FLOORING

FLOOR FINISHES

Submitted to : Submitted by :
MS. Manavvi Suneja Sampat Prajapati
17110026
 VINYL FLOORING

There are several types of vinyl floorings and tiles. The major varieties include vinyl
composition tiles, homogeneous or flexible vinyl tiles, and laminated vinyl flooring.

Vinyl composition tile (VCT) is a finished flooring material used primarily in

commercial and institutional applications.
Modern vinyl floor tiles are composed of colored polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chips
formed into solid sheets of varying thicknesses (1/8" is most common) by heat and
pressure. Floor tiles are cut into modular shapes such 12" x 12" squares or 12" x 24"
rectangles.
In installation the floor tiles are applied to a smooth, levelled sub-floor using a
specially formulated vinyl adhesive that remains tacky but does not completely dry.
Tiles are typically waxed and buffed using special materials and equipment.

 This flooring product is mostly used in interior work and also photo laborities,
drawing room, bedroom, offices and water proof used in bathroom.

Installation
1. Snap your grid lines.

2. Spread the VCT adhesive.

On the underside of most VCT tiles, you’ll usually find dry back application. That
means that you will have to use glue during VCT installation in order to make the tiles
stay in place.
3.Lay the tile
Once you’ve spread the glue, the next step in VCT installation is to actually lay the
tile. When laying tile, it’s good to remember that the first tile sets the tone for the rest
of the installation.

4.Finish it off
VCT often comes with a factory coat of polish. While this protects the tile during
shipment, it is recommended that you remove it and refinish it with several coats of
your own polish.

Advantages
 Vinyl flooring is durable and stands up well to heavy foot traffic.
 It is comfortable under foot and reduces noise, which can be important for
owners with kids or pets.
 It is also less expensive than many other flooring options and is easy to install
and maintain. Vinyl flooring comes in a broad range of colors and patterns to
match every decor, including a variety of lifelike wood grains.

Disadvantages
 Vinyl floors do not stand up well to heavy loads and can be damaged by sharp
objects.
 Colors can fade with exposure to too much direct sunlight and floors can be
damaged by extreme temperatures. For that reason, vinyl is not
recommended for outdoor or indoor/outdoor uses.
 TERRAZO FLOORING

Terrazzo is a concrete surface with special aggregate of marble chips(or other

decorative material) mixed with white or colored cement in proportion of 3:1(three
marble chips : one cement).

Installation

 The flooring may be laid in different thicknesses.

40mm thick flooring will consist of a 6-8 mm thick layer
of terrazzo topping and 34-40 mm thick under layer of
cement concrete 1:2:4.
 Prior to laying flooring, the whole area is divided
into suitable panels by use of dividing strip(made from
copper, brass, aluminium or glass) , in order to reduce
the risk of cracking, the area of a panel shall not exceed
2sq m.
 The concrete under layer is then spread,
consolidated, leveled and finished to a slightly rough
surface .
  When the under layer has harden sufficiently, already prepared plastic
terrazzo mixture is laid and compacted thoroughly by tamping or rolling.
 After tamping or rolling, the surface is floated and troweled and left to dry out
for 12 to 18 hours.
 After this period the surface is cured under standing water for 2 days.

Types of Terrazzo Flooring

1. Portland Cement Terrazzo is a type of flooring using a Portland cement matrix
composed of marble or granite chips, Portland cement and water, to which
colour pigment may be added.
2. Other types of Terrazzo are available, e.g. epoxy matrix terrazzo polyacrylate
terrazzo and epoxy bonded.

Advantages
 Terrazzo flooring is very durable and dense. Hence it is quite suitable for
those spaces of your home, where you expect more usage and frequency.
 Terrazzo flooring is very long lasting.
 It is very easy to maintain and can be kept clean without the help of abrasive
cleaners.
 The source of materials for terrazzo flooring is completely natural; hence it
does not disturb environmental balance in any way. In fact, it is even
recyclable.

Disadvantages
 The surface of the terrazzo floor can get very slippery, and hence is unsafe for
children and the elderly.
 Due to the absence of any cushioning, it becomes very difficult to stand on the
terrazzo floor barefoot for long.
 Terrazzo flooring is also heavy on the pocket.
 The installation is to be made only by experienced professionals, unlike some
other forms of flooring, which even you could assemble together.