Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

The use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of

social studies in secondary schools today is not new. What is new

is the technological equipment that have been introduced recently

into the teaching and learning process. With the evolving

technology and the new communication media, efforts are on the

increase in the application of instructional aides to learning; a

development that has proven to be beneficial to learners.

Many teachers are not knowledgeable or find it difficult to use

instructional materials when teaching because of lack of training

on its application for effective use and dissemination of

knowledge. Some teachers do not see the instructional materials

for use. Hence, teachers are faced with the problem of talking

about instructional materials without making bold attempts.

It is virtually important that teachers keep in mind the purpose

for which instructional materials are used. The characteristics

and special need for pupils to be taught by them and the bases for

selecting the materials most likely use to help learners achieve

the objective of their study. For example, teachers must know when

to use a film to clarify important concepts rather than explaining

it in a text book. When to use discussion alone, when to embark on

a field trip with the showing and discussion of a related film

strip, when to assign outside viewing of television programme of

self-study of a programmed filmstrip or when to have the class

produce diagrams or flannel boards illustrations as part of

summarizing oral report on one aspect of class work.

The modern method of teaching is known as formal process.

Therefore, whether in a formal or informal situation, knowledge is

easily assimilated.

This study attempts to find out how well equipped the teacher are

to impact knowledge to their students, taking cognizance of

information made available from both the electronic and print

media.

Statement of the Problem

Instructional Material’s are bought into play along the

line to enhance educational achievement whenever they are properly
used. However, nowadays the problem of teachers and students
encounter in our educational system include inadequate teaching
and learning materials. Thus, to determine the use of the
Instructional Materials the following questions are made:

1. What is the Academic Performance of SPA Dance before the

Experimentation?
2. What is the Academic Performance of SPA Dance After the
Experimentation?
 3. Is there a significant difference between the use of
Electronic Instructional Materials and the Traditional
Instructional Materials in the Academic Performance of SPA
Dance Students?

Significance of the study

The result of the study will be great benefit to the

following:

To the Students:

To the Community:

To the Teacher’s:

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on skills and performance of students in

Tupi National High School SY:2019-2020. In this research the

respondents will be 30 students of Special Program in the Arts

Dance Major. It pertains about Instructional Material using by

teachers.

Definition of Terms:

Instructional Aids- This can be used interchangeably as

instructional materials. They are aids used by the teacher in

classroom to supplement the transmission of knowledge with a view

to emphasizing clarification of instructions.

Audio-Aids: This are instructional materials that apply only to

the sense of hearing e.g. radio, cassette recorder.

Visual Aids: This are instructional materials that apply only to

the sense of sight e.g. film, chart.

Audio-Visual Aids: This is a term derived out of audio and visual,

to indicate a variety of communication materials used to send out

message, ideas and experiences through the active participation of

sense organs of both sight and hearing e.g. television, video

tapes.

Secondary Schools: This refers to the formal academic programmers

meant for children who have completed their primary school course

and are between the age of eleven to seventeen years and above.
Academic Performance: This refers to the level of grade or scores

that a student obtains in class test or internal and external

examination after due process of evaluation.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the studies about Electronic Media.

According to (Sarah Chinwendo Agbamuche,2015)

Electronic Media as a tool has created new options for extending

and enhancing education. However, as the number of technologies

of e-media in society increase rapidly, so does the rate of

misuse. Even the most experienced members may be susceptible to

unintentional mistakes. Maintaining professional, boundaries in

all forms of communication, technology-related or not is vital

to maintaining the public trust and appropriate professional

relationship with students. Members must be aware of the

numerous challenges and the ramifications associated with the

use of Electronic Media. Electronic Media is now used formally

in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions is therefore the

key to ensure continuity and teachers trained on its usage as

well as students. Informally, radio and television stations in

Nigeria should develop more time to educational programmers. The

internet on the other hand should developed more time to

educational interaction. Amora students, teachers, media

practitioners and producers in the society.

According to (Sunny Press,2015)

Critical issues in electronic media is an interdisciplinary

source book that offers new critical perspectives directly

related to, or arising from, the practice of Electronic Media

Art. It sketches the changing topology of culture as it enters

electronic space and specifically addresses questions of art

practice in that space. Some of the contributions focus on the

dynamics of specific emerging media such as interactive media,

while others look at the cultural conditions formed by, and

forming around, New technological complexes, still others

examine contemporary techno cultural manifestations against a

background of social and technological history. The

contributions are professional fields such as computer graphics,

video, sound, drama and visual art as well as media, cultural

and literacy theory, and the social sciences. Together, these

essays provide a rich survey of contemporary technological

critique and offer a perspective on creative practice in

technological media.

According to (Shorkey and Vebel,2014)

Since the Mid-20th Century, instructional technologies and

educational media in social work education have undergone

significant development with goals of improving growth has been

marked by technical advances in hardware and by innovations in

media, or so called soft formats current distance education and

web-based instructional programs allow for the enrichment of

onsite instructional activities as well as open possibilities

for the ever-expanding outreach of social work, educational

programs, the article describes the evolution programs, the

article describes of instructional technology and media in

social work and reviews the historical contributions of 8

pioneering schools.

According to (Soldavini and Manroe,2014)

A method for the electronic publication and distribution of

customized educational materials comprises and educator

compiling asset of customized educational course materials from

selected segments of educational work stored in an educational

materials database of available materials(150-180), and indexing

the set of customized educational cores materials in an

electronic database where it is available for purchase in an

electronic format by students(270-277), copyright infringement

is discouraged by providing the educator option of electronic

testing and grading of only those students that have purchased

the educational hence, only such students are eligible to

receive a grade in the class(265-280) the customized course

materials an easily updated without the publisher incurving

traditional printing and distribution costs, simultaneously

reducing the time to market for new editions of educational

materials.

According to (Silvio Gaggi,2015)

It is a tent of postmodern writing. That the subject-the-self-is

unstable, fragmented and decentered. One useful way to examine

this principle is to look at how the subject has been treated in

various media in the premodern, modern, and postmodern eras.

Silvio Gaggi pursues this strategy in from text to hypertext,

analyzing the issue of subject construction and deconstruction

in selected examples of visual art, literature, film, and

electronic media.
 CHAPTER III

Methodology

This Chapters shows the methodology of the study. It includes

research design, method, purposive sampling, data gathering

procedure and research locale.

Research Design

Method

Sampling Technique

Data Gathering Procedure

Research Locale