . sf]xL eft
ksfpg tlD;P . sf]xL l98f] cf]8fg{ ;'l/P . s;}n] 9fs/af6 tfKs], bflanf] -kGo"_“
lems], s;}n] vfgf ;fdn . sf]xL kfgL lng uP t sf]xL bfp/f a6'Ng . sf]xL r'Nxf]
agfpg sl:;P .
Pp6f 7"nf] 9'·fsf] cf8df b'Oj{ 6f 9'·f pEofP/ r'Nxf] agfP . rDsf / e'm/f]
-b'O{ s8f 9'·f 7f]s/] lg:s]sf] lemNsf]df ;'ss ] f] 3f“; ;Nsfpg'_ sf] ;xof]un] cfuf]
;NsfP . cfuf] ;Ns]kl5 tfKs] a;fn] . eft ksfP . t/ tfKs]sf] Psf 5]ps “ f]
rfdn kfs]g . k]ml/ /fd|f;] u“ rfdn rnfP/ ksfP . t}klg h:tfsf] To:t} . eft
kfSb} kfs]g .
ef]sfPsf pgLx¿nfO{ l/; p7Øf] . sf“r} vfg' klg ePg . emf]s rn]/
Pshgfn] To; cnlR5gf 9'·fdf bflanf] hf]8n] ahf¥of] . 9'·fsf] Ps rf]O6f
lgl:sof] . x]bf{xb] {} Toxf“af6 eNen /ut aUg yfNof] .
æcfDd} ¤ s] eof] < x]/ t ;fyL xf] ¤ 9'·f rf]Ol6Psf] 7fp“af6 /ut kf]
aUof] .Æ Pshgf lrRofof] . ;a} 5Ss kb}{ x]g{ yfn] . cflQP klg . s] eof] < s;f]
eof] < d];f] g} kfPgg\ .
23
 æs:tf] crDd ¤ s] laTof; kg]{ eof] < xfdLn] gsfd u¥of}“ ls <Æ o:t}
xNnf ub}{ pgLx¿ Toxf“af6 efUg yfn] .
s]xL dfly k'uk] l5 Pshgf hf]uL cfk"mtkm{ cfO/x]sf] pgLx¿n] b]v] . pgLx¿
s]xL 9'Ss eP . tL hf]uL afafn] ;]tf] n'uf nufPsf lyP . p;sf] lgwf/df ev{/
nfu]sf] 3fpaf6 /ut alu/x]sf] lyof] . pm cfÇgf] lgwf/ lyRb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] .
æs] eof] bfO xf] < lsg xNnfvNnf ug'{ ePsf] < cflQPsf h:tf b]lvg' x'G5
lg <Æ p;n] ghLs k'uk] l5 zfGt :j/df ;f]Wof] .
pgLx¿n] r'Nxf] agfPsf] 9'·f k'm6\bf /ut cfPsf];d]t ;a} s'/f ;'gfP .
cflQPsfn] pgLx¿n] hf]uLafafsf] lgwf/df nfu]sf] 3fp klg b]vg] g\ . cfÇg} b'v;] f]
dfq kf]lv/x] .
æP ¤ Tof] 9'·fdf t eLd;]g lyP . eLd]Zj/ ag]kl5 To;} 9'·fdf ;dflxt
ePsf x'g\ . tkfO{x¿n] lap“emfO lbg' eP5 .Æ hf]uLafafn] zfGt eP/ eGof] .
æx“ eLd;]g < sf] eLd;]g < clg sf] eLd]Zj/ <Æ pgLx¿ emg} 5Ss k/] .
æw]/–} w]/} klxn] dxfef/t sfnsf] s'/f xf] . kf08jx¿ u'Ktaf; a:g lj/f6gu/
cfPsf] a]nfsf] s'/f xf] .Æ hf]uLafafn] eGg ;'? u¥of] .
æP tL kf08jx¿ ¤ kf“rhgf bfh'efO lyP xlu <Æ Pp6f cln kfsf 9fqm]bfOn]
eGof] .
