8.

Constructivist

From the word construct

The teacher in this approach believes that students learn by building up their prior knowledge (Schema)

Schema contradicts the tubula rasa of John Locke that claims that students’ minds are in blank slate

Students learn when you connect lessons to their prior knowledge (assimilation and accommodation of
Piaget)

Students are the one who construct knowledge and meaning for themselves with the teacher’s
scaffolding

9. Inquiry-based

The core of learning process is to elicit student-generated questions

When students begin formulating questions, risking answers, probing for relationship, making their own
discoveries, reflecting on their findings, acting as researchers and writer of research reports.

10. Reflective

Reflective approach is when the teacher is making the students reflect on what they learned and how to
improve their learning process

Reflective teaching as a teacher, is thinking over your teaching practice. It is a process of self-
observation and self-evaluation.

11. Collaborative

Involves group of students or teachers and students working together to learn by solving a problem,
completing a task or creating a product.

May also include team teaching (teacher teaching in collaboration with other teachers)

12. Integrative

Can be intradisciplinary, interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary

Intradisciplinary – when the integration is within one discipline. When teachers integrate the
subdisciplines within a subject area. Within the subject like macroskills listening, speaking, reading,
reading and writing in the language subjects history, geography, economics, and government in an
intradisciplinary social studies program. Integrated science integrates the perspectives of subdisciplines
such as biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science.

Interdisciplinary – happens when traditionally separate subjects are bought together so that the
students can grasp more authentic understanding. Example: discussion of responsible parenthood from
different point of views such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics and health; Values
education is expected to be integrated to all subjects.

Transdisciplinary – integration the lessons in real life. Cite real life applications of your lesson. Also, it is
when you indigenized or localized your lessons
13. MTB-MLE-Based

Mother Tongue Based-Multilingual Education.

Teaching is done more than one language beginning with mother tongue.

With the use of mother tongue as language of instruction, it eliminates problem on language barrier in
the early grades.

RA 10533 states, Mother Tongue Based-Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) “starts from where the
learners are and from what they already know proceeding from known to unknown”

14. Spiral Progression Approach

Develop same concepts from one grade level to the next in increasing complexity.

15. Flexible, Indigenized and Localized

One of the key features of the K-12 Social Studies (Araling Panlipunan) curriculum is the delivery of
lessons through localization and contextualization. The principle of localization and contextualization is
not new to DepEd teachers for it is already embedded in our mission which states “To protect and
promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education

localization is the process of adapting and relating the content of the curriculum and the process of
teaching and learning to local condition, environment, and resources..