BIRD’S

COMPREHENSIVE

ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS

JOHN BIRD

WORKED SOLUTIONS TO

EXERCISES

1
 INTRODUCTION

In ‘Bird’s Comprehensive Engineering Mathematics’ are over 3500 further problems arranged

regularly throughout the text within 384 Exercises. The solutions for all 3500 of these further

problems has been prepared in this document.

CONTENTS

Page
Chapter 1 Basic arithmetic (Exercises 1 to 4) 1
Chapter 2 Fractions (Exercises 5 to 7) 16
Chapter 3 Decimals (Exercises 8 to 11) 28
Chapter 4 Using a calculator (Exercises 12 to 22) 42
Chapter 5 Percentages (Exercises 23 to 25) 69
Chapter 6 Ratio and proportion (Exercises 26 to 30) 83
Chapter 7 Powers, roots and laws of indices (Exercises 31 to 33) 97
Chapter 8 Units, prefixes and engineering notation (Exercises 34 to 40) 107
Chapter 9 Basic algebra (Exercises 41 to 44) 128
Chapter 10 Further algebra (Exercises 45 to 47) 139
Chapter 11 Solving simple equations (Exercises 48 to 51) 149
Chapter 12 Transposing formulae (Exercises 52 to 54) 169
Chapter 13 Solving simultaneous equations (Exercises 55 to 59) 188
Chapter 14 Solving quadratic equations (Exercises 60 to 64) 218
Chapter 15 Logarithms (Exercises 65 to 67) 245
Chapter 16 Exponential functions (Exercises 68 to 72) 258
Chapter 17 Inequalities (Exercises 73 to 77) 282

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 2

Chapter 18 Polynomial division and the factor and remainder theorems
(Exercises 78 to 80) 293
Chapter 19 Partial fractions (Exercises 81 to 83) 302
Chapter 20 Number sequences (Exercises 84 to 90) 312
Chapter 21 The binomial series (Exercises 91 to 94) 330
Chapter 22 Maclaurin’s series (Exercises 95 to 97) 344
Chapter 23 Solving equations by iterative methods (Exercises 98 to 100) 355
Chapter 24 Hyperbolic functions (Exercises 101 to 104) 380
Chapter 25 Binary, octal and hexadecimal (Exercises 105 to 110) 395
Chapter 26 Boolean algebra and logic circuits (Exercises 111 to 116) 419
Chapter 27 Areas of common shapes (Exercises 117 to 121) 447
Chapter 28 The circle and its properties (Exercises 122 to 127) 460
Chapter 29 Volumes and surface areas of common solids (Exercises 128 to 134) 477
Chapter 30 Irregular areas and volumes and mean values (Exercises 135 to 137) 512
Chapter 31 Straight line graphs (Exercises 138 to 140) 521
Chapter 32 Reduction of non-linear laws to linear form (Exercises 141 to 142) 549
Chapter 33 Graphs with logarithmic scales (Exercises 143 to 145) 566
Chapter 34 Polar curves (Exercise 146) 575
Chapter 35 Graphical solution of equations (Exercises 147 to 150) 578
Chapter 36 Functions and their curves (Exercises 151 to 155) 598
Chapter 37 Angles and triangles (Exercises 156 to 161) 622
Chapter 38 Introduction to trigonometry (Exercises 162 to 168) 641
Chapter 39 Trigonometric waveforms (Exercises 169 to 172) 668
Chapter 40 Cartesian and polar co-ordinates (Exercises 173 to 174) 686
Chapter 41 Non-right angled triangles and some practical applications
(Exercises 175 to 178) 694
Chapter 42 Trigonometric identities and equations (Exercises 179 to 183) 712
Chapter 43 The relationship between trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
(Exercises 184 to 185) 729
Chapter 44 Compound angles (Exercises 186 to 190) 735
Chapter 45 Complex numbers (Exercises 191 to 195) 763
Chapter 46 De Moivre’s theorem (Exercises 196 to 199) 785
Chapter 47 The theory of matrices and determinants (Exercises 200 to 204) 807
Chapter 48 Applications of matrices and determinants (Exercises 205 to 209) 822
Chapter 49 Vectors (Exercises 210 to 214) 855
Chapter 50 Methods of adding alternating waveforms (Exercises 215 to 219) 871