æxf] ¤ ltg} kf08jx¿ b|fk} bLsf;fy lj/f6gu/df u'Ktaf; al;/x]sf lyP .
pgLx¿nfO{ kf08j eg]/ s;}n] lrGb}gy] . To;a]nf sLrs eGg] ;]gfkltn] pgLx¿sf
kTgL b|fk} bLnfO{ g/fd|f] cf“vfn] x]g{ yfn]sf] lyof] . of] s'/f eLd;]gnfO{ dg k/]g .
eLd;]gn] sLrsnfO{ dfg{ nv]6g\ yfNof] . nv]6bf nv]6b\ } eLd;]g oxf“ cfOk'u] .
sLrs klg anafg\ lyP . xQkQ p;nfO{ s;}n] dfg{ ;Sb}gy] . eLd;]g
xfonsfon eP . clg eLd;]gn] dxfb]j / eujtLsf] cf/fwgf u/] . eujtL /
dxfb]jn] pgnfO{ zlQm k|bfg u/] . eujtL / dxfb]jsf] c+z kfP/ eLd;]g cfwf ?b|
/ cfwf zlQm ag] . clg eLd]Zj/sf] ¿kdf o;} 9'·fdf ;dflxt ePsf x'g\ .Æ
hf]uLafafn] s'/f a'emfP . of] s'/f ;'g/] 9fqm]x¿ emg\ 8/fP .

24
25
 æxfdLn] 7"n} kfk u/]5f}“ . xfdL kfkL xf}“ . Ifdf u/ eujfg\ ¤Æ pgLx¿
cnfkljnfk ug{ yfn] . pgLx¿nfO{ s] ug]{ s;f] ug]{ xf];} /x]g .
æx}g x}g ¤ tkfO+x{ ¿ kfkL x}g . tkfO{x¿n] hfgL ghfgL eLd]Zj/nfO{
lap“emfO lbg'eof] . o:tf] Ps lbg x'gk} Yof]{ . a? tkfO{x¿n] eLd]Zj/nfO{ a:g] 7fp“
agfO{ lbg'xf];\ . ;a 7Ls x'g5 ] .Æ hf]uLafaf olt eg]/ p“wf] nfUof] . s]xL tn
k'uk] l5 cGtWof{g klg eP .
pgLx¿n] t'?Gt} j/k/sf] emf8L ;kmf u/] . Tof] 9'·fsf] rf/}lt/ 9'·fsf]
kvf{n nufP . leq k:g Pp6f 9f]sf klg agfP . ToxL 9'·fnfO{ eLd]Zj/ dfg]/
k"hfcf/fwgf u/] . s]xLlbg kl5 kms]/{ cfp“bf afx|h} gf 9fqm]x¿n] PsPs j6f af]sf
aln klg r9fP . c¿ a6'jfx¿n] klg k"hf ug{yfn] . tL afx|hgf 9fqm]x¿n] k|To]s
jif{ Toxf“ cfP/ afx|j6f af]sf aln lbP/ k"hf ug{ 5'6fPgg\ .
eLd]Zj/sf] Voflt rf/}tkm{ km}nb“ } uof] . dgn] lrtfPsf] s'/f k'Ug] ljZjf;
a9\g yfNof] . To;sf] j/k/ a:tL klg aflSnb} uof] . kl5 Pp6f ;'Gb/ /fHo g}
v8f eof] .
Psk6s Toxf“sf s'g} /fhfn] eLd]Zj/sf] eJo dlGb/ agfpg nufP .
dlGb/df ;'gsf] 5fgf /flvof] . t/ 5fgf nufPs} /flt dlGb/ elTsof] . k]ml/ klg
dlGb/ agfP, k]ml/ elTsof] . k]ml/ agfP, k]ml/ klg elTsof] . /fhf cflht eP .
lsg dlGb/ elTs/xG5 eGg] s'/f a'‰g} ;s]sf lyPgg\ .
