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ñisisms ksidka lïyf,a hQtaví,sõ ^jD;a;sh iñ;sfha& wka; mrdch
UAW debacle at Mississippi Nissan plant
2017 wf.daia;= 7
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khsgâ Tfgda jZl¾ia jD;a;Sh iñ;sh ^hQtaví,sõ&
wdikak;u jYfhka ,;a wka;mrdch jQfha ñisisms
m%dka;fha lekagka ys ksidka jevìfï lïlrejka ishhg
63 g ishhg 37 Pkaohlska fiajlhkaf.a flaj,aldr
ksfhdað;hd f,i ms,s.ekSu ,nd.ekSug hQtaví,sõ
W;aiqlh m%;slafIam lsÍuh' fuh jkdyS" 2014 jif¾
fgkiS m%dka;fha pegkQ.d ys fjdlaia je.ka iud.u iy
iañ¾kd ys ksidka iud.u we;=¨j weußldfõ ol=kqÈ.
tl÷ m%uqL fudag¾ r: iud.ul§o" 1998 jif¾§;a kej;
2001§;a fgkiS jevìfï§o ms,s.ekSu Èkd.; fkdyels
ùu we;=¨ fï yd iudk mrdchka ud,dfõ uE;ld,Sk
tlla muks'
l¾udka;Yd,d jid oeóï" /lshd ke;sNx. lsÍï iy
jegqma iy m%;s,dN flaj,a lsÍï j,§ jir y;rlg
wdikak ld,hla mqrdjg hQtaví,sõ fudag¾r: iud.ï
iu. udÜgq ù we;s whqre oelSfuka lïlrefjda wksjd¾h
ks.uk Wlydf.k we;a;dy' hQtaví,sõ thska msg;
lïlrejkaf.a mukla fkdj tys idudðl lïlrejkaf.
ao ms,sl=,g Ndckh ù we;' ;uka úiska ksfhdackh lrkq
,eìh hq;= lïlrejka f.a reêrh Wrd fndk ¥Is;"
olaIskdxYsl ks,OdÍ l,a,shlg ;ukaf.a udisl jegqfmka
meh fol yudrl jegqm idudðl uqo,a f,i ,nd§fï
lsis÷ fya;=jla ksidka lïlrefjda fkdols;s'
lïlrejkaf.a mka;s iyfhda.S;djh fjkqfjka b,a,Sula
lsÍfuys wfmdfydi;a hQtaví,sõ iy n¾ks iekav¾ia iy
úúO äfudl%ála mlaI foaYmd,k{hska" l¨ weußldkq
mqcljre iy fyd,sjqâ rx.k ;drldjka we;=¨ tys
wOdrlrefjda jd¾.sl mokï u; ñisisms Pkaoh mdúÉÑ
lf,a hQtaví,sõ ch.%ykh l¾udka; Yd,dfõ úYd,
m%udkhla jk l¨ weußldkq Y%u n,ldfha —isú,a whs;Ska˜
by,oukq we;ehs lshñks'
lïlrejka th ms,s.;af;a ke;=jd fukau Bg ksis fya;=o
we;' hQtaví,sõ lsis÷ nrm;, wr.,hl fh§ ke;' th
ish meje;afï mYaÑu Nd.h .;lf,a jevj¾ck uev,Sug
iy weußldj ysñldß;ajh ork fhdaO fudag¾ r:
ksIamdolhskaf.a ,dN iy ;rÕldÍ;ajh by, kexùug
jevlsÍugh' l,lg by; th lïlre-l,ukdldr
—yjq,aldß;ajh˜ kï fldamf¾Üjd§ yevyqrej je,|
.ekSu i|yd weußldkq Okjdoh fj; ish cd;sljd§
iyfhda.h È.=lf,ah' hQtaví,sõ úiska ksl=;al, à-I¾Ü
j, —ksidka fj; ys;e;s" jD;a;Sh iñ;shg ys;e;s ^Pro-
Nissan, Pro Union&˜ hkqfjka uqøs; jelsh ;=, tu lrek
iïmskavkh flreks'
hQtaví,sõ iud.u ta;a;=.ekaùug W;aidy lf,a tys
fiajdjka mfil,kjdg jvd Wmfhda.s lr.ekSfuka
by, ,dN Wmoaokq we;s njhs' 2014 § fjdlaiaje.ka ys
pegkQ.d jevìfï Pkaohg fmr hQtaví,sõ w;aika l,
