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Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
General Description Features
MAX1684/MAX1685
The MAX1684/MAX1685 are high-efficiency, internal- ♦ Up to 96% Efficiency
switch, pulse-width modulation (PWM) step-down switch-
ing regulators intended to power cellular phones, ♦ 1A Guaranteed Output Current
communicating PDAs, and handy-terminals. These ♦ 100% Duty Cycle in Dropout
devices deliver a guaranteed 1A output current from two
lithium-ion (Li+) batteries. Their wide-input voltage range ♦ 2.7V to 14V Input Range (15V Absolute Max)
of 2.7V to 14V gives design flexibility and allows batteries ♦ ±1% Accurate Reference Output
to charge from a wall cube, since the ICs operate at the
higher voltages that occur when the battery is removed. ♦ 0.24Ω P-Channel On-Resistance
The output voltage is preset to 3.3V or can be externally ♦ Synchronizable Switching Frequency
adjusted from 1.25V to VIN.
♦ Fixed-Frequency PWM Operation
The low on-resistance power switch and built-in synchro-
nous rectifier provide high efficiencies of up to 96%. 300kHz (MAX1684)
There are four modes of operation: fixed-frequency, nor- 600kHz (MAX1685)
mal, low-power, and shutdown. The fixed-frequency ♦ 150µA Normal-Mode Quiescent Current
PWM mode of operation offers excellent noise character-
istics. The normal mode maintains high efficiency at all ♦ 25µA Low-Power Mode Quiescent Current
loads. The low-power mode is used to conserve power in ♦ 2µA Shutdown Current
standby or when full load is not required. The shutdown
mode is used to power down the device for minimal cur- ♦ Dual Mode™ Fixed 3.3V (±1%) Output or
rent draw. Adjustable Output (1.25V to VIN)
The MAX1684 runs at 300kHz for applications that ♦ Small 16-QSOP Package
require highest efficiency. The MAX1685 runs at
♦ Auxiliary Output (CVL): 3V/5mA
600kHz to allow the use of smaller external compo-
nents. These devices can also be synchronized to an
external clock. Other features include a 100% duty Ordering Information
cycle for low-dropout applications, an auxiliary 3V/5mA PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
output, and a 1% accurate reference.
MAX1684EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
Both devices are available in a space-saving 16-QSOP MAX1685EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
package. An evaluation kit is also available to help
speed designs. For a similar device in a 10-pin µMAX
package with lower input voltage requirements (5.5V Typical Operating Circuit
max), refer to the MAX1692 data sheet.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX1684/MAX1685
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = V SHDN = 6V, STBY = SYNC/PWM = CVL, VBOOT = VOUT, FB = AGND, circuit of Figure 1, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise
noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX1684/MAX1685
(VIN = V SHDN = 6V, STBY = SYNC/PWM = CVL, VBOOT = VOUT, FB = AGND, circuit of Figure 1, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise
noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Quiescent Supply Current
STBY = low, VIN = 2.7V 230 430 µA
in Dropout
Shutdown Supply Current SHDN = low 2 6 µA
LX Leakage Current ILX VIN = 14V, VLX = 0 or 14V, SHDN = low 20 µA
MAX1684 260 300 340
Oscillator Frequency fOSC kHz
MAX1685 520 600 680
MAX1684 180 350
SYNC Capture Range kHz
MAX1685 360 700
Maximum Duty Cycle 100 %