æd eLd]Zj/ x'“ . ltd|f] elQmn] d v';L 5' . t/ d 5fgf ePsf] dlGb/df a:g
rfxGg . dnfO{ 5fgf gePsf] dlGb/ eP k'U5 .Æ Ps/ft /fhfnfO{ ;kgf eof] .
To;kl5 eLd]Zj/sf] dlGb/df 5fgf 5fpg 5f]l8of] . bf]nvf lhNnfsf] bf]nvf
ahf/df eLd]Zj/sf] 5fgf gePsf] dlGb/ clxn] klg 5 . Toxf“ k|To]s zlgaf/
eQmhgx¿sf] 3'Or “ f] nfUg] u5{ .

26
 s}nL ufO{ / kz'klt

k/fk"js{ fndf xfnsf] sf7df8f}“ pkTosfdf Pp6f 7"nf] gfubx lyof] . To;sf
j/k/ 3gf jgh·n lyof] . To;a]nf gfubxsf] blIf0f–klZrdsf] s]xL cUnf]
:yfgdf zf]l0ftk'/ gfdsf] clt ;'Gb/ gu/ lyof] . Toxf“ /fhf k/fqmdL jf0ff;'/
lyP . pgsf] xhf/ xft lyof] elgG5 . pm lzjeQm klg lyof] . To;}n] pm Hofb}
3d08L klg lyof] .
27
 p;sf] z]vL emfg{ Psk6s åfl/sfaf6 >Ls[i0f oxf“ cfP . pgsf] ;fydf
Ujfnf ;}Gox¿ klg lyP . >Ls[i0f / af0ff;'/sf] 3g3f]/ n8fO“ eof] . cflv/
af0ff;'/sf] xf/ eof] . >Ls[i0fsf gflt clg?b|;u“ af0ff;'/sL 5f]/L piffsf] ljjfx
eof] .
>Ls[i0fn] To;}an] f gfubxsf] kfgL ;'sfpg rf]ef/sf] 8f“8f] sfl6lbP .
Toxf“ uN5]8“ f] aGof] / gfubxsf] kfgL pkTosf aflx/ hfg yfNof] . -sf]xL eG5g\
dGh'>Ln] sf6]sf x'g_\ To;kl5 >Ls[i0f clg?b|sf;fy piffnfO{ lnP/ åfl/sf kmls{P .
s]xL Ujfnfx¿ ot} 5f]l8P .
zf]l0ftk'/ gu/ etfe'· e};s]sf] lyof] . /fhf klg lyPg, Toxf“ a:g] dflg;
klg Hofb} sd dfq af“sL lyP . w]/} jif{;Dd Toxf“ cfjfbL a9\g ;s]g . jgh·n
3gf aGb} uof] . Toxf“sf afl;Gbf / 5f]l8Psf Ujfnfx¿ otfptf 5l/P/ a:g
yfn] . 7fp“7fp“df ;–;fgf dflg;sf a:tL dfq lyP .
w]/w} /] } jif{kl5 kbdsfoi6 lu/Ldf klg Ujfnfx¿sf] a:tL a:of] . Ujfnfx¿
ufO{ kfNg] uy]{ . To;}n] pgLx¿ 3f“;kft ;lhn};u“ kfOg] 7fp“df a:g ?rfp“y] .
kbdsfoi6 lu/Lsf] j/k/ r/gsf] nflu rp/ / 3f“;bfp/fsf] nflu jgh·n glhs}
lyof] .
Ujfnfsf] gfOs]n] w]/} ufO{j:t' kfn]sf lyP . To;dWo] Pp6L s}nL ufO{sf]
gfd ax'xL| lyof] . Tof] ufO{ ;fx|} ;'wL lyO{ . w]/} b"w lbGyL . To;}n] Ujfnfn] klg
p;sf] x]/rf/ /fd|f;] u“ uYof]{ . k|z:t 3f“; Vjfp“Yof] . laxfga]ns ' L s'8“ f] klg
k]6el/ Vjfp“Yof] . htf;'s} rg{ hfg klg To; ufO{n] 5'6 kfPsf] lyof] .
t/ o:tf] ;'wL ufO{n] s]xL lbgb]lv b"w lbg 7ØfDd} 5f]8L .