—uOHia: .súiqfï˜ w¾:h jQfha jD;a;Sh iñ;sh lemúh
hq;af;a fjdlaiaje.ka iud.u tys ;rÕlrejka mrhd
N=la;s ú¢ —msßjeh jdis iy wfkl=;a ;rÕldÍ jdis
mj;ajdf.k hdug iy yels wjia:dj,§ tu jdis mqÆ,a
lsÍu˜ gh hkakhs' m%dfhda.slj fuys w¾:h fjdlaiaje.ka
lïlrejkaf.a jegqma lemSuls'
fjdlaiaje.ka iud.u hQtaví,sõjg msgqn,h ÿka kuq;a
th Pkaoh mrdch úh' Y%u n,ldh iQrdlEu i|yd
w;rueÈfhl=g f.ùula lsÍfuka ksidka iud.ug m,la
jQfha ke;'
ksidka ys Pkaofhka blaì;s hQtaví,sõ iNdm;s fvksia
ú,shïia mrdch iïnkaOfhka ßmí,slka wdkavqldr
ms,a n%hkaÜ iy wfkl=;a foaYmd,k{hskag nekjeÿfka
—Tjqka ;ukaf.a u Y%u n,ldhg tfrysj ;shqkq ìhjeoa§ï"
wi;H f;dr;=re iy ;¾ckhkaf.ka iukaú; úIl=re
Woaf>daIkhla f.k.sh˜ njg wj,do k.ñks'
fïjd wd;aud¾:ldó m%,dmhkah' hQtaví,sõ mrdch
jQfha jD;a;Sh iñ;s úfrdaë l,yhla ksid fkdj tys
l=kqjQ" iud.ug .e;s jd¾;dj ksidh' iud.fï uerhskaf.a
iy T;a;=lrejkaf.a ksrka;r m%pkav;ajhg uqyqkfoñka"
hQtaví,sõ iy ld¾ñl ixúOdk iïfï,kh ^iSwhs´&
1930 .kka j,È f.dvke.+ iudcjd§kag iy jdudxYsl
igkaldókag ryis.;j l%shd;aul jkakg n, flrekq nj
w;S;hg wh;a lrekls'
hQtaví,sõ f.dvke.=fõ tjlg f,dj úYd,;u
ix.;h jQ fckrd,a fudag¾ia iud.ug tfrys Tfgda
,hsÜ j¾ckh iy *a,skaÜ jdä,d.ekSu we;=,;a fhdaO
mka;s igkaj,§h' lïlrefjda iud.u b,a¨ iekska
;ykï ksfhda. ksl=;a l, keIk,a .d¾â fyj;a fmd,Sish
iy úksiqrejrekag wjk; fkdjQy' 1937 iy 1938 §
idudðlhka 35"000 isg 350"000 olajd hQtaví,sõ iS>%
j¾Okh 1917 Tlaf;dan¾ úma,jfha ch.%ykfhka wdfõY
.ekajqkq lïlrejka úiska uq,§ kdhl;ajh ÿka uyd
ld¾ñl wr., /,a,la iu. iumd; úh'
 hQtaví,sõ oYl .kkl mßydksh iy ix.;
l,ukdldß;ajfha iDcq Wmlrkh njg m;aùfï
uQ,h mej;=fka fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miq l%shd;aul
jQ iudcjdo úfrdaë ovhfï iy jD;a;Sh iñ;s w;=.d
oeóu ;=,h' fuu moku u; hQtaví,sõ iy ta fudfydf;a
msysgjQ ld¾ñl jD;a;Sh iñ;s OfkaYajr .e;s iy
wêrdcH.e;s ixúOdk f,i taldnoaO fjñka äfudl%ála
mlaIh yd iïnkaO jQfha lïlre mka;sfha iajdëk
jevms,sfj, m%;slafIam lrñks'
hQtaví,sõ iNdm;s fjda,ag¾ rE;¾ 1947 hQtaví,sõ
ld¾hukav, idudðlhka 100lg jvd msguka l, w;r
wks;a whg m%;s fldñhqksiaÜjd§ mdlaIsl m%;s{d w;aika
lsÍug n,flßk' miqj tla úreoaOjdÈfhl=g lshkakg
isÿjQfha —th ye¢kaúh hq;af;a ueld;sjdoh hk kñka
fkdj rE;¾jdoh hk kñka njhs'˜
1970 w.Nd.fha§ f,dal wd¾Ólfha weußldkq
wdêm;Hh iy idfmalaI mka;s iu:h wjidkhlg
meñksfhah' weußldkq md,l mka;sh" tys hqfrdamdkq
iy wdishdkq m%;su,a,jhkaf.a j¾Okh jk wNsfhda.