Constant-Frequency Minimum MAX1684 10
(Note 3) %
Duty Cycle MAX1685 20
Reference Output Voltage VREF IREF = 0 1.238 1.251 1.264 V
Reference Load Regulation -1µA < IREF < 50µA 4 15 mV
Reference Supply Regulation 2.7V < VBOOT < 5.5V 0.2 5 mV
VIN = 3V to 14V, BOOT = AGND,
CVL Regulator Output Voltage 2.7 3.0 3.15 V
ICVL = 0 to 5mA
CVL Dropout Voltage BOOT = AGND, ICVL = 5mA 120 mV
CVL Undervoltage Lockout BOOT = AGND, CVL falling edge,
2.35 2.5 2.6 V
Threshold typical hysteresis is 40mV
CVH with Respect to VIN ICVH = -1mA -5.0 -4.6 -4.1 V
BOOT falling edge,
BOOT Switchover Threshold 2.35 2.5 2.65 V
typical hysteresis is 0.1V
Thermal Shutdown Threshold Typical hysteresis is +10°C (Note 4) 160 °C
ILIM/SS Source Current VILIM/SS = 1.4V 3.3 4 4.65 µA
Logic Input High Voltage VIH 2 V
SHDN, STBY, SYNC/PWM
Logic Input Low Voltage VIL 0.7 V
Logic Input Current SHDN, STBY, SYNC/PWM -1 1 µA
SYNC/PWM Pulse Width High or low period 500 ns
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAX1684/MAX1685
(VIN = V SHDN = 6V, STBY = SYNC/PWM = CVL, VBOOT = VOUT, FB = AGND, circuit of Figure 1, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless other-
wise noted.) (Note 5)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS
Input Voltage Range 2.7 14 V
Output Feedback Voltage VFB VFB = VOUT, ILOAD = 0 to 1A 1.233 1.269 V
Output Voltage (3.3V Mode) VOUT FB = AGND, ILOAD = 0 to 1A 3.280 3.382 V
Output Current Capability VIN = 6V to 14V 1 A
Output Adjust Range BOOT = AGND (Note 1) VREF VIN V
FB Input Current IFB VFB = 1.4V -50 50 nA
Current Limit in PWM Mode ILIM 1.2 2.3 A
Current Limit in Low-Power
ILIMLP STBY = low 285 475 mA
Mode
Normal mode, SYNC/PWM = low,
2
VBOOT = 3.3V (Note 2)
Quiescent Power Consumption mW
Low-power mode, STBY = low,
0.27
VBOOT = 3.3V (Note 2)
Shutdown Supply Current SHDN = low 6 µA
MAX1684 240 350
Oscillator Frequency fOSC kHz
MAX1685 480 700
Reference Output Voltage IREF = 0 1.232 1.268 V
VIN = 3V to 14V, BOOT = AGND,
CVL Regulator Output Voltage 2.7 3.15 V
ICVL = 0 to 5mA
CVL Undervoltage Lockout BOOT = AGND, CVL falling edge,
2.4 2.6 V
Threshold typical hysteresis is 40mV
CVH with Respect to VIN ICVH = -1mA -5.0 -4.1 V
BOOT Switchover Threshold BOOT falling edge, typical hysteresis is 0.1V 2.35 2.65 V
ILIM/SS Source Current VILIM/SS = 1.4V 3.1 4.7 µA
Logic Input High Voltage VIH 2
SHDN, STBY, SYNC/PWM V
Logic Input Low Voltage VIL 0.7
Note 1: The output adjust range with BOOT connected to VOUT is VREF to 5.5V. Connect BOOT to AGND for VOUT > 5.5V.
Note 2: The quiescent power-consumption specifications include chip supply and gate-drive loss only. Divide these values by VIN
(6V) to obtain quiescent currents. In normal and low-power modes, chip supply current dominates and quiescent power is
proportional to VBOOT (BOOT connected to OUT). In PWM mode, gate-drive loss dominates and quiescent power is propor-
tional to VIN ✕ (VIN - VCVH). In addition, IR losses in power switches and external components typically increase PWM quies-
cent power consumption by 5mW to 10mW. Note that if the device is not bootstrapped, additional power is dissipated in the
CVL linear regulator.
Note 3: When the duty factor (VOUT / VIN) is less than this value, the switching frequency decreases in PWM mode to maintain
regulation.
Note 4: Thermal shutdown is disabled in low-power mode (STBY = low) to reduce power consumption.
Note 5: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design, not production tested.