s}nL ufO{n] b"w glbPsf]df UjfnfnfO{ ;fx|} lrGtf eof] . lsg b"w glbPsf]
xf] < st} la/fdL kf] k/L ls < t/ la/fdL k/]sf] s'g} nIf0f b]lvb}gYof] . /fd|;} u“
vfGyL, /fd|;} u“ lx8\yL . b"w b'xg' ] a]nfdf dfq xfg'n“ fem}“ u/]/ cf“vf tyL{ . an u/]/
b'xg' vf]Hbf v'§f rnfP/ b'xg' } lb“bg} yL . lsg o:tf] u/L eGg] Ujfnfn] 7Dofpg}
;s] g .

28
29
 clg Ujfnfn] To; ufO{sf] r]jf ug{ yfNof] . lbp“;f] ufO{ rg{ uPkl5 Ujfnf
klg rfn dfb}{ kl5kl5 nfUg yfNof] .
s}nL ufO{ rb}r{ b}{ w]/} 6f9f k'uL . Zn]ifdfGts jg glhs} afudtLsf] lsgf/df
k'u/] /f]lsO{ . dWofx\gsf] ;do lyof] . 6G6nfk'/ 3fd nflu/x]sf] lyof] .
s}nL ufO{n] Ps 7fp“df pleP/ cfÇgf] sNrf}8“ f]af6 b"wsf] wf/f aufO{ .
cfDd} ¤ s] xf] o:tf] < ufO{ cfkm}n] cfÇgf] b"wsf] wf/f aufPsL ¤ s]
crDd ¤ lrofP/ x]l//x]sf] Ujfnf 5Ss k¥of] .
b"wsf] wf/f yfldPkl5 s}nL ufO{ kms]/{ cfO{ . Ujfnf klg 5Ss kb}{ rfndfb}{
3/ cfof] . /flt p;nfO{ lgb|f g} k/]g . s]xL lbg lrof] ug]{ ljrf/n] Ujfnf r'k
nfu]/ a:of] .
ef]lnkN6 klg s}nL ufO{ ToxL 7fp“df k'u/] b"wsf] wf/f aufP/ kmsL{ . o;/L
s]xL lbg Ujfnfn] ufO{sf] lk5f ul//xØf] . s}nL ufO{ ;w}“ Ps} 7fp“df b"w aufpg]
uyL{ .
UjfnfnfO{ s]xL /x:o ePem}“ nfUof] . Toxf“ s'g} b}jLzlQm x'gk' 5{ eGg] cg'dfg
u¥of] . t/ p;n] s;}nfO{ klg s]xL eg]g . cfkm}n] To; 7fp“df vg]/ xg]{ ljrf/
u¥of] .
;f“Rr} ¤ Ps lbg Ujfnfn] To; 7fp“df vGg yfNof] . s]xLa]/ vGbf Toxf“
Hofb} rlDsnf] Hof]lt k|s6 eof] . Hof]ltsf] /fkn] Tof] Ujfnfsf] gfOs] ToxL eid
x'gk'Uof] .
To;a]nf g] gfd u/]sf d'lg 6]sb' f]efgdf tk:of ul//x]sf] lyof] . g] d'lg
Hofb} l;l4 k|fKt Clif lyP .
Tof] Hof]lt eujfg\ kz'kltsf] lzjln·sf] lyof] . Tof] lzjln· ;Too'udf
a|xd\ f, lji0f' / OGb|n] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . w]/w} /] } jif{kl5 e"sDk, af9Lh:tf k|sf]ksf
sf/0f lzjln· k'l/Psf] lyof] . clxn] Hof]ltln{· k|s6 eof] . of] s'/f g] d'lgn] yfxf
kfP .
zfGt ePkl5 Toxf“ kz'klt Hof]ltln{·sf] :yfkgf u/] .

30
 To;a]nf o; pkTosfdf s'g} /fhf lyPg . g] d'lgn] Hof]ltn] eid ePsf
Ujfnf gfOs]sf] 5f]/f e'Qmdfg UjfnfnfO{ Toxf“sf] /fhf agfP . kz'klt / o;
b]zsf] /Iff ug]{ lhDdf lbP . e'Qmdfg Ujfnf gLk hfltsf lyP . To;}n] o; b]zsf]
gfd g]kfn /xg uof] .
s;} s;}n] ‘e'Qmdfg Ujfnf uf]kfnj+zsf x'g,\ g] d'lgn] kfng u/]sf]n] g]kfn
x'g uPsf]’ eg]sf 5g\ . h] xf];\ e'Qmdfg UjfnfnfO{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] /fhf jf zf;s
eGg] ul/G5 . pgn] w]/} jif{ /fHo u/] . ufO{kfns ePsfn] UjfnfnfO{ uf]kfn klg
elgG5 . pgsf ;ft k':tfn] /fHo rnfPsf] dflgG5 . pg} Ujfnfsf ;Gtfg
cr]nsf uf]kfnL x'g\ eGg] egfO klg 5 .

-d'gf M dª\l;/, @)^$_

31
 gl;l4Psf] u9 l;d|fg} u9

gfGob]j gfdsf Ps /fhf 3'Db} lkmb}{ pQ/lt/ nfu] . hf“bfhf“bf Ps 7fp“ clt
/fd|f] b]v/] pgn] ToxL“ /fHo v8f u/]/ cfgGbk"js{ a:g yfn] . pgn] hgtfnfO{ klg
;'v–zflGtsf ;fy /fv]sf lyP .
/fhfsf gf]s/–rfs/ klg k|z:t lyP . To;dWo] Ozf/f gfdsL Pp6L
rfsgL{ klg lyOg\ . ltgL /fd|L / rnfv klg lyOg\ . /fhfn] pgnfO{ cfÇgf] a}7sdf
32
a“8f/s'8“ f/sf] sfd ;'Dk]sf lyP . pm lbge/ /fhfsf] vf]kLdf sfd uyL{ . /fhf klg
pgLb]lv v';L lyP . pm /flt cfÇg} 3/df kms{GyL .
To;} /fHodf Pp6f e"t klg a:bf]/x]5 / Ozf/f;“u To; e"tsf] p7a;
/x]5 . pm /flt–/flt Ozf/fsf] 3/df cfp“bf] /x]5 . Ozf/f klg To; e"tnfO{
cfb/–;Tsf/ ulb{/lx5 .
æclxn] ;a 7Ls 5, a? Pp6f s"rf] rflxPsf] 5 .Æ Ozf/fn] egL .
æx'G5, ef]ln NofOlbp“nf .Æ eGb} e"t uof] .
ef]lnkN6 e"tn] s"rf] NofOlbof] . ;'gsf] s"rf] w]/} /fd|f] lyof] . Ozf/f b· kl/g\ .
pgn] ;f]lrg\ of] s"rf]n] t /fhfsf] vf]kL a9fg'{ k5{ . csf]{ laxfg pgn] To;} s"rf]n]
/fhfsf] vf]kL a9fl/g\ . ;a]/} /fhf p7]/ a}7sdf cfp“bf cl3kl5sf] eGbf ;kmf kfP .
To;df klg 7fp“7fp“df rdrd rlDs/x]sf]n] sf]7fsf] ;f}Gbo{ emg\ rDs]sf] lyof] . /fhfn]
lgofn]/ x]/] . dl;gf ;'gsf 6'qmf klg 5l/Psf /x]5g\ . /fhf lhNn k/] .
/fhfn] ;f]wk'5 u/] . Ozf/fn] ;'gsf] s"rf]n] a9f/]sf] s'/f ul/g\ . To;
lbgb]lv /fhfsf] vf]kL Hofb} ;kmf b]lvg yfNof] .
lbg o;/L g} laTb} lyof] . /fhfn] cfÇgf] /fHodf ljsf;sf] nx/ km}nfO/x]sf
lyP . l5d]sL /fHox¿eGbf of] /fHo w]/} /fd|f] lyof] . To;}n] /fhfnfO{ /fHosf]
;'/Iffsf] 7"nf] kL/ lyof] . o;sf nflu pgL /fHosf] rf/}tkm{ alnof] lsNnf agfpg
rfxGy] . t/ ;fwgsf] cefjn] alnof] u9 agfpg] cf“6 ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ .
/fhfn] u9 agfpg] cfÇgf] ljrf/ dGqLx¿nfO{ eGg] ub{y] . of] s'/f Ozf/fn]
klg ;'gs ] L lyOg\ . Ozf/fsf] 3/df e"t ;w}“ cfp“Yof] . Ps /ft Ozf/fn] cem /fd|f;] u“
e"tsf] cfb/–;Tsf/ ul/g\ . dL7f–dL7f rLhjLh vfg lbOg\ . e"t k|;Gg eof] .
æcfh ltdL s] dfUg rfxG5Øf},“ lk|o <Æ e"tn] dfof u/]/ Ozf/fnfO{ ;f]Wof] .
æcfh d cfÇgf] nflu s]xL klg dfUg rfxGg“ .Æ Ozf/fn] klg dfofn'
cfjfhdf pQ/ lbOg\ .
æclg s;sf nflu dfU5Øf}“ t <Æ e"tn] crDd dfGb} ;f]Wof] .
ælbg] eP dfq eG5' .Æ Ozf/fn] :jfª kfl/g\ .
ælbG5', eg, ltdLn] h] dfU5Øf},“ Tof] d lbG5' .Æ e"tn] cfÇgf] lgZro
atfof] .
33
34
 æjrg lbg'xf];\ .Æ Ozf/fn] jrg dflug\ .
æjrg eof] .Æ e"tn] jrg lbof] .
ælk|o ¤ cfhsn /fhf ;fx|} lrGtfdf x'gx' G' 5 . b]zsf] /Iffsf] nflu /fhf
cfÇgf] /fHosf] rf/}tkm{ lsNnf v8f ug{ rfxg' x'G5 . t/ /fhf;“u Toqf] vr{ ug]{
k};f 5}g .Æ Ozf/fn] elgg\ .
æclg ltdL d;“u s] rfxG5Øf}“ t <Æ e"tn] Ozf/fsf] s'/f ga'em]/ ;f]Wof] .
æc¿ x}g, /fHosf] rf/}tkm{ u9 lgdf{0f ul/lbg' k¥of] .Æ Ozf/fn] cfu|x ul/g\ .
æx'G5 d tof/ 5' .Æ e"tn] eGof] . Ozf/f Hofb} v';L eOg\ / e"tnfO{ c“ufNg
k'lug\ .
ælk|o ¤ /fhf;“u eg, Ps ;o /f“uf / Ps ;o d'/L kmnfdsf] lrp/f h'6fO
b]pm ¤ u9 cjZo lgdf{0f x'G5 .Æ e"tn] cx|fof] .
tLg lbgkl5 e"tn] eg]hlt rLhaLr /fhfn] h'6fO{ glhs}sf] em/f]v/ kf]v/Lsf]
5]pdf k'¥ofO{ lbP . u9 lgdf{0f ug]{ /flt hgtfnfO{ 3/aflx/ lg:sg gkfpg] cfb]z
hf/L eof] . /ft rsdGg eof] . e"tx¿n] vfgf vfPkl5 /fhfn] rfx]em}“ /fHosf]
rf/}tkm{ u9 tof/ ug{ nfu] . w]/} sfd l;l4O;s]sf] lyof] . s]xL sfd af“sL lyof] .
To;} a]nfdf Pp6f 3/df ?jfaf;L eof] . To; 3/sf] hjfg 5f]/f] /flt g} d/]5 .
/fhfsf] cfb]z x'b“ f ?g klg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . t/ s]xL a]/kl5 To; 3/sf kl/jf/n]
cfÇgf] w}o{ yfDg ;s]gg\ / sxflnP/ ?g yfn] .
e"tx¿ sfd ub}{ lyP . pgLx¿n] dfG5]sf] cfjfh ;'g] . nf} laxfg eP5,
dflg;x¿ pl7;s] eGg] ;f]rL cw'/f] sfd 5f]8/] e"tx¿ uP . u9 cw"/f] g} /xØf] .
ef]lnkN6 /fhf lg/LIf0fdf hf“bf u9 cw"/f] kfP . sf/0f a'‰bf /flt dfG5]sf]
cfjfhn] e"t kms]s { f] s'/f yfxf eof] .
lgdf{0f sfo{ s]xL af“sL eP klg /fhf v';L eP . cfk"mn] cf“6g\ g;s]sf] sfd
Pp6f rfsgL{n] u/L lbPsf]df /fhf b·bf; lyP . Ozf/f;“u /fhf Hofb} v';L eP .
clg Ozf/fsf] sfdsf] dfg /fVg /fhfn] /fHosf] d'Vo ahf/sf] gfd Ozf/f ahf/
/flvlbP . To;} a]nfb]lv of] /fHosf] gfd ‘l;dbnjg u9’ cyf{t\ l;l4g g;s]sf]
u9 eGg] /xg uof] . kl5 l;d|fg} u9 gfdn] k|Voft eof] . l;d|fg} u9 af/f lhNnfsf]
blIf0f ;LdfGtdf eUgfjz]ifsf] ¿kdf clxn] klg 5“b} 5 .
35
 3f“;] / nlntkQg

w]/–} w]/} klxn] pkTosfsf] blIf0fsf] s'g} b]zdf jL/b]j gfd u/]sf /fhfn]
/fHo uy]{ . To;} b]zdf Pshgf clt ul/a dflg; klg a:bYof] . pm Hofb} s'¿k eP
klg wd{k/fo0f lyof] . p;nfO{ glrGg] sf]xL klg lyPg . pm 3f“; sf6]/ ;x/df
nuL a]Rg] uYof]{ / cfÇgf] hLljsf rnfp“Yof] . To;}n] p;nfO{ ;a}n] 3f“;] eg]/
af]nfp“y] . pm o;} gfdn] b]ze/ k|l;4 lyof] .
36
 To; 3f“;n] fO{ /fhf jL/b]jn] klg /fd|;} u“ lrGby] . pm /fhfsf] b/af/df klg
3f“; k'¥ofpg hfg] uYof]{ . pm Odfgbf/ t 5“b} lyof], wd{df klg ;fx|} ljZjf;
/fVbYof] .
Ps lbg pm ;w}e“ m}“ 3f“; sf6\g jgdf uPsf] lyof] . To; jgnfO{ nlnt jg
elgGYof] . udL{sf] lbg lyof] . pm dHhfn] 3f“; sfl6/x]sf] lyof] . 3f“; sfl6/x“bf
p;nfO{ Hofb} ltvf{ nfUof] . p;n] cfk"m;“u kfgL lnP/ uPsf] lyPg . glhs} kfgLsf]
vf]N;f] klg b]vg] .
pm cfÇgf] 8f]sf] / x“l;of ToxL e'Od“ f 5f]8/] kfgL vf]Hg uof] .
pm kfgL vf]Hb} w]/} 6f9f k'Uof] . hf“bfhf“bf p;n] Pp6f clt ;'Gb/ tnfp
e]§fof] .
‘cxf ¤ slt ;kmf kfgL, slt sGrg ¤’ pm Hofb} /dfof] . p;n] 6Gg kfgL
lkof] . kfgL c;fWo dL7f] lyof] . udL{ ePsf]n] p;n] dHhfn] g'xfof] klg . p;n]
cfÇgf] hLp ;fx|} xn'ªu\ f] ePsf] cg'ej u¥of] .
To;kl5 pm klxn] 3f“; sf6]sf] 7fp“df kms]/{ uof] . sfl6;s]sf] 3f“;
8f]sf]df ldnfP/ /fVof] . clg x“l;of p7fpg vf]Hbf p7fpg} ;s]g . an u/]/
tfGof] t/ x“l;of e'Oa“ f6 8]s rn]g . hlt tfGbf klg x“l;of p7fpg ;s]g . pm
5Ss k¥of] .
æc“ xf];\ ¤Æ p;n] x“l;of ToxL 5f]8Øf] / 3f“;sf] 8f]sf] af]s/] ;x/lt/
nfUof] .
;x/df p;nfO{ s;}n] lrg]g . pm emg\ 5Ss k/]/ lx“l8/xØf] . cl3kl5 eP
;a}n] p;nfO{ s] 5 s;f] 5 eg]/ ;f]Wg] uy]{ . cfh s;}n] klg ;f]wvf]h u/]sf
x}gg\ . pm b/af/df k'Uof] . b/af/df klg p;nfO{ s;}n] lrGg ;s]gg\ . /fhf
jL/b]jn] klg p;nfO{ lrg]gg\ . pm 5Ss kl//xØf] . lsg dnfO{ cfh s;}n]
glrg]sf] h:tf] ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]/ 7Dofpg} ;s]g .
æxh"/, dnfO{ lrGg' ePg ls s;f] <Æ p;n] cflv/df /fhfnfO{ ;f]lwxfNof] .
æcx“ ¤ sf] xf} ltdL < af]nLn] t 3f“;h ] :tf] nfU5 .Æ /fhfn] kSs k/]/
;f]w] .
37
38
 æd 3f“;] g} t x'“ . lrGg' ePg <Æ p;n] 5Ss kb}{ eGof] .
æcxf], ltdL 3f“;] g} xf}“ < slt nlnt <Æ /fhf tLg5Ss k/] . 3f“;s ] f]
cg'xf/} k]ml/Psf] lyof] . s'¿k cg'xf/ t ;fx|} ;'Gb/ ag]sf] /x]5 .
æcxf] ltdL s;/L olt ;'Gb/ eof} < slt nlnt b]lvG5f} cfh ¤Æ /fhfn]
eg] .
æv} xh"/ ¤ d}n] t s]xL ul/g“ . c“, cfh lbp“;f] nlnt jgsf] tnfpdf kfgL
lkP/ g'xfPsf] dfq lyP“ . c¿ t s]xL ul/g“ .Æ p;n] ;xh ¿kn] eGof] .
p;sf] ;'Gb/ cg'xf/ b]v/] /fhf v';L ePsf lyP . To; lbgb]lv 3f“;n] fO{
/fhf jL/b]jn] ;fx|} dg k/fpg yfn] . To;}n] p;sf] gfd g} nlnt /flvlbP .
æ/fhg ¤ 3f“;] efUodfgL 5g\ . p;n] nlnt cg'xf/ kfPsf] 7fp“df Pp6f
7"nf] ;x/ a;fpg' xf];\ . enf] x'g] 5 . a? To; ;x/sf] gfd ‘nlntkQg’ /fVg'
xf]nf .Æ To;} /ft Pp6f b}jLzlQmn] /fhf jL/b]jnfO{ ;kgf lbof] .
lap“lemPkl5 /fhf jL/b]jn] To; 7fp“df 7"nf] ;x/ a;fpg] 3f]if0ff u/] . w]/}
k};f vr{ u/]/ sl/a aL; xhf/ dflg; c6fpg] ;x/ g} lgdf{0f u/fP . Tof] ;x/
;f]re] Gbf 7"n} aGof] .
To; ;x/sf] gfd ‘nlntkQg’ g} /fv] . kl5 Tof] ;x/ Pp6f b]zs} ¿kdf
kl/lrt ePsf] lyof] . clxn] Tof] ;x/ sf7df8f}“ pkTosfsf] 7"nf] ;x/dWo]sf] Pp6f
;x/ ag]sf] 5 . To; ;x/nfO{ cr]n nlntk'/ elgG5 . rngrNtLdf kf6g eg]/
klg lrlgG5 .

-;|f]t M l;Nef“ n]eL, g]kfn M lxGb" clw/fHosf] Oltxf;, ef

efuu– !_

39