hg uqyqk foñka mka;s hqoaOfha m%;sm;a;sh lrd t,Uqks'
fuh by, fmd,s wkqmd;slj, Woõfjka ys;du;du
ú/lshdj lrd Odjkh jQ ðñ ldg¾f.a äfudl%ála
wdkavqj hgf;a l%shdjg oeuqkq w;r jevìï jidoeóï
yd jegqma lmamdÿ /,a,la wka;¾.; lr.;a 1980
§ l%hsia,¾ m,uq jrg nxfldf,d;a ùfuka uqod.ekSu
l%shdjg oeïfïh' ßmí,slka ckdêm;s frdk,aâ Í.ka
fuu m%;sm;a;s mq¨,a lf,a 1981 § j¾ckfha ksr;j isá
.=jka fufyhqï md,lhka 11"000la /lshdfjka fodÜg
oud oYl .kkla wdkavqjg iyfhda.h ÿka jD;a;Sh
iñ;shlg uq,mqrñks'
cd;sljdoh iy Okm;s l%uh wdrlaId lsÍu u; mokï
jQ hQtaví,sõ iy wfkl=;a jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g f,dalh
mqrd ,dN Y%u l,dmhka fj; ksIamdokh udrelr heùug
Okm;shka úiska fh§.kakd ksIamdokfha N+f.da,Slrkhg
m%.;sYS,s ms,s;=rla ;snqfka ke;' fvfg%dhsÜ k.rh mdol
lr.;a fhdaO fudag¾ r: ksIamdolhskaf.a cd;Hka;r
;rÕldÍ;ajh by, kexùfï kdufhka iud.u yd
wkavqj taldnoaOj t,a, l, m%ydrhg tfrys fudkhï
fyda úfrdaOhla w;yer oud" 1983 § fldafm¾Üjdoh ish
ks,jYfhka ms,s.;a oyu f,i iïu; lrf.k" weußldkq
lïlrejkag t,a,l, m%ydrhg tfrysj fudag¾ r:
iud.ï f,dlalkag fkdj" cmdk iy wfkl=;a úfoaY
lïlrejkag fodaIdfrdamkh lsÍug hQtaví,sõ wYa,S,
cd;sljd§ Woaf>daIkhla f.k.sfhah'
l,ukdldÍ;ajfha wd{d l%shdjg oeóug l%shdldÍ
iylrefjl= njg m;aùug ikaf;daiï jYfhka fudag¾
r: úOdhlfhda hQtaví,sõ ks,Orh úiska md,kh flfrk
taldnoaO —mqyqk˜q jevigyka j,g iy wfkl=;a lïlre-
l,ukdlrk fhdackd l%u j,g ì,shk .kkska uqo,a
fmdïm l,y' iduðl .dia;= f.jk iduðlhkaf.a moku
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.s,sfyñka hk Tjqkag uqo,a m%jdyfhka iajdëk w¨;a
wodhï ud¾.hla oeka we;' iud.fuka f.ùï flfrk
jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g tfrys 1930 lrd Èfjk ffk;sl
;yxÑ wia lr .ekSug 1978 lïlre l,ukdlrk
ifyhda.S mk; f.k taaug fldka.%ihg isÿ úh'
2009 iy 2014 w;r úlskSfï fldka;%d;a;+ iud.u
iu. l;dlr.ekSfï § *shÜ l%hsia,¾ úOdhlhskaf.
ka ñ,shk 1'2lg jvd w,a,ia ,nd.;a njg rcfha
kS;s{hka úiska i|yka flfrk hQtaví,sõ ysgmq Wm
iNdm;s fckr,a fyd,s*S,aâ wE÷kq ÿIk fida,sh ñisismsys
hQtaví,sõ mrdchg jeo.;au jQ idOlh jQfhah' f.ùï
hjk ,oafoa hQtaví,sõ-l%hsia,¾ cd;sl mqyqkq flakaøh
yrydh' fuh tla —krl pß;hla˜ ms,sn| ldrkdjla
fkdjk w;r miq.sh i;sfha hQtaví,sõ iNdm;s ú,shïia
mejiQ mßÈ jD;a;Sh iñ;s" iud.ï iy wdkavqj w;r
iïnkaO;djfha wka;¾.;h fuhhs'
1960 .kkaj, iy 70 .kkaj, ta jkúgo lïlrejka
oi ñ,shk .kkska mlaImd;s;ajh oelajQ jD;a;Sh iñ;s
iu. iïnkaOhla ;sfnkakg ke;s fuu uOHu mka;sl
iy jHcjdu lkavdhï ;ukau lïlre fmd,sia n,ldhla
njg mßj¾;kh fjoa§ fuu ixúOdkj, by,u
ysff;Isjka; wdrlaIlhska njg m;aù ;sfí' cd;Hka;r
iudcjd§ ix.uh iy weußldkq äfudl%ála iudcjd§ka
we;=¨ fï ish¨ fndre —jdu˜ ixúOdk wo n,lrkqfha
lïlrejka jD;a;Sh iñ;s Wmlrkfha olaIskdxYsl"
lïlre mka;s úfrdaë wêldrhg ok kuk f,ihs'
l¾udka;Yd,dj, ld¾ñl wd{dodhl;ajhg iy
jegqma" fi!LH m%;s,dN iy úY%du fld,a,hg tfrys
igk jD;a;Sh iñ;s yryd bÈßhg fkdhkjd fukau Bg
yelshdjlao ke;s kuq;a Tjqkaf.a md,kfhka ñ§u yryd
mukla th bgqjkq we;' iudcjd§ iudk;d mlaIh
le|jqï lrkqfha lïlre mka;sfha wjYH;d iy Okm;s
iqrdlkakkaf.a iy Tjqkaf.a foaYmd,k ksfhdað;hkaf.a
wjYH;d w;r ixis÷úh fkdyels >Ügkh y÷kd.
ekSu u; mokïj m%cd;ka;%jd§j f;dard.;a iy fmdÿ
lïlrejka úiska md,kh flfrk lïy,a lñgq msysgqjk
f,ihs'
hQtaví,sõ úiska isÿl, oYl .kkl mdjd§u meyeÈ,s
lrkqfha m%;sfldñhqksiaÜ jdoh iy cd;sljdoh u;
mokïj lïlre jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sfï fkdyelshdjhs'
wiudk;djhg" oßø;d jegqma iy hqoaOhg tfrysj
bÈßfha§ t,fUk uyck wr.,j,g uÕ fmkaùug kj
uQf,damdhla wjYH flÍ we;' fuys w¾:h Okm;s mlaI
foflkau ì£ fjkaùu iy iqmsß fmdfydi;=kaf.a ,dN
;kaydj fkdj" jevlrk ck;djf.a wjYH;d imsfrk
wd¾Ól Ôú;fha iudcjd§ m%;sikaúOdkh iy ishÆ
lïlrejkaf.a cd;Hka;r tluq;=j i|yd igk u;
mokïj lïlre mka;sfha uyck foaYmd,k jHdmdrh
f.dvke.Suhs'
fcÍ jhsÜ