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
Typical Operating Characteristics
MAX1684/MAX1685
(Circuit of Figure 1, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX1684/85 toc02
MAX1684/85 toc03
90 A C 90
90
80 80 80
B D A C
70 A 70 70
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
D D
60 60 60 B
50 C E 50 50
40 B 40 40
A: VOUT = 2.5V LP MODE
30 F B: VOUT = 1.8V LP MODE 30 30
C: VOUT = 2.5V NORM MODE A: VIN = 4V LP MODE A: VIN = 4V
20 D: VOUT = 1.8V NORM MODE 20 B: VIN = 12V LP MODE 20 B: VIN = 5V
E: VOUT = 2.5V PWM MODE C: VIN = 4V NORMAL MODE C: VIN = 9V
10 10 10
F: VOUT = 1.8V PWM MODE D: VIN = 12V NORMAL MODE D: VIN = 12V
0 0 0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 1 10 100 1000 10,000
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
MAX1684 MAX1684 MAX1685
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
(VOUT = 5V) (VOUT = 5V, PWM MODE) (VOUT = 3.3V, PWM MODE)
100 100 100
MAX1684/85 toc06
MAX1684/85 toc04
MAX1684/85 toc05
D
B 90 90
90
A E VIN = 4V
80 80
80 E A
C
70 70
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
F
EFFICIENCY (%)
70 60 VIN = 5V
60
60 50 50
B 40
50 A: VIN = 6V LP MODE 40 C
VIN = 9V
B: VIN = 9V LP MODE 30 30
40 C: VIN = 12V LP MODE
D: VIN = 6V NORMAL MODE 20 A: VIN = 6V 20 VIN = 12V
30 E: VIN = 9V NORMAL MODE B: VIN = 9V
10 10
F: VIN = 12V NORMAL MODE C: VIN =12V
20 0 0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 1 10 100 1000 10,000 1 10 100 1000 10,000
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
C A B
90 A 90 90
80 80 80 E D
VIN = 6V C F
D 70 70
70 B VIN = 9V
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
60 60 60
50 50 50
40 40 40
A: VIN = 6V LP MODE
30 30 30 B: VIN = 9V LP MODE
A: VIN = 4V LP MODE C: VIN = 12V LP MODE
20 20 VIN =12V 20
B: VIN = 12V LP MODE D: VIN = 6V NORMAL MODE
10 C: VIN = 4V NORMAL MODE 10 10 E: VIN = 9V NORMAL MODE
D: VIN = 12V NORMAL MODE F: VIN =12V NORMAL MODE
0 0 0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 1 10 100 1000 10,000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
MAX1684/MAX1685
MAX1684/85 toc11
MAX1684/85 toc12
MAX1684/85 toc10
VOUT = 3.3V
1.7 1200
1.1 200
PWM OR NORMAL MODE INDUCTOR RESISTANCE INCLUDED
1.0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 200 400 600 800 1000
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
MAX1684
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE PWM FIXED-FREQUENCY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT = 3.3V, PWM MODE) OPERATION AREA
120 5.0 15
MAX1684/85 toc14
MAX1684/85 toc13
M AX1684/85 toc15
14
4.5
100 13 MAX1684
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
12
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4.0 MAX1685
80 11
NORMAL MODE
3.5 10
60 9
3.0
8
40 7
LOW-POWER MODE 2.5
6
20 2.0 2.7
4 6 8 10 12 14 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
ILOAD VOUT
500mA/div 20mV/div VLX
5V/div
VOUT
50mV/div
ILX ILX
100mA/div 100mA/div
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX1684/MAX1685
(Circuit of Figure 1, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
VIN VSHDN
5V/div 5V/div
0V
VOUT
IIN
100mV/div
50mA/div
2ms/div 10ms/div
MAX1684, ILOAD = 100mA, VIN = 5V TO 10V, MAX1684, ILOAD = 100mA, VOUT = 3.3V,
SYNC/PWM = 3.3V VIN = 5V, CILIM/SS = 0.1µF, SYNC/PWM = 3.3V
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1 CVH High-Side MOSFET Gate Bias. Bias voltage for P-channel switch. Bypass to IN with a 0.1µF capacitor.
Analog Supply Voltage Input. Connect to IN with a 0.2in metal trace. Bypass to PGND with a 0.1µF
2 AIN
capacitor.
3 IN Supply Voltage Input
Logic Supply Voltage Output and IC Logic Supply. Sources 5mA for external loads. Bypass to AGND
4 CVL
with 1µF capacitor.
5 AGND Analog Ground
Reference Output. 1.25V reference output supplies 10µA for external loads. Bypass to AGND with 0.1µF
6 REF
capacitor.
Dual-Mode Feedback Input. Connect FB to VOUT for 1.25V output. Connect to an external resistor divider
7 FB
to adjust the output voltage. Connect to AGND to set output voltage to 3.3V.
8 CC Integrator Capacitor Connection. Connect a 0.01µF capacitor to AGND.
SYNC/PWM Input:
For synchronized-PWM operation, drive with TTL level, 50% square wave.
9 SYNC/PWM
Connect to CVL for PWM mode.
Connect to AGND for normal mode.
10 ILIM/SS Current-Limit Adjust/Soft-Start Input. See the Current Limit and Soft-Start section.
Standby Control Input. Connect to CVL for normal operation. Connect to AGND for low-power mode
11 STBY
(Table 1). This pin overrides SYNC/PWM setting.
Bootstrap Input. Connection for the bootstrap switch and internal feedback path. Connect BOOT to VOUT
12 BOOT
for VOUT < 5.5V. Connect BOOT to AGND for VOUT > 5.5V.
13, 14 LX Inductor Connection. Drain for internal P-channel MOSFETs. Connect inductor from LX to OUT.
15 SHDN Active-Low Shutdown Input. Connect to ground for shutdown. SHDN can withstand the input voltage.
16 PGND Power Ground
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
synchronization to an external clock. The
MAX1684/MAX1685
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
MAX1684/MAX1685
ILIM/SS
CVL
IN MAX1684
4µA
MAX1685
AIN CVH
VH
CVL
PFM ILIM
CURRENT COMPARATOR
REF
REF COMPARATOR
LX
CONTROL
UNDERVOLTAGE AND
COMPARATOR DRIVER
2.5V LOGIC
PWM
COMPARATOR
OSC
SYNC/PWM
SYNC
AND SLOPE COMPENSATION PGND
STANDBY ZERO-CROSSING
CONTROL PWM MODE
COMPARATOR
NORMAL MODE
STBY
LOW-POWER MODE
CVL
2.5V
CC
PFM
COMPARATOR BOOT
GM
INTEGRATOR
FB
0.125V
AGND
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
inductor peak current during the first half of each cycle, For higher VIN at no load, the frequency decreases
MAX1684/MAX1685
based on the output error voltage. The MAX1684/ based on the following equation:
MAX1685s’ loop gain is relatively low to enable the use f = VOUT / (VIN × 290ns)
of a small, low-value output filter capacitor. The 1.4%
transient load regulation from 0 to 1A is compensated At medium- to full-load current (>100mA), V IN can
by an integrator circuit that lowers DC load regulation increase slightly higher before the frequency decreas-
to 0.01% typical. Slope compensation accounts for the es.
inductor-current waveform’s down slope during the Synchronous Rectification
second half of each cycle, and eliminates the inductor- Although the primary rectifier is an external Schottky
current staircasing characteristic of current-mode con- diode, a small internal N-channel synchronous rectifier
trollers at high duty cycles. allows PWM operation at light loads. During the second
PFM Control half of each cycle, when the inductor current ramps
In low-power mode, the MAX1684/MAX1685 switch below the zero-crossing threshold or when the oscilla-
only as needed to service the load. This reduces the tor period ends, the synchronous rectifier turns off. This
switching frequency and associated losses in the keeps excess current from flowing backward through
P-channel switch, the synchronous rectifier, and the the inductor. Choose an appropriate inductor to limit
external inductor. During this PFM operation, a switch- the PWM ripple current through the N-channel FET to
ing cycle initiates when the PFM comparator senses 400mAP-P.
that the output voltage has dropped too low. The Current Limit and Soft-Start
P-channel MOSFET switch turns on and conducts cur- The voltage at ILIM/SS sets the PWM current limit
rent to the output-filter capacitor and load. The (ILIM = 1.75A) and the low-power current limit (ILIMLP =
MAX1684/MAX1685 then wait until the PFM comparator 380mA). The PWM current limit applies when the
senses a low-output voltage again. device is in PWM mode, in synchronized PWM mode,
In normal mode at light load (<150mA), the device also or delivering a heavy load in normal mode (Table 1).
operates in PFM. The PFM current comparator controls The ILIMLP limit applies when the device is in low-power
both entry into PWM mode and the peak switch current mode. An internal 4µA current source pulls ILIM/SS up
during PFM operation. Consequently, some jitter is nor- to CVL. To use the maximum current-limit thresholds,
mal during transition from PFM to PWM with loads leave ILIM/SS unconnected or connect it to a soft-start
around 150mA, and it has no adverse impact on regu- capacitor. Connect an external resistor from ILIM/SS to
lation. AGND to adjust the current-limit thresholds.
100% Duty-Cycle Operation The PWM current-limit threshold is (ILIM ✕ RILIM/SS ✕
As the input voltage drops, the duty cycle increases 4µA) / VREF and is adjustable from 0.5A to 1.75A.
until the P-channel MOSFET turns on continuously, The low-power current-limit threshold is equal to (ILIMLP
achieving 100% duty cycle. Dropout voltage in 100% ✕ RILIM/SS ✕ 4µA) / VREF and is adjustable from 110mA
duty cycle is the output current multiplied by the on- to 380mA.
resistance of the internal switch and inductor, approxi- For example, when RILIM/SS is 156kΩ, the PWM current
mately 0.35V (IOUT = 1A). limit threshold is 0.88A and the low-power current limit
Very Low Duty-Cycle Operation threshold is 0.19A.
Because of the P-channel minimum on-time and dead- Connect a low-value capacitor from ILIM/SS to AGND
time (duration when both switches are off), the to achieve soft-start, limiting inrush current. ILIM/SS
MAX1684/MAX1685s’ switching frequency must internally shorts to AGND in shutdown to discharge the
decrease in PWM or normal mode to maintain regula- soft-start capacitor. Do not connect ILIM/SS to REF or
tion at a very low duty cycle. The total P-channel on- CVL. Determine the soft-start duration by:
time and dead-time is 290ns typical. As a result, the tSOFT-START = CILIM/SS(1.25V / 4µA)
MAX1684/MAX1685 maintain fixed-frequency regula-
tion at no load for V IN up to 10V OUT and 5V OUT , where tSOFT-START is the time from SHDN going high to
respectively (see PWM Fixed-Frequency Operation the regulator being able to supply full load current. For
Area graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics). example, a 0.1µF capacitor yields 31ms of soft-start.
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
The output current capability for each mode is deter-
MAX1684/MAX1685
mined by the following equations: VOUT
IOUTMAX = ILIM - 0.5 ✕ IRIPPLE (for PWM and normal
modes)
R1 C1
IOUTMAX = 0.5 ✕ ILIMLP (for low-power mode) MAX1684
where: MAX1685
FB
IRIPPLE = ripple current = (VIN - VOUT) ✕ VOUT / (VIN ✕
fOSC ✕ L) R2
ILIM = current limit in PWM mode
ILIMLP = current limit in low-power mode
Internal Low-Voltage Regulators and Figure 3. Setting Output Voltage
Bootstrap (BOOT)
The MAX1684/MAX1685 have two internal regulators
(VH and VL) that generate low-voltage supplies for Connect a small capacitor across R1 to compensate for
internal circuitry (see the Functional Diagram). The VH stray capacitance at the FB pin:
regulator generates -4.6V with respect to IN to supply
the P-channel switch and driver. Bypass CVH to IN with 5 (10−7)
C1 =
a 0.1µF capacitor. The VL regulator generates a 3V out- R2
put at CVL to supply internal low-voltage blocks, as well
as the N-channel switch and driver. Bypass CVL to where: R2 = 100kΩ, use 4.7pF.
AGND with a 1µF capacitor.
To reduce the quiescent current in low-power and nor- Inductor Selection
mal modes, connect BOOT to OUT. After startup, when The MAX1684/MAX1685s’ high switching frequency
VBOOT exceeds 2.6V, the internal bootstrap switch con- allows the use of small surface-mount inductors. Table 2
nects CVL to BOOT. This bootstrap mechanism causes shows a selection of suitable inductors for different out-
the internal circuitry to be supplied from the output and put voltage ranges. Calculate the minimum inductor by:
thereby reduces the input quiescent current by a factor L = 0.9(VOUT - 0.3V) / (IRIPPLE MAX × fOSC)
of VOUT / VIN. Do not connect BOOT to OUT if the out- where:
put voltage exceeds 5.5V. Instead, connect BOOT to
AGND to keep CVL regulated at 3V. IRIPPLE MAX = should be less than or equal to 400mA
CVL has a 5mA capability to supply external logic cir- fOSC = 300kHz (MAX1684) or 600kHz (MAX1685)
cuitry and is disabled in shutdown mode. Capacitor Selection
Applications Information Select input and output filter capacitors to service
inductor currents while minimizing voltage ripple. The
Output Voltage Selection input filter capacitor reduces peak currents and noise
Connect FB to AGND to select the internal 3.3V output at the voltage source. The MAX1684/MAX1685s’ loop
mode. Connect BOOT to OUT in this configuration. gain is relatively low to enable the use of small, low-
To select an output voltage between 1.25V and VIN, value output filter capacitors. Higher capacitor values
connect FB to a resistor voltage-divider between the provide improved output ripple and transient response.
output and AGND (Figure 3). Select R2 in the 20kΩ to Low-ESR capacitors are recommended. Capacitor ESR
100kΩ range. Calculate R1 as follows: is a major contributor to output ripple (usually more
R1 = R2 [( VOUT / VFB) - 1] than 60%). Avoid ordinary aluminum electrolytic capac-
itors, as they typically have high ESR. Low-ESR alu-
where VFB = 1.25V. minum electrolytic capacitors are acceptable and
relatively inexpensive. Low-ESR tantalum capacitors
are better and provide a compact solution for space-
constrained surface-mount designs. Do not exceed the
ripple-current ratings of tantalum capacitors. Ceramic
capacitors offer the lowest ESR overall. Sanyo OS-CON
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
capacitors have the lowest ESR of the high-value elec- where I OUT MAX = 1A, AC Load Reg ≅ 1.4%, and
MAX1684/MAX1685
trolytic types. Use ceramic and OS-CON capacitors for fOSC = 300kHz (MAX1684) or 600kHz (MAX1685).
very compact, high-reliability, or wide-temperature
applications, where expense is justified. When using Output Diode Selection
very low ESR capacitors, such as ceramic or OS-CON, Use a 1A external Schottky diode (MBRS130LT3 or
check for stability while examining load-transient equivalent) for the output rectifier to pass inductor cur-
response, and increase the output compensation rent during the start of the second half of each cycle.
capacitor if needed. Table 3 lists suppliers for the vari- This diode operates before the internal N-channel
ous components used with the MAX1684/MAX1685. MOSFET completely turns on and during high-current
operation. Use a Schottky diode to avoid forward bias-
Ensure that the minimum capacitance value and maxi- ing the internal body diode of the N-channel MOSFET.
mum ESR values are met:
COUT > IOUT MAX / (VOUT ✕ AC Load Reg ✕ fOSC)
RESR < 2 ✕ AC Load Reg ✕ VOUT/IOUT MAX
2.7 to 4 22 100 10 47
4 to 6 47 68 22 33
6 to 14 68 47 33 22
DIODES
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
Inverting Output Pin Configuration
MAX1684/MAX1685
Interchanging the ground and VOUT connections yields
a negative voltage supply (Figure 4). The component
selections are the same as for a positive voltage con-
verter. The absolute maximum ratings limit the output TOP VIEW
voltage range to -1.25V to -5.5V and the maximum CVH 1 16 PGND
input voltage range to 14V - VOUT. AIN 2 15 SHDN
PC Board Layout IN 3 14 LX
High switching frequencies and large peak currents CVL 4 MAX1684 13 LX
make PC board layout a very important part of design. MAX1685
AGND 5 12 BOOT
Poor design can result in excessive EMI on the feed-
back paths and voltage gradients in the ground plane, REF 6 11 STBY
both of which result in instability or regulation errors. FB 7 10 ILIM/SS
Power components such as the MAX1684/MAX1685
inductor, input filter capacitor, and output filter capacitor CC 8 9 SYNC/PWM
should be placed as close together as possible, and
their traces kept short, direct, and wide, Connect their QSOP
ground nodes in a star-ground configuration. Keep the
extra copper on the board and integrate into ground as
a pseudo-ground plane.
Chip Information
When using external feedback, the feedback network
should be close to FB, within 0.2 inch (5mm), and the TRANSISTOR COUNT: 2061
output voltage feedback should be tapped as close to
the output capacitor as possible. Keep noisy traces,
such as those from LX, away from the voltage feedback
network. Separate the noisy traces by grounded cop-
per. Place the small bypass capacitors within 0.2 inch
(5mm) of their respective inputs. The MAX1684 evalua-
tion kit manual illustrates an example PC board layout,
routing, and pseudo-ground plane.
Connect AIN to IN with a short (0.2 inch) metal trace or a
1Ω resistor and bypass AIN to PGND with a 0.1µF capac-
itor. This acts as a lowpass filter to reduce noise at AIN.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Low-Noise, 14V Input, 1A, PWM
Step-Down Converters
MAX1684/MAX1685
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
QSOP.EPS
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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