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Chapter 51 Scalar and vector products (Exercises 220 to 222) 892
Chapter 52 Introduction to differentiation (Exercises 223 to 228) 903
Chapter 53 Methods of differentiation (Exercises 229 to 233) 917
Chapter 54 Some applications of differentiation (Exercises 234 to 240) 934
Chapter 55 Differentiation of parametric equations (Exercises 241 to 242) 967
Chapter 56 Differentiation of implicit functions (Exercises 243 to 245) 976
Chapter 57 Logarithmic differentiation (Exercises 246 to 248) 984
Chapter 58 Differentiation of hyperbolic functions (Exercise 249) 993
Chapter 59 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
(Exercises 250 to 252) 995
Chapter 60 Partial differentiation (Exercises 253 to 254) 1008
Chapter 61 Total differential, rates of change and small changes
(Exercises 255 to 257) 1018
Chapter 62 Maxima, minima and saddle points for functions of two variables
(Exercises 258 to 259) 1027
Chapter 63 Standard integration (Exercises 260 to 261) 1040
Chapter 64 Integration using algebraic substitutions (Exercises 262 to 263) 1049
Chapter 65 Integration using trigonometric and hyperbolic substitutions
(Exercises 264 to 270) 1058
Chapter 66 Integration using partial fractions (Exercises 271 to 273) 1073
Chapter 67 The t = tan /2 substitution (Exercises 274 to 275) 1084
Chapter 68 Integration by parts (Exercises 276 to 277) 1091
Chapter 69 Reduction formulae (Exercises 278 to 281) 1104
Chapter 70 Double and triple integrals (Exercises 282 to 283) 1115
Chapter 71 Numerical integration (Exercises 284 to 286) 1125
Chapter 72 Areas under and between curves (Exercises 287 to 289) 1138
Chapter 73 Mean and root mean square values (Exercises 290 to 291) 1150
Chapter 74 Volumes of solids of revolution (Exercises 292 to 293) 1157
Chapter 75 Centroids of simple shapes (Exercises 294 to 296) 1169
Chapter 76 Second moments of area (Exercises 297 to 298) 1185
Chapter 77 Solution of first order differential equations by separation of variables
(Exercises 299 to 302) 1194
Chapter 78 Homogeneous first order differential equations (Exercises 303 to 304) 1210
Chapter 79 Linear first order differential equations (Exercises 305 to 306) 1221
Chapter 80 Numerical methods for first order differential equations
(Exercises 307 to 309) 1233

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 d2 y dy
Chapter 81 Second order differential equations of the form a b  cy  0
dx 2 dx
(Exercises 310 to 311) 1250
d2 y dy
Chapter 82 Second order differential equations of the form a 2
b  cy  f (x)
dx dx
(Exercises 312 to 315) 1260
Chapter 83 Power series methods of solving ordinary differential equations
(Exercises 316 to 321) 1288
Chapter 84 An introduction to partial differential equations (Exercises 322 to 326) 1315
Chapter 85 Presentation of statistical data(Exercises 327 to 329) 1336
Chapter 86 Measures of central tendency and dispersion (Exercises 330 to 333) 1353
Chapter 87 Probability (Exercises 334 to 337) 1365
Chapter 88 The binomial and Poisson distributions (Exercises 338 to 339) 1376
Chapter 89 The normal distribution (Exercises 340 to 341) 1384
Chapter 90 Linear correlation (Exercise 342) 1397
Chapter 91 Linear regression (Exercise 343) 1403
Chapter 92 Sampling and estimation theories (Exercises 344 to 346) 1412
Chapter 93 Significance testing (Exercises 347 to 349) 1425
Chapter 94 Chi-square and distribution-free tests (Exercises 350 to 354) 1438
Chapter 95 Introduction to Laplace transforms (Exercise 355) 1455
Chapter 96 Properties of Laplace transforms (Exercises 356 to 358) 1458
Chapter 97 Inverse Laplace transforms (Exercises 359 to 361) 1467
Chapter 98 The Laplace transform of the Heaviside function (Exercises 362 to 364) 1477
Chapter 99 The solution of differential equations using Laplace transforms
(Exercise 365) 1488
Chapter 100 The solution of simultaneous differential equations using Laplace
transforms (Exercise 366) 1501
Chapter 101 Fourier series for periodic functions of period 2 (Exercise 367) 1508
Chapter 102 Fourier series for a non-periodic functions over period 2
(Exercise 368) 1516
Chapter 103 Even and odd functions and half-range Fourier series
(Exercises 369 to 370) 1526
Chapter 104 Fourier series over any range (Exercises 371 to 372) 1538
Chapter 105 A numerical method of harmonic analysis (Exercises 373 to 374) 1549
Chapter 106 The complex or exponential form of a Fourier series
(Exercises 375 to 377) 1557
Chapter 107 An introduction to z-transforms (Exercises 378 to 384) 1568

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 5

